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Biomedical subjects

K Umegaki

Publications and source records attributed to K Umegaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Folate intakes and folate biomarker profiles of pregnant Japanese women in the first trimester.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the status of dietary folate intake, serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate, and related nutritional biomarkers in healthy Japanese women in early pregnancy. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, observational study. SUBJECTS: Pregnant women in the first trimester, at 7-15 weeks gestation (n=70), who were not consuming any folate supplements or folate fortified foods. METHODS: Three-day dietary records were obtained from each subject to assess dietary folate intake. Blood samples were collected for measurement of biomarkers. Biomarkers and nutrient intake were analyzed in two groups defined by their serum folate concentrations: the low folate group (serum folate < 9 ng/ml) and the high folate group (serum folate > or = 9 ng/ml). RESULT: Mean serum and RBC folate concentrations in all subjects were 10.3 and 519 ng/ml, respectively. These levels were remarkably higher than the reported values from many other countries despite our subjects receiving no folic acids supplements. However, mean folate intake by our subjects from natural foods was 289 microg/day, which is thought to be low according to the Japanese dietary recommendation specified for pregnant women. The intake of spinach and fruits was significantly greater in the high folate group than in the low folate group. CONCLUSION: Folate intake was thought to be adequate to maintain a desirable level of serum folate concentration in Japanese pregnant women in the first trimester, although the intake of folate from natural food was not high enough to meet the recommended daily intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effects of short-term folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in young Japanese male subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of short-term folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in young Japanese male subjects. DESIGN: In a double blind, randomized controlled trial. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups and received a placebo (control group), 800 microg/day folic acid (FA group), 8.4 mg/day riboflavin (R group), or both (FAR group) for 2 weeks. SETTING: Tokyo, Japan. SUBJECTS: In total, 32 healthy male volunteers aged 20-29 years. RESULTS: At the end of the 2 week supplementation period, the tHcy concentration decreased significantly in the FA group. Serum folate concentrations had increased between 2.7 and 2.0-fold in the FA and FAR groups, respectively, but the mean within-group changes in serum folate and plasma tHcy concentrations did not differ between these two groups. At the end of the study, alanine amino transferase was decreased in the R and FAR groups, while alanine amino transferase was increased in the FA group. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with folic acid, 800 microg/day, for 2 weeks, increased the serum and red blood cell folate concentrations and decreased the plasma tHcy concentrations in healthy young male subjects. Riboflavin supplementation may have blunted the effect of folic acid, which resulted in a diminished reduction of tHcy in our subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The relation between single/double or repeated tea catechin ingestions and plasma antioxidant activity in humans.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of single/double or repeated intake of a normal amount of tea catechin on plasma catechin concentrations and antioxidant activity in young women. DESIGN: First, after an overnight fast, five healthy subjects were given water or single/double dose(s) of tea polyphenol extract (164 mg tea catechins containing 61% epigallocatechin gallate in 190 ml water). Blood samples were taken before and 30, 60 and 180 min after the ingestion. Second, 16 healthy subjects ingested the tea polyphenol extract three times a day at mealtimes for 7 days followed by withdrawal of tea polyphenol extract for 7 days. Blood samples were taken before and after ingestion, and 7 days after the withdrawal of tea catechin. Subjects were prohibited from drinking any beverages containing polyphenols or antioxidant supplements during the study period. Catechin and other antioxidant concentrations in the plasma were measured, and changes in antioxidant activity were evaluated by ferric reducing ability of plasma assay. RESULTS: Single/double ingestion of tea polyphenol extract did not cause an increase in the antioxidant activity. There was no also change in antioxidant activity after the ingestion of tea polyphenol extract for 7 days. Plasma-free epigallocatechin gallate concentration remained at the pre-study level; however, the plasma FRAP value decreased significantly at 7 days after the withdrawal of tea polyphenol extract. Decreases in endogenous antioxidants in the plasma, including vitamin C and bilirubin, were also observed 7 days after withdrawal of tea polyphenol. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that continuous daily intake of tea catechins affects the concentrations of endogenous antioxidants in the plasma and has the potential to maintain total antioxidant activity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Enhanced oxidative damage induced by total body irradiation in mice fed a low protein diet.

PURPOSE: To examine the influence of the level of dietary protein on oxidative damage to lipid and protein in the liver and on chromosomal damage in the bone marrow after total body irradiation (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male mice were fed a low (7%), basal (20%) or high (33%) protein diet for 3 weeks, and then received TBI at a dose of 0, 0.5 or 1 Gy. Chromosomal damage in the bone marrow was evaluated by determining the proportion of micronucleated reticulocytes in peripheral blood. Oxidative damage in the liver and plasma, and chromosomal damage in the bone marrow were evaluated on day 2 after TBI. RESULTS: The levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in the liver, lipid peroxides in the plasma, and chromosomal damage in the bone marrow, did not differ among the groups that did not receive TBI. However, the oxidative damage to lipid and protein in the liver, and the level of lipid peroxides in the plasma were increased by TBI only in the low protein group. Chromosomal damage in the bone marrow was increased by TBI in a dose-dependent manner, and the damage was consistently higher in the low protein group than in the basal and high protein groups. In the low protein group, a greater decrease of the relative spleen weight by TBI was also observed. The concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin C, E and GSH) in the liver were lower, and the concentration of non-heme iron in the liver was higher in the low protein group than in the basal and high protein groups. The TBI-induced increase in the level of plasma iron was greater in the low protein group. CONCLUSIONS: Mice fed a low protein diet became susceptible to TBI-induced oxidative damage, and a decrease in antioxidants and an increase in iron are involved in the mechanism of this susceptibility.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Different onsets of oxidative damage to DNA and lipids in bone marrow and liver in rats given total body irradiation.

We examined time-dependent changes in antioxidant vitamins and oxidative damage to DNA and lipids in the bone marrow, liver, and plasma of rats given total body irradiation (TBI) with X-rays at 3 Gy. The oxidative damage to DNA and lipids was evaluated by measuring increases of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in DNA and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), respectively. After the TBI, marked increases in 8OHdG and HNE were detected at 3 to 5 h in the bone marrow, while gradual increases in these parameters were detected after a few days in the liver. These changes in 8OHdG and HNE were well correlated within each tissue. In the bone marrow, levels of both vitamin C and vitamin E were decreased by the TBI; however, the changes in vitamin C were earlier and greater than those in vitamin E. In the liver, the level of vitamin C did not decrease, but that of vitamin E decreased due to the TBI. Changes in HNE, vitamin C, and vitamin E in the plasma were similar to those in the liver. Within each tissue, the time of decrease in antioxidants was almost the same as that of the increase in oxidative damage. An increase in total iron due to the TBI was also detected in these tissues. In particular, the total iron in the bone marrow was markedly increased at a few hours after the TBI, with a slight increase in transferrin and no increase in ferritin. Exposure studies performed on cells or isolated DNA showed that an increase in 8OHdG was detected immediately after irradiation at more than 100 Gy in bone marrow cells and at less than 10 Gy in isolated DNA, suggesting that an increase in 8OHdG is undetectable even in bone marrow immediately after the TBI at 3 Gy. These results indicate that the onset of oxidative damage to DNA and lipids was delayed after TBI at 3 Gy, that it was quite different in the bone marrow and the liver, and that an increase in iron and decrease in antioxidant vitamins were involved in the mechanism of oxidative damage.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2001

Ginkgo biloba extract-induced relaxation of rat aorta is associated with increase in endothelial intracellular calcium level.

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been used clinically for improving peripheral vascular diseases in France and Germany. In the present study, to clarify the pharmacological properties of vasodilation produced by GBE, we examined the effect of GBE and quercetin, one of the ingredients in GBE, on the thoracic aorta isolated from Wistar rats. GBE produced a dose-dependent relaxation in the aortic ring precontracted with noradrenaline, and the relaxation was abolished by L-N(G)-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Quercetin produced a similar relaxation, which was also abolished by L-NAME. We then examined the effects of GBE and quercetin on the intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i) of cultured aortic endothelial cells using a fluorescent confocal microscopic imaging system. Both GBE and quercetin produced significant increases in [Ca2+]i in the endothelial cells. The increase in [Ca2+]i by quercetin (10(-6) M) was abolished by removing the extracellular Ca2+, but was not affected by thapsigargin, a calcium pump inhibitor. These findings suggest that a principal ingredient of GBE producing vasodilation is quercetin, which can activate nitric oxide synthesis and release by increasing [Ca2+]i in vascular endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation-increased oxidative damage in bone marrow DNA in aged rats and its relation to antioxidant vitamins.

We compared the influence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on oxidative DNA damage in bone marrow between young and aged rats. As a marker of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNA was analyzed. Young (5-week-old) and aged (100-week-old) female Wistar rats were given DHA (300mg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle (control) orally for 12 weeks. The 8-OHdG in the bone marrow in the aged DHA group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Vitamin E concentrations, however, did not differ among the groups regardless of the DHA supplementation. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) concentrations in the aged control group were approximately 1/2 those in the young control group. The concentrations of vitamin C tended to be higher in the young DHA group and lower in the aged DHA group when compared to their respective control groups. Changes in the concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin E in plasma were similar to those in the bone marrow. The activity of hepatic l-gulono- gamma -lactone oxidase, an enzyme responsible for vitamin C synthesis, corresponded well to the concentrations of vitamin C in the bone marrow and the plasma. These results suggest that in aged rats, but not young rats, excess supplementation of DHA induces oxidative DNA damage in bone marrow and that the decrease in vitamin C synthesis in aged rats is involved in the mechanisms of DNA damage.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2001

Tea catechins prevent the development of atherosclerosis in apoprotein E-deficient mice.

Green tea contains various antioxidative flavan-3ols (tea catechins), such as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg, the major catechin), which exert potent inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation in vitro and ex vivo in humans. In this study, the antiatherogenic effects of tea catechins were examined in atherosclerosis-susceptible C57BL/6J, apoprotein (apo)E-deficient mice. Male apoE-deficient mice (10 wk old) were fed an atherogenic diet for 14 wk; during that time, one group (tea) was supplied drinking water supplemented with green tea extract (0.8 g/L), and another group (control) was offered the vehicle only. The tea extract consisted of the following (g/100 g): EGCg, 58.4; (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), 11.7; (-)-epicatechin (EC), 6.6; (-)-gallocatechingallate (GCg), 1.6; (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), 0.5; and caffeine, 0.4. The estimated actual intake of tea catechin was 1.7 mg/(d. mouse). Tea ingestion did not influence plasma cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. Plasma lipid peroxides were reduced in the tea group at wk 8, suggesting that the in vivo oxidative state is improved by tea ingestion. Atheromatous areas in the aorta from the arch to the femoral bifurcation and aortic weights were both significantly attenuated by 23% in the tea group compared with the control group. Aortic cholesterol and triglyceride contents were 27 and 50% lower, respectively, in the tea group than in the control group. These results suggest that chronic ingestion of tea extract prevents the development of atherosclerosis without changing the plasma lipid level in apoE-deficient mice, probably through the potent antioxidative activity of the tea.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Disturbance of circadian rhythm in heart rate, blood pressure and locomotive activity at the stroke-onset in malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (M-SHRSP), separated from SHRSP, develop severe hypertension and spontaneously develop stroke at early ages. Using this model of cerebrovascular stroke, influence of stroke-onset on the autonomic nervous system was investigated. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) and locomotive activity were monitored during development of stroke using a telemetry system. Stroke-onset was assessed by neurologic symptoms, changes in body weight, fluid intake and serum NOx level. The rat displayed a nocturnal pattern of circadian rhythms. At stroke-onset, mean HR over 24 h increased by 20 to 30 bpm and rapidly increased at post stroke, approximately 100 bpm higher than that at pre stroke. Circadian variation in HR, which was normally 50 bpm higher during night than during day, attenuated at stroke-onset, and it was blunted or reversed at post stroke. BP variation, which was approximately 7 mmHg higher at night than at day, decreased one or two days before stroke-onset and reversed at post stroke, especially in DBP. Insufficient falls in HR and BP during the day mainly accounted for the disturbed circadian variations. Variation of locomotive activity also decreased. These changes serve as reliable and accurate markers for stroke-onset in evaluation of drugs for the prevention and outcome predictions of stroke.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Analytical method of measuring tea catechins in human plasma by solid-phase extraction and HPLC with electrochemical detection.

We developed an analytical method for measuring tea catechins in plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE), followed by HPLC with a coulometric electrochemical detector. The plasma was mixed with an equal volume of acetonitrile to precipitate protein, and catechins in the resulting supernatant were extracted by SPE, using a C18 cartridge. To correct the extraction efficiency, ethyl gallate was simultaneously added with acetonitrile as an internal standard. Plasma samples were treated in microtubes, and evaporation and SPE were performed by the use of a vacuum centrifuge and vacuum manifold for SPE. The use of these instruments allowed the handling of a large number of samples simultaneously. In this method, (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (ECg), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg), and ethyl gallate could be detected as a single peak with high sensitivity. For an analysis of the conjugated form of catechins, plasma samples were treated with glucuronidase and sulfatase. Type H-2 beta-glucuronidase effectively digested the conjugated forms, and the enzyme also converted EGCg and ECg to their nongallated form. When the concentrations of catechins in plasma were analyzed in subjects who took a single dose of catechin liquid, the concentration of free EGCg in plasma reached a maximum of 300 nM at 1 h after intake; those of the other free form of catechins increased only slightly after the intake. The concentration of total catechins (free+conjugated forms) in plasma increased up to 2 h after the intake.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Comparison of photometric, electrochemical and post-column fluorescence detection for the determination of flavonoids by HPLC].

For the analysis of flavonoids by HPLC, we compared three different detection methods, namely UV, electrochemical detection and post-column chelation with aluminum followed by fluorescence detection. Ten flavonoids were used: apigenin, myricetin, luteorin, taxifolin, quercetin-3-O-sulfate, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, isoquercitrin, quercetin and rutin. Nine flavonoids except apigenin were efficiently detected by the electrochemical method with a detection limit of 0.025-0.05 pmol. Flavonols having free 3-hydroxyl and 4-keto oxygen formed a fluorescent complex by post-column chelation and were detected by the fluorescence method. The detection limit of the fluorescence method was 0.05-0.5 pmol. Nine flavonoids except taxifolin were detected by the UV method (absorbance at 370 nm), but the detection level was poor (5-10 pmol). Flavonols added to human plasma were recovered by solid phase extraction, and were analyzed using the three detection methods. Most of the flavonols were efficiently detected by the electrochemical and fluorescence methods, and the detection limits were similar to those of standard samples.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Difference in effective dosage of genistein on bone and uterus in ovariectomized mice.

Phytoestrogen including soybean isoflavones has structural similarity to estrogen and exhibits beneficial effects on bone tissue to protect against bone loss under estrogen-deficient conditions. Recent studies also indicate a possible action of isoflavones as endocrine disrupters in reproductive tissues. In this study, we administered various dosages of genistein to ovariectomized (OVX) mice, and compared the effective dosages of genistein on bone and uterus. Treatment with genistein at 0.7 mg/day prevented trabecular bone loss in OVX mice without hypertrophic effects on the uterus, while administration of 5 mg/day of genistein induced uterine hypertrophy. The serum levels of genistein in OVX mice treated with 0.7 mg/day and 5 mg/day were 3-fold (1.3 nmol/ml) and 50-fold (20.4 nmol/ml) higher than that in OVX mice. These results suggest that there is a marked difference between genistein dosages that protect against bone loss and those that induce uterine hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Green tea polyphenols (flavan 3-ols) prevent oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins: an ex vivo study in humans.

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays crucial roles in atherogenesis. We previously reported that green tea polyphenols (flavan 3-ols), especially epigallocatechingallate (EGCg) and epicatechingallate, exerted potent inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation in vitro. To examine whether intake of green tea polyphenols renders LDL resistant to ex vivo oxidation in humans, 22 male volunteers aged between 22 and 32 years were recruited and assigned the same dietary regimen for 2 weeks. After a 1-week baseline period, they were equally divided into two groups: control and tea. The tea group ingested 300 mg of green tea polyphenol extract twice daily for 1 week. Plasma EGCg concentration at the end of the experiment was 56 nmol/L on average (56% in free form) in the tea group; no EGCg was detected before the experiment. Plasma concentrations of lipids, ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, and lipid peroxides did not change before and after the experiment in either group, but beta-carotene was higher in the tea group (P< 0.01 by paired Student'st-test). LDL (0.1 mg/mL) was incubated with 5 microM Cu(2+) and the oxidation was measured by absorbance at 234 nm. The lag time was significantly prolonged by 13.7 min in the tea group (P < 0.05 by paired Student'st-test, before versus after), whereas such a change was not observed in the control group. These results suggest that daily consumption of seven to eight cups (approximately 100 mL each cup) of green tea may increase resistance of LDL to in vivo oxidation, leading to reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates the development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats.

1. We examined the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the development of hypertension, platelet activation and renal dysfunction in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Both DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and normotensive rats were fed a 2% GBE diet for 20 days. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by two methods, namely by the tail-cuff and telemetry methods. 2. Development of hypertension was attenuated in rats fed a 2% GBE diet. In addition, an increase in heart weight, an indicator of sustained high BP, was inhibited significantly by feeding of the GBE diet. 3. Decreases in 5-hydroxytryptamine content in platelets, a marker of platelet activation in vivo associated with hypertension, were also prevented by feeding of the GBE diet. Ginkgo biloba extract itself did not inhibit ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation examined in vitro. Feeding of the GBE diet tended to inhibit increases in plasma urea nitrogen due to hypertension. 4. The telemetry study demonstrated that BP and heart rate (HR) showed a clear circadian rhythm and the antihypertensive effect of GBE was prominent in the daytime, a resting period for rats. This anti-hypertensive effect of GBE was not detected in normotensive rats. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of GBE on HR was independent of time and was observed in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. 5. These results indicate that GBE has an anti-hypertensive and bradycardiac action, which are time dependent and independent, respectively. Thus, it appears that the chronopharmacological action of GBE may be ascribed not to pharmacokinetic factors, but rather to a circadian susceptibility rhythm to GBE in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in WIL2-NS cells: a sensitive system to detect chromosomal damage induced by reactive oxygen species and activated human neutrophils.

We have developed a method that can detect the DNA-damaging and cytotoxic effects of physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated human neutrophils. This was achieved using WIL2-NS cells, a human B lymphoblastoid cell line, as target cells and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. With this method, we observed a 4- and a 30-fold increase in the frequency of micronucleated binucleated cells (MNed BNC) when cells were exposed to 10 and 30 microM hydrogen peroxide, for 1 h, respectively. A dose-dependent increase in the frequency of MNed BNC was also detected when cells were exposed to hypoxanthine (HX)/xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide generating system: a 50-fold increase in the frequency of MNed BNC was observed at the highest XO dose (12.5 mU/ml). In this CBMN assay, nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in BNC and necrotic cells were also readily detected, especially at the higher exposure doses of hydrogen peroxide or HX/XO. When WIL2-NS cells were exposed to neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate acetate (PMA) for 1 h, the frequencies of MNed BNC in WIL2-NS cells increased in a dose-dependent manner (30-fold increase at 100 nM PMA) and with an increasing neutrophil:WIL2-NS co-culture ratio. The frequencies of MNed BNC were closely related to the production of ROS, especially hydrogen peroxide, by the neutrophils. Differentiated HL60 cells (DMSO-treated HL60) also produced ROS in response to PMA. In this case, we used a 'Transwell' system to expose WIL2-NS cells to DMSO-treated HL60 cells, because direct contact with DMSO-treated HL60 cells impaired cell division in WIL2-NS target cells. Exposure to PMA-stimulated DMSO-treated HL60 cells resulted in a PMA dose-dependent increase in the frequency of MNed BNC in WIL2-NS cells. MNed BNC frequencies were positively correlated with NPB (r = 0.61-0.93) and necrosis (r = 0.55-0.86) and negatively correlated with nuclear division index (r = -0.72 to -0. 91) in all of the above experiments. These results suggest that the CBMN assay using WIL2-NS cells is a sensitive assay system to examine ROS-induced chromosomal damage and necrosis by activated human neutrophils.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1999

Increases in 4-hydroxynonenal and hexanal in bone marrow of rats subjected to total body X-ray irradiation: association with antioxidant vitamins.

Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and its association with antioxidant vitamins in the bone marrow (BM), of rats subjected to total body irradiation (TBI) of X-rays at a dose of 3 Gy was investigated. The concentration of vitamin C in the BM decreased at 4 h, and reached about 2% of the control level at 24 h after irradiation. The concentration of vitamin E in the BM also decreased to 43% at 24 h. Corresponding to the decrease in vitamin E concentration, the concentration of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in the BM increased 2.5-fold at 24 h. Similarly, increases in the concentrations of hexanal and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) were detected in the BM. In the plasma, these parameters of lipid peroxidation were unchanged up to 48 h, but were increased at 96 h after irradiation. Four days of vitamin E administration to rats (p.o. 460 mg/kg body weight) prior to the 3 Gy X-irradiation increased the vitamin E concentration in the BM to 1.3-fold the control level, but did not attenuate the increases in HNE and hexanal in the BM. The slight accumulation of vitamin E in the BM as a result of the vitamin E treatment may be partly related to this lack of vitamin E effect.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1999

Effects of sodium alginate and fish oil to reduce trichloroethylene accumulation in rats.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary sodium alginate and fish oil on bodily accumulated trichloroethylene (TCE), which has been widely used as a halogenated solvent and is metabolized at a high rate. Each of three groups of rats was fed on either of diets containing cellulose-soybean oil (control), Na-alginate-soybean oil or cellulose-fish oil for 3 wk, and thereafter given a single oral dose of TCE (100 mg (0.76 mmol)/rat). TCE levels in the blood were monitored for 10 h after the administration of TCE. The peak concentrations of TCE in the blood tended to be higher in the alginate and fish oil groups as compared with those in the cellulose-soybean oil group, but not to a significant extent. TCE concentrations in the liver, kidney, brain and the three fat tissues (epididymal, perirenal and subcutaneous) were significantly lower in the alginate and fish oil groups than in the cellulose-soybean oil group. Fat tissue weights were also lower in the alginate group and fish oil group. The hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes could not account for the remarkable decreases of residual TCE contents in the alginate and fish oil groups. These findings indicate that the metabolism and excretion of TCE might be accelerated in animals with reduced fat tissue mass.

Adipose Tissue↗