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Biomedical subjects

K W Heaton

Publications and source records attributed to K W Heaton.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Evidence for loss of tritium from 3 beta-tritiated deoxycholic acid during enterohepatic cycling in man.

A double-label single-intubation isotope technique was assessed for studying deoxycholic acid metabolism by simultaneous IV administration of [3 beta-3H]deoxycholic acid and [24-14C]deoxycholic acid to five healthy subjects. The 3H/14C ratio in duodenal bile fell progressively in all subjects, the mean reduction on day four being 48.8%. When the same labeled bile acids were administered to three ileostomy subjects, again the ratio fell with a mean reduction of 44.4% on day four. This fall more likely was due to hepatic exchange of tritium for hydrogen, rather than to colonic bacterial oxidation. [3 beta-3H]Deoxycholic acid should not be used to study the kinetics and metabolism of deoxycholic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Particle size of wheat, maize, and oat test meals: effects on plasma glucose and insulin responses and on the rate of starch digestion in vitro.

When normal volunteers ate isocaloric wheat-based meals, their plasma insulin responses (peak concentration and area under curve) increased stepwise: whole grains less than cracked grains less than coarse flour less than fine flour. Insulin responses were also greater with fine maizemeal than with whole or cracked maize grains but were similar with whole groats, rolled oats, and fine oatmeal. The peak-to-nadir swing of plasma glucose was greater with wheat flour than with cracked or whole grains. In vitro starch hydrolysis by pancreatic amylase was faster with decreasing particle size with all three cereals. Correlation with the in vivo data was imperfect. Oat-based meals evoked smaller glucose and insulin responses than wheat- or maize-based meals. Particle size influences the digestion rate and consequent metabolic effects of wheat and maize but not oats. The increased insulin response to finely ground flour may be relevant to the etiology of diseases associated with hyperinsulinemia and to the management of diabetes.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Recurrence and re-recurrence of gall stones after medical dissolution: a longterm follow up.

One hundred patients with radiolucent gall stones less than or equal to 1.5 cm in functioning gall bladders have received oral bile acid dissolution therapy since 1975. Complete data are available on 93 who have received at least six months' treatment. The complete dissolution rate in appropriately selected patients who complied with and tolerated an adequate course of treatment was 55%. By life table analysis the recurrence rates were 13% at one year, 21% at two years, 31% at three years, and 43% at four years. Thereafter the recurrence rate levelled out, being 49% at 11 years. Redissolution was achieved in all seven patients who had a second course of therapy, but was usually followed by re-recurrence. Patients whose gall stones recurred did not differ significantly from those who remained stone free with respect to age, sex, body weight, or time required for dissolution.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Glucose and insulin responses to manufactured and whole-food snacks.

To determine whether realistic snacks containing added sugar evoke excessive insulin responses, 10 healthy subjects consumed four different snack meals, similar in fat and total energy content. Two snacks were based on sugary, manufactured products (chocolate-coated candy bar; cola drink with crisps) and two on whole foods (raisins and peanuts; bananas and peanuts). After the processed-food snacks, plasma-glucose levels tended to rise higher and to fall lower than after the whole-food snacks. The area under the plasma insulin curve was 70% greater after the manufactured snacks than after the raisin-peanut snack. The banana-peanut snack evoked an intermediate insulin response. One subject had pathological insulinaemia after both manufactured snacks but normal responses after both whole-food snacks. These findings suggest that foods and drinks containing added fiber-depleted sugars stress and sometimes overwhelm homeostatic mechanisms but also suggest that the insulin response to food is influenced by the physical state of the food.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Is there a relationship between symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome and objective measurements of large bowel function? A longitudinal study.

Four patients with the irritable bowel syndrome completed 28 day continuous stool collections and concurrent symptom diaries. The diaries revealed that three patients had multiple pains. When the diaries were compared with objective measurements, no relationship could be detected between the occurrence of pain or any other symptom on the one hand and stool weight, stool form or consistency, mean whole gut transit time, or interdefecatory transit on the other. Patients' descriptions of urgency, looseness and frequency of defecation give little guide to intestinal events, at least using currently available techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Irritable bowel-type symptoms in spontaneous and induced constipation.

The prevalence and severity of irritable bowel symptoms was assessed by systematic questioning in 44 constipated volunteers, most of whom had documented slow intestinal transit. All but two had one or more of the following: passage of mucus, rectal dissatisfaction, bloating, and abdominal pain relieved by defecation. All the symptoms were more prevalent than in 17 normal volunteers or in 301 apparently healthy people studied previously. When 12 normal subjects were made constipated with loperamide all developed one or more irritable bowel symptoms. When 24 constipated subjects received effective laxative treatment the prevalence and severity of these symptoms fell markedly. The findings suggest that in some subjects the slowing down of intestinal transit is associated with irritable bowel symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

"Rectal dissatisfaction" in the irritable bowel syndrome. A manometric and radiological study.

Conventional radiographic and manometric criteria failed to distinguish 9 irritable bowel syndrome patients with the symptom of rectal dissatisfaction from 6 without it. Manometric values (including sphincter length, resting and squeeze pressures, and the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, as well as rectal compliance and maximum tolerable volume), radiographic indices (anorectal angle and level of pelvic floor at rest and on straining), and tests of anal and rectal sensitivity were all statistically indistinguishable. Conceivably, the symptom results from incomplete rectal emptying; it may also be an early warning of abnormal perineal descent. Only 4 of the 15 patients with irritable bowel syndrome in this study were able to expel a 50-ml balloon from the rectum in the left lateral position.

Adult↗