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Biomedical subjects

K W Jones

Publications and source records attributed to K W Jones.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sex reversal in the mouse (Mus musculus) is caused by a recurrent nonreciprocal crossover involving the x and an aberrant y chromosome.

Satellite DNA (Bkm) from the W sex-determining chromosome of snakes, which is related to sequences on the mouse Y chromosome, has been used to analyze the DNA and chromosomes of sex-reversed (Sxr) XXSxr male mice. Such mice exhibit a male-specific Southern blot Bkm hybridization pattern, consistent with the presence of Y-chromosome DNA. In situ hybridization of Bkm to chromosomes of XXSxr mice shows an aberrant concentration of related sequences on the distal terminus of a large mouse chromosome. The XYSxr carrier male, however, shows a pair of small chromosomes, which are presumed to be aberrant Y derivatives. Meiosis in the XYSxr mouse involves transfer of chromatin rich in Bkm-related DNA from the Y-Y1 complex to the X distal terminus. We suggest that this event is responsible for the transmission of the Sxr trait.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Protective effects of heparin and other sulfated glycosaminoglycans on crystal adhesion to injured urothelium.

Heparin was found to prevent calcium oxalate crystal adhesion to chemically injured rat bladder urothelium. Heparin was the only polysaccharide tested which restored injured urothelium to the functional status of normal, uninjured urothelium with respect to anticrystal adhesion properties. Other sulfated glycosaminoglycans, sulfated polysaccharides and monosaccharides were without restorative or protective effects. 3H-heparin was found to bind to injured urothelium but not to normal urothelium.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1982

Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from genital isolates of herpes simplex virus type 2.

High-resolution restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from multiple herpes simplex virus type 2 isolates from 30 patients at a single clinical center has indicated that herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA sequences are highly conserved. However, the use of six endonucleases, EcoRI, BglII, HindIII, KpnI, BamHI, and SstI, established that each patient was infected by a unique virus. Comparison of virus isolates from the same patient show that the most sequence variation occurred in the terminal and subterminal BamHI fragments. The results suggest that each individual may induce specific variation in the herpes simplex virus type 2 genome and that the results of epidemiological studies based on restriction endonuclease analyses of herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA must be interpreted with care.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Conserved repeated DNA sequences in vertebrate sex chromosomes.

Satellite DNA isolated from female Elapid snakes contains nucleotide sequences which are quantitatively derived from the W sex-determining chromosome. Certain of these sequences are highly conserved in vertebrates, including mammals, where they are arranged in a sex-specific pattern in Southern blots. Sex reversed mice (Sxr) show a DNA arrangement of these sequences in conformity with their phenotypic sex, suggesting that this DNA is closely connected with the determination of sex. In situ hybridization of the snake sequences with mouse chromosomes reveals a concentration of related DNA at the proximal tip of the mouse Y chromosome. This possible nature and significance of these observations is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The detection of DNA tumour virus-specific RNA sequences in abnormal human cervical biopsies by in situ hybridization.

We have used the technique of in situ nucleic acid hybridization and autoradiography of thin frozen sections of human tissue to search for virus RNA sequences in human cervical tumours. Of cervical biopsies with abnormal cytology, 67% bound herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) 3H-labelled DNA probes and 39% bound adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) 3H-labelled DNA probes, whereas control experiments with phage lambda 3H-labelled DNA probes, under the same conditions, bound to only 7% of cases. In contrast, normal cervical biopsies bound the three probes in only 23%, 17% and 8% of cases respectively.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1980

Improved method for detection of cellular transcripts by in situ hybridization: detection of poly (A) sequences in individual cells.

A method for detecting RNA base sequences in individual cells by in situ hybridization with radioactive probes and autoradiography was developed. Cells are fixed with glutaraldehyde at low concentration and deproteinization of fixed target molecules with acid is omitted. Hybridization is carried out in acetate buffer, at low pH, and unhybridized molecules are digested with enzymes prior to autoradiographic exposure. In order to test the specificity of the autoradiographic labelling obtained under these conditions, 3H-poly(U) was hybridized to poly (A) sequences from fixed cells and in vitro and in situ hybridization were compared. It was found that the hybridization reaction of poly(U) in situ obeyed the expectations for such a reaction in solution in that it occurred under the same conditions of ionic strength and temperature, exhibited fast kinetics, was reversed by heat and was sensitive to competition from cold poly(U) but not from other macromolecules. On the other hand, some factors which promote artefactual attachment of probes were identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Sex chromosome associated satellite DNA: evolution and conservation.

Satellites visible in female but not in male DNA were isolated from the snakes Elaphe radiata (satellite IV, p = 1.708 g x cm-3) and Bungarus fasciatus (BK1 minor, p = 1.709 g x cm-3). The satellites cross hybridize. Hybridization of 3H labelled nick translated BK minor satellite DNA with the total male and female DNA and/or chromosomes in situ of different species of snakes revealed that its sequences are conserved throughout the snake group and are mainly concentrated on the W chromosomes. Snakes lacking sex chromosomes do possess related sequences but there is no sex difference and visible related satellites are absent. The following conclusions have been reached on the basis of these results. 1. The W chromosome associated satellite DNA is related to similar sequences scattered in the genome. 2. The origin and increment in the number of the W satellite DNA sequence on the W chromosome is assoicated with the heterochromatinization of the W. 3. Satellite sequences have become distributed along the length of the W and resulted in morphological differentiation of sex chromosomes. 4. Evolutionary conservation of W satellite DNA strongly suggests that functional constraints may have limited sequence divergence.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Thoracic trauma.

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Adult↗
PubMed1979

Primate repetitive DNAs: evidence for new satellite DNAs and similarities in non-satellite repetitive DNA sequence properties.

Repetitious DNA sequences have been isolated from a number of the primates in in both Suborders Anthropoidea and Prosimii by hydroxy-apatite chromatography at a Cot of 10. In addition to finding previously unreported possible AT-rich satellite DNAs in Orangutan, Gibbon, Rhesus and Slow Loris a clear similarity to human DNA was found in the nonsatellite repetitious DNA sequence properties of the primates in the Suborder Anthropoidea. This is based on the presence of the hydroxyapatitie isolated 1.703 and 1.714 g/cm3 DNA families in CsCl gradients in the analytical ultracentrifuge following renaturation and extensive DNA hyperpolymer network formation. Within the superfamily Hominoidea the amount of the 1.714 g/cm3 DNA family was greater than that of the 1.703 g/cm3 DNA family while the reverse situation was true within the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea. The orangutan 1.703 and 1.714 g/cm3 DNA families were shown to exhibit the same differential reassociation behavior demonstrated previously in human DNA (Marx et al., 1976a). These data are interpreted as preliminary evidence for a similar sequence organization in the Order Primates Suborder Anthropoidea.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Detection of AKR MuLV-specific RNA in AKR mouse cells by in situ hybridization.

Conditions for the detection of complex RNA sequences by in situ hybridization have been investigated by using a single-stranded 3H-cDNA probe complementary to the AKR MuLV genome and in vitro cultured AKR mouse cells which spontaneously produce AKR MuLV. It is shown that fixation with glutaraldehyde at low concentration allows cellular RNA to be sufficiently well retained during the annealing process and that stringent conditions in situ can be maintained by means of formamide. Some conditions which promote atypical and non-specific binding of the probe have been identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Behaviour of sex chromosome associated satellite DNAs in somatic and germ cells in snakes.

Sex chromosome associated satellite DNAs is isolated from the snakes Elaphe radiata (sat III) (Singh et al., 1976) and Bungarus fasciatus (Elapidae) (minor satellite) are evolutionarily conserved throughout the suborder Ophidia. An autosome limited satellite DNA (B. fasciatus major satellite) is not similarly conserved. Both types of satellites have been studied by in situ hybridisation in various somatic tissues and germ cells where it has been observed that the W sex chromosome remains condensed in interphase nuclei. In growing oocytes however, the W chromosome satellite rich heterochromatin decondenses completely whilst the autosomal satellite rich regions remain condensed. Later, the cycle is reversed and the W chromosome condenses whilst the autosomal satellite regions decondense. In a primitive snake (Eryx johni johni) where the sex chromosomes are not differentiated and where there is no satellite DNA specific to them, these phenomena are absent. - The differential behaviour of autosomal and sex chromosome associated satellite DNAs is discussed in the light of gene regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Normal human tissues contain RNA and antigens related to infectious adenovirus type 2.

Normal human tissues have been found to contain RNA which hybridises with four regions of the adenovirus type 2 genome, including one which contains the transforming gene(s) of this virus. The RNAs have also been extracted from gorilla organs, but not from those of chickens, suggesting that they are a feature of all normal higher primate tissues. Serological test suggest that these homologous RNAs are translated into proteins connected with essentially normal and virus-infected cell functions.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1979

Regional myocardial dimensions following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients. Relationship of functional deterioration to graft occlusion.

The direct relationship between graft flow and regional midwall myocardial function has not been documented in patients. Therefore, the present study was designed to quantitate the effects of coronary artery bypass grafting on regional myocardial mechanics distal to a coronary artery obstruction. Twenty-one patients with subtotal or total occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Following completion of the aortic and coronary anastomoses, two miniature ultrasonic dimension transducers (2.5 mm. diameter) were positioned within the minor axis of the anterior left ventricular free wall and were allowed complete freedom of movement. The transducers were placed at midwall depth, and areas of clinically apparent myocardial fibrosis were not utilized as sites of implantation. During control, 30 minutes following the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass, regional myocardial dimensions, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, arterial pressure, and heart rate were recorded with all saphenous vein grafts open and after 30 seconds of single vein graft occlusion. These measurements were repeated during atrial pacing at a rate of 128 +/- 4 beats per minute. Data are mean +/- the standard error of the mean. During control, graft occlusion resulted in a regional decrease in systolic excursion from 1.3 +/- 0.1 to 1.0 +/- 0.2 mm. (p less than 0.01), as well as a decrease in the rate of shortening from 8.7 +/- 0.2 to 6.2 +/- 1.1 mm. per second (p less than 0.05); heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure remained unchanged. Graft occlusion with atrial pacing resulted in an exaggerated decrease in both regional systolic excursion, from 1.2 +/- 0.2 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 mm. (p less than 0.01), and rate of shortening, from 9.4 +/- 1.5 to 4.4 +/- 0.2 mm. per second (p less than 0.01). For the group of patients studied, end-diastolic lengths were unchanged with graft occlusion during control and atrial pacing. Moreover, with graft occlusion, isolated patients demonstrated regional dyskinesia as evidenced by holosystolic bulging. These studies in patients have documented for the first time that, despite a constant preload, afterload, and heart rate, regional myocardial function following coronary artery bypass grafting is dependent upon adequate graft flow, especially during stress.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗