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Biomedical subjects

K V Grachev

Publications and source records attributed to K V Grachev.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Stereoelectrosubcorticography in epilepsy, the focus and epileptogenic system.

According to the conceptual electrophysiological model for epilepsy worked out by the authors earlier (1968-1971) the development of the disease has the following stages: "epileptic" neurone epileptogenic focus epileptogenic system epileptic brain. The mechanisms of the II and III stages are analysed in the given paper. The critical volume of the neuronal population capable of functioning as a triggering focus is shown to be 10(3)-10(5) cells (Microsystem). On the II stage the control is achieved by the lateral inhibition. Further on epileptogenic macrosystems and subsystems of discharge reverberation (vertical and horizontal) are formed with complex hierarchy on a reciprocal principle. A morpho-functional organization of pathological systems in petit mal, grand mal, uni- and bitemporal epilepsy was found during ictal and interictal periods. Inhibitory systems (low pontine and caudate) and reciprocal inhibition during the III stage were found to act as controls.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1976

[Topography of the optic thalamus, caudate and lenticular nuclei of the human brain in frontal section (an anatomical-statistical study applied to stereotaxis)].

Topographic coordinates of the thalamus, caudate and lentiform nuclei of the human brain in relation to the medial-sagittal plane and inferior-medial part of the corpus callosum were studied in 70 preparations. The parameters under study are characterized by mean values of the variants and square deviations. Detailed tables of these values are given which may be employed in stereotaxical calculations for all coordinates, for men and women separately, for the right and left hemispheres, brachy- and mesencephaly. Statistically reliable differences of coordinates found for 3 of 13 parameters studied were not regular. The necessity to identify the above subgroups in topometrical investigations of the human brain is under doubt.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative studies of hearing in children by recording reflex reactions and long-latency auditory evoked potentials].

Hearing thresholds at speech frequencies in children with neurosensory hypoacusis were measured by three methods: orientation reflex (OR), wink reflex (WR) and brain acoustic evoked responses (BERA). Hearing thresholds measured by recording OR and WR were compared in 115 children (232 comparisons) and were found to coincide in about 92% of cases. Hearing thresholds at speech frequencies were measured by recording OR, WR and BERA in 55 children (103 comparisons) and were found to coincide in about 70% of cases. The discrepancy in the thresholds, especially when measured by means of BERA and WR, was seen mainly in the children who suffered from neurosensory hypoacusis and other CNS disorders (oligophrenia, residual manifestations of birth cerebral palsy with mental retardation, symptoms of sensory alalia). It is concluded that the method of recording WR allows a sufficiently accurate measurement of hearing thresholds. However, a comprehensive examination should be performed using all three methods to reveal concomitant diseases.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-electrophysiologic analysis of the results of surgical treatment of focal epilepsy in children].

The authors analyzed the electroclinical data obtained in the surgical treatment by the open method of 104 children and adolescents with focal and multifocal epilepsy. The indications were frequent epileptic seizures, resistance to drug therapy, clear-cut clinical and electrophysiological correlations with regard to the localization of the epileptic focus. If nonoperative treatment has no effect, it is not advisable to delay surgical intervention by more than 1--2 years. Dynamic EEG examination under conditions of natural sleep, deprivation of sleep or dark adaptation yields complete objective information on the principal focus. The used system of diagnostic and operative intervention ensured favourable outcomes in 88% of the children with focal epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Function of acoustic analyzer in multiple sclerosis in exacerbation].

Audiometric examination of 51 patients with aggravated multiple sclerosis included pure-tone threshold audiometry, assessment, of speech intensity function, of adaptation, masking, sound laterality, impedance tympanomanometry, perception of complicated speech, registration of short-latency acoustic evoked potentials. Acoustic analyzer disfunction, especially that of sound laterality, was discovered in 42-83% and 68% of patients, respectively. The hearing system was affected most frequently at the level of brain stem and occasionally at the level of the cochlea (15%). Sorption detoxication therapy produced response in 100% of patients by subjective and neurological criteria, while only in 59% by acoustic criteria. This disagreement is likely to reflect subclinical symptoms and may represent a prognostic value.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗