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Biomedical subjects

K Wagner

Publications and source records attributed to K Wagner.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Interstitial nephritis in typhus].

A 58-year-old man developed continuous fever of around 40 degrees C and a macular rash on the trunk and limbs one week after an eight-day visit to the island of Rhodos. Typhus was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical findings, the characteristic rash and a rise in antibody titre against Rickettsia prowazekii and mooseri (1:1280). The fever subsided and the patient's general state markedly improved within three days of starting antibiotic treatment with doxycycline. Five days after hospital admission renal function deteriorated, serum creatinine rising from 1.7 to maximally 8.7 mg/dl. Renal biopsy on the eighth day of illness revealed, in concordance with the diagnosis of a rickettsial infection, acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Doxycycline administration was continued for a total of 18 days and renal function improved. Two weeks after discharge serum creatinine had fallen to 1.8 mg/dl and to 1.2 mg/dl after 6 months. The antibody titre against Rickettsia prowazekii had fallen to 1:20 about 12 weeks after discharge. Early antibiotic treatment of typhus is of importance to avoid irreversible renal damage.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

Transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells as model system for cytokine immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation.

The presence of cytokine producing cells is most easily revealed by techniques measuring the secreted cytokines in culture supernatants or body fluids. However, these techniques only measure the bulk cytokine release by a given, often mixed cell population. To demonstrate cytokine production at the single cell level, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and in situ hybridisation (ISH) are now widely used techniques. To establish these techniques, an easily accessible model system is needed which permits the evaluation of different ICC and ISH protocols. It can be used to demonstrate the specificity of the antibodies and may serve as a positive control for samples of unknown cytokine content. Here we propose the use of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected to express one specific cytokine as such a model system. Its usefulness is demonstrated by the characterisation of six monoclonal antibodies to human interleukin-4 and the establishment of two in situ hybridisation protocols.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Can anti-IgE be used to treat allergy?

A summary of the properties of CGP 51901 is shown in Table 3. On the basis of its binding to IgE and IgE-secreting cells and its activity in vitro and in vivo, CGP 51901 is expected to be able to decrease serum IgE by direct clearance of IgE and by reduction of the numbers and productivity of IgE-secreting cells. The end result of reduction of IgE in the circulation and on mast cells is expected to be the attenuation of IgE-mediated reactions and the improvement in allergy symptoms. The effective serum concentration of CGP 51901 is expected to be in the range 1-10 micrograms/ml. Because CGP 51901 is an antibody specific for IgE, it is expected to be highly selective in its activity. Because IgE does not appear to be essential and because CGP 51901 has been rigorously tested to confirm its non-anaphylactic nature, this treatment is not expected to have any adverse effects. Therefore, CGP 51901 is expected to be safe and to have a good probability of being effective when it is tested in human clinical trials.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of PEG-electrolyte (Colyte) lavage on serum acetaminophen concentrations. A model for treatment of acetaminophen overdose.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whole gut lavage with polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (Colyte), as a potentially adjunctive measure in lowering serum acetaminophen levels. The effect of bowel lavage was evaluated on serial serum acetaminophen concentrations after 2-g and 4-g doses in 7 and 12 male patients, respectively. Mean peak level of serum acetaminophen after 2 g (60 min after intake) was not significantly lowered by bowel lavage. After 4 g, peak acetaminophen serum levels were significantly lower after bowel lavage (65.4% of controls, P < 0.001). Urinary concentrations of the mercapturic acid conjugate of the toxic metabolite were also significantly reduced by lavage (55% after 2 g and 45% after 4 g, P < 0.01). Activated charcoal given orally after administration of 4 g of acetaminophen had no significant effect on peak serum levels and had no additive effect on lavage. These studies suggest that rapid, complete bowel lavage with a polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution may be beneficial as an adjunct to the treatment of the acetaminophen intoxication.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1993

Recombinant immunoblot assays for hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected US Navy personnel.

The prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, and D viruses was studied in 467 military personnel with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by first-generation ELISA was found in 136 (29%). Of sera repeatedly reactive for anti-HCV by first-generation ELISA, two-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) was positive in 41 (32%) and four-antigen RIBA was positive in 55 (41%). Four-antigen RIBA was positive in 33 (30%) of the 109 with an OD on ELISA of < or = 2.0 compared with 22 (81%) of the 27 with an OD > 2.0 (P < .001). Anti-HCV detected by four-antigen RIBA was associated with increasing age, black or Hispanic race, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. When patients with hepatitis B surface antigen were excluded, elevated alanine aminotransferase was found in 5 (8%) of 63 with a negative RIBA and 13 (28%) of 47 with a positive RIBA (P = .006). While RIBA was negative in more than half of those with anti-HCV by ELISA, 55 (12%) of these HIV-1 infected personnel had anti-HCV detected by RIBA, which was associated with a strong reaction by ELISA, elevated liver enzymes, coinfection with hepatitis B, minority race, and older age.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Subsequent fractures of the femur shaft. Classification, etiology and treatment--a retrospective study].

Refractures of the femur frequently occur after open fractures or following an infection. There has to be distinguished between aseptic and septic refractures. Both forms have in common dystrophy as a favoring factor at the time point of refracture. Traumatizing means of osteosynthesis, missing soft tissue protection and lack of medial support after internal fixation are the main factors concerning the development of refractures. In case of aseptic refractures of the femur we propose intramedullary nailing if possible independent of the method of primary osteosynthesis. In case of septic refractures infect repair comes first. Besides internal fixation, autogenous cancellous or cortico-cancellous bone graft and plastic soft tissue repair are of most importance. We propose the following procedure for fractures of the femur with severe soft tissue damage: Primary fixation with fixateur externe, after soft tissue repair electively intramedullary nailing or internal fixation, in case of missing medial support combined with autogenous cancellous or cortico-cancellous bone graft. This procedure showed a rate of 0.9% of refractures after primary operative treatment of 2073 fractures of the femur at the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Tübingen.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characteristics of colon cancer at time of presentation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics and the stage and site of colon cancer at the time of presentation. METHODS: New cases of colon cancer identified through a tumor registry at a teaching hospital during 1989 were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 110 cases, 53% of the subjects were female, 95% were white, and 63% were more than 70 years of age. RESULTS: Early stages of colon cancer (Dukes A [11%] or B [41%]) occurred in 52%, and late stages (Dukes C [26%] or D [22%]) in 48%. Most patients (88%) presented with symptoms; 12% of the cases were detected in asymptomatic patients. Of the 13 asymptomatic patients, 7 were identified by positive occult blood in the stool, 5 by colonoscopy, and 1 during a hysterectomy. The stage of colon cancer was more likely to be early in asymptomatic patients (85% Dukes A or B) compared to those with symptoms (47% Dukes A or B) (p < 0.02). Sixty-two percent (62%) of the cecum/ascending colon cancer were early compared to 46% of the cancers in other locations (p = 0.11). Seventy-seven percent (77%) of the asymptomatic cancers were located in the cecum/ascending colon compared to 33% of the symptomatic patients (p < 0.02). Age and gender were not associated with site or stage of colon cancer. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with colon cancer are diagnosed when symptomatic. When colon cancer is diagnosed while still asymptomatic, it is more likely to be at an early stage. The most common screening procedure leading to diagnosis in asymptomatic patients is the identification of fecal occult blood. Colon cancer is more likely to be located in the cecum/ascending colon when diagnosed at an asymptomatic stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A longitudinal study of dental caries and cariogenic microflora in a group of young adults from Göteborg.

Caries and cariogenic microorganisms were assessed in a group of young adults over a 3-year period. A 30% random sample comprising 101 individuals aged 18-19 years was re-examined under conditions consistent with the baseline survey 3 years earlier. The means for DFS prevalence and increment were 8.9 and 2, respectively. Continuing polarization of the disease was observed, with mean DFS score reaching 19.9 in the upper 15% of the frequency distribution. Highest caries activity was observed approximally where the increment of manifest and incipient lesions averaged 1.3 and 1.6 surfaces, respectively, as compared to 0.5/0.6 occlusally and 0.2/0.5 bucco-lingually. While the occlusal component continued to dominate DF score with 5.7 surfaces, the prevalence of approximal lesions increased by 48%, averaging 2.7 surfaces. Frequency distribution showed a shift to the right and increasing skewness. The proportion without manifest lesions/restorations had declined by 3%. While only 6% of the dentin lesions/restorations were found in the lowest quartile, 15% of the individuals with highest caries levels accounted for 40% of the total DFS and 58% of the D component. Among the 88 subjects who were saliva sampled, salivary mutans streptococci were detected in 89.7% and lactobacilli in 83%. Forty-one percent of the 18-19-year-olds had high numbers of mutans streptococci (> 5 x 10(5) cfu per ml) as compared to 33% at the age of 15-16-years, while high numbers of lactobacilli (> 10(5) cfu per ml) were recovered in 21.8% as compared to 14.3%. The stability within each range of microorganisms varied depending on the baseline level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the control of tissue perfusion and oxygen supply: physiological and pathophysiological implications.

Since the development of specific NO-synthase inhibitors it has become possible to study the role of NO in the control of local blood flow and tissue oxygenation. Inhibition of NO-synthase induces hypertension and abnormal vasoconstriction, as well as tissue hypoxia and impaired adaptation of blood flow to increased tissue oxygen demands. These functional alterations are similar to those observed in a number of cardiovascular diseases. The present evidence that impaired endothelial function is a pathogenetic factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases is briefly reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Frequency of delta F508 and haplotype association in Austrian cystic fibrosis families.

The frequency of the major mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene was analyzed for 113 Austrian cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. An overall frequency of 55% for delta F508 was found with values of 72% and 13% for patients with pancreatic insufficiency (CF-PI) and those with pancreatic sufficiency (CF-PS), respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of the alleles of the closely linked DNA markers XV2c/KM19/MP6d-9 in our families is described.

Austria↗
PubMed1992

Localization of genes and anonymous DNA probes on the short arm of chromosome 7.

We have previously described the cytogenetic analysis of two patients with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) and various microdeletions on the short arm of Chromosome (Chr) 7. Using genes and anonymous DNA probes from 7p we analyzed the DNA of our patients for loss of heterozygosity, or we determined the copy number by semi-quantitative Southern hybridization. We have been able to show hemizygosity for the genes of INHBA, IGFBP1 and GLI3 in both patients and therefore can give the chromosomal assignment 7p12.3-p13. CRI-R944 and CRI-P137 map to the same region, whereas CRI-S207 can be assigned to 7p13-p14.2; TM102L, TS93, TS194, TM77 and TN177 showed no change and these probes map distal to 7p14.2.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Amelioration of ischemic acute renal failure by dietary fish oil administration in conscious dogs.

The hypothesis that dietary fish oil would protect dogs from ischemic acute renal failure was tested. Fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid, 55 mg/kg per day, and docosahexaenoic acid, 40 mg/kg per day was given to eight instrumented, female, beagle dogs for 6 wk, while seven control dogs received vehicle. After 3 wk, unilateral nephrectomy was performed and a pneumatic cuff with flow probe was placed around the remaining renal artery of each dog. Three weeks thereafter, the cuff was inflated for 120 min. Renal function, RBF, and prostanoid excretion were measured 24 and 72 h after ischemia. In dogs receiving fish oil, blood pressure, GFR, RBF, renal vascular resistance (RVR), cholesterol, triglycerides, and prostanoid excretion were measured weekly for 6 wk. Further, cytosolic calcium was measured before and five times after fish oil. Blood pressure decreased, serum cholesterol and triglycerides decreased, and the cytosolic calcium within platelets decreased. The urinary excretion (expressed as picograms per milligram of creatinine) of the thromboxane (TX) metabolite TXB2 and the excretion of prostaglandin (PG)E2, as well as the excretion of the PGI2 metabolite 6-keto PGF1 alpha were decreased. GFR, RBF (Cl inulin and Cl para-aminohippuric acid), and RVR were not influenced by fish oil. Unilateral nephrectomy decreased GFR and RBF and increased RVR as expected, whereas it further decreased prostanoid excretion. Acute renal ischemia caused a significant, reversible decrease in GFR and urine volume in vehicle-treated animals, whereas no significant effect on renal function or urine volume was observed in animals pretreated with fish oil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗