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Biomedical subjects

K Ushijima

Publications and source records attributed to K Ushijima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of norfloxacin in children].

Oral new quinolone, norfloxacin (NFLX, AM-715), was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. 1. NFLX was effective in 88.0% of 25 cases infected with Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains, and other bacteria. 2. After single oral administration of 50 mg and 100 mg NFLX tablet at fasting, mean peak values of serum concentration were 0.35, 0.48 microgram/ml and T1/2 values were 2.2, 2.7 hours, respectively. 3. No adverse reactions suggestive for arthropathy were encountered with NFLX therapy with daily doses of 4.6-35.7 mg/kg (maximum 600 mg per day) and duration of 3 to 19 days. From these preliminary data, NFLX seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Hemodynamic effects of high-frequency jet ventilation in dogs with a chronically banded pulmonary artery.

Two to seven weeks after banding the main pulmonary artery, the hemodynamic effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) were studied in dogs with and without PEEP. In comparison with CMV, HFJV significantly increased cardiac index, stroke index (SI), left ventricular stroke work index, and oxygen delivery index, and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance index both with and without PEEP; however, there were significant decreases in PaO2 and increases in intrapulmonary physiologic shunt ratio in HFJV without PEEP. SI without PEEP was significantly greater with HFJV when the peak airway pressure was synchronized with the diastole in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) than with CMV and with HFJV synchronized with the systole in PAP. These findings suggest that HFJV has hemodynamic advantages over CMV in dogs with chronically banded pulmonary artery and dilated right ventricle.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

[Fundamental studies of subrenal capsule assay].

Cancer chemosensitivity test by Bogden's SRCA (subrenal capsule assay) method was experimentally evaluated using DMBA induced rat ovarian cancer. Cancer tissues were implanted beneath the renal capsule of BDF1 mice, and factors affecting development of the xenografts were examined. To observe the effect of the host-mediated immunologic reaction, the mice were put into immunosuppressive situations by applying cyclophosphamide (CPA) or cyclosporin A (CsA), and the growth of the tumor in each condition received macroscopic and histological evaluation. Under the most favorable conditions, drug sensitivity tests were performed. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In non-treated mice, the cancer cells of the grafted tumor were rejected, until the 7th day following the implantation, by host reaction. 2) In a CPA-induced immunosuppressive condition, the tumor tissue was damaged by the cytotoxic effect, although the size of the tumor was on the increase until the 9th day. 3) CsA brought about a favorable condition for tumor development, showing a linear growth curve from the 3rd to the 9th day with viable cancer cells. 4) Chemosensitivity tests indicated that methotrexate and CDDP were effective, while mitomycin was not effective in treating the implanted tumors. 5) The results obtained with SRCA were much the same in experimental therapeutic trials using rats with primary ovarian cancer induced by DMBA application.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of transplant generations of primary rat adenocarcinoma and some chemotherapeutic observations.

Rats (Wistar) bearing subcutaneous implants of tumor fragment of DMBA-induced tumor were used in this study. Studies have been made of their proliferative characteristics, and their response to Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP) has been measured. The transplanted tumor appears to be on homogeneous solid structure throughout all transplant generations, although the primary site is concomitant adenocarcinoma showing both glandular and solid structure. Microangiography showed that the transplanted tumor was more hypervascular than the primary tumor. Compared with the previous reports using the primary autochthonous tumor, the antitumor effect of CDDP is excellent and the histologic effect is observed in all areas of the sectioned surface. The transplanted tumor could provide a useful experimental system for the laboratory study of the chemotherapy of ovarian adenocarcinoma and the possibility of predicting ovarian adenocarcinoma seemed to be great because of the morphological similarity.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione peroxidase in the brain of the rat.

The distribution of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PO) in the brain of rats was studied by using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method employing highly specific antibodies raised in rabbits to GSH-PO. The purity of the antigen and the specificity of the antibodies were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transblot assay, respectively. The specificity of the immunohistochemical staining was confirmed by using a pre-immune serum, eliminating the first to third antibodies in the PAP method and absorption test. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, male Wistar rats were perfused with a mixture of fixatives (paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and picric acid) via the left cardiac ventricle. The brain was immediately removed en masse and fixed in a similar solution but lacking glutaraldehyde, and then thin-sectioned with a cryostat. The sections were stained by the PAP immunohistochemical method. The immunoreactive products were observed chiefly in the nuclei of some nerve cells in the following areas: layers II, IV, VI in the cerebral cortex; CA2, CA1 and CA4, CA3 (listed in descending degree) in the hippocampus; granular and molecular layers in the cerebellar cortex. Few immunoreactive products were observed in the pyramidal cells in layers III, V of the cerebral cortex, and not at all in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The nerve cells where lacking GSH-PO well coincided with the cells vulnerable to hypoxia. During or following hypoxia, lipid peroxides will be generated in the tissues and do harm when they exceed some amount.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Study of nasal surface basophilic cells in patients with nasal polyp.

Surface basophilic cells in samples obtained from the inferior concha of nasal polyp patients were examined microscopically. Although the cells were believed to be specific to nasal allergy patients, we were also able to observe them in nasal polyp patients without nasal allergy. These cells were found in 5% of normal controls, in 14% of patients with chronic sinusitis without nasal polyp, in 65% with nasal polyp and in 91% with nasal allergy. In patients with unilateral nasal polyp the surface basophilic cells increased on the side with nasal polyp but not on the side without nasal polyp. As the nasal polyp grew in size, so the number of cells grew. After the polyp was removed, the cells decreased appreciably in number. With regard to other nasal diseases, surface basophilic cells were observed in 80% of tracheotomized patients, in 88% of laryngectomized patients due to laryngeal cancer, in 100% of patients with a tumor in nasal cavity, in 100% of patients with irradiation treatment of the nasal cavity and in 90% of patients with atrophic rhinitis. The surface basophilic cells seem to increase in number through some mechanism induced by a blockage of nasal airway by nasal polyp.

Basophils↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of biochemical characteristics of the fluids in otitis media with effusion and postoperative maxillary cysts.

The biochemical characteristics and smears of the fluids in M-OME, S-OME, AOM, POMC, and AMS were studied. The fluids in S-OME and POMC had the character of transudate rather than exudate. On the other hand, M-OME, AOM, and AMS showed a more exudative or secretive nature. The character of the product from the inflammatory process of the specific condition was particularly seen in M-OME, AOM, and AMS. Thus we speculate that the chronic inflammatory process has a close relationship to the pathogenesis of OME, especially in mucoid types.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical studies of the serotonergic supraependymal plexus in the mammalian ventricular system, with special reference to the characteristic reticular ramification.

Distributional and morphological features, especially characteristics of the ramification of serotonin-containing supraependymal fibers (SEF), were studied in the ventricular systems of mammals (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, monkey) by means of a modified peroxidase antiperoxidase technique, using antiserotonin antiserum prepared in our laboratory. SEF were present in all ventricular systems, except on the third ventricle floor and in the choroid plexus. The density of SEF was higher in the smaller species. In the rat, light- and scanning electron microscopical SEF were almost completely abolished 1 week after intraventricular administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Ramification of SEF was complicated; the SEF formed a true network with frequent anastomosing. In the ventricular system of rats rendered hydrocephalic by kaolin administration, the mode of axonal branching in the supraependymal plexus could best be analyzed by the scanning electron microscope because the meshes of the plexus were spread out.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to protein in the post-hypoxic cerebral edema of the rat.

The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to protein was studied in the post-hypoxic cerebral edema of rats, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer protein. Under halothane anesthesia, HRP was injected intravenously. Then the animals were exposed to hypoxic-ischemia by inhalation of 5% oxygen in nitrogen and temporary occlusion of the left common carotid artery for 10-30 min. Twenty-four, 48 or 72 h after the hypoxic experiments, the animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and their body tissues were fixed by perfusion with a mixture of glutaraldehyde and p-formaldehyde before the autopsy. No brain edema was observed in the animals exposed to hypoxia for 10 min, but the animals exposed to hypoxia for 20-30 min revealed a left hemispheric brain edema. The brain was immediately immersed in the same fixatives, and then sectioned with a cryostat. The sections were stained histochemically according to the method of Graham and Karnovsky (1966) to identify the distribution of the HRP. HRP was not found even in the edematous hemisphere. In this type of brain edema, it is suggested that there was no acceleration of permeability of blood-brain barrier to serum proteins whose molecular weights were larger than HRP, and therefore it would have no causative relationship with the production of brain edema.

Animals↗