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Biomedical subjects

K Ueda

Publications and source records attributed to K Ueda.

At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of acetazolamide on barbiturate-induced sleeping time in mice. III. Pharmacokinetics of serum elimination and brain distribution.

Effects of acetazolamide (AZA) on the serum elimination and brain distribution of barbital (BA), phenobarbital (PHB), pentobarbital (PEB) and hexobarbital (HB) were studied in mice. When the barbiturates were administered intraperitoneally to mice, the pretreatment of AZA reduced the serum BA and PHB levels, and significantly increased these brain levels. While relatively small and no effects of AZA were observed for the PEB and HB levels, respectively. After the intravenous administration, the serum elimination of these barbiturates were described by the two compartment model. Although the pretreatment of AZA tended to increase the volumes of central compartment and decrease the elimination rate constants for BA, PHB and PEB, the elevated brain levels of the barbiturates could not be explained as the simulated peripheral concentrations. However, it appeared that the prolongation effect of AZA on the BA, PHB and PEB sleeps in mice was associated with the elevated brain barbiturate levels with AZA.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1983

A new method for quantitative analysis of thallium-201 myocardial image-"corrected" circumferential profile method.

A new method for computer-assisted quantitative analysis of a thallium (Tl)-201 myocardial image ("corrected" circumferential profile method) was described. Since the Tl-201 myocardial image of a normal subject is not homogeneous, an attempt was made to correct for this non-homogeneity. Three groups of subjects were studied, including 10 normal volunteers (group A, mean age of 27.5 years), 14 patients with atypical chest pain and normal coronary arteriogram (group B, mean age of 56.7 years) and 16 patients with first transmural myocardial infarction (group C, mean age of 71.0 years). The myocardial images were acquired at rest at anterior, left anterior oblique (30 degrees and 60 degrees) and left lateral projections. With a scintigram, the left ventricle was outlined and divided into 24 radial segments by radii drawn from the center of the left ventricle. Average radioactivity per pixel in normal subjects was obtained in each segment and normalized to the highest segment (= 100%). The ratio of 100% to the mean of normalized radioactivity in percent in each segment from 10 normal volunteers was calculated and designated as a correction factor for each segment. After the correction of average radioactivity per pixel in each segment using this correction factor and after relating it to the highest radioactive segment, the mean (= 100%) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated and (100-4SD)% was defined as the normal lower limit. In the scintigram of groups B and C, "corrected" circumferential profiles were obtained from the regional radioactivity multiplied by the correction factor, normalized to the highest segment (100%) and compared with the lower normal limit. The ratio (%) of the area of patient's circumferential profile curve below the normal limit to the total area below the normal limit was obtained at each view and the sum of them was called the total "corrected" defect score. Infarct size analyzed by the "corrected" circumferential profile method correlated well with that analyzed by visual interpretation, and was useful in differentiating group C from group B.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sudden unexpected deaths in a Japanese community--Hisayama study.

Six hundred and fifty-eight autopsy cases of both sexes in a general population of Hisayama town (autopsy rate 85%) were examined to determine the frequency and causes of sudden and unexpected death. Seventy-three sudden deaths (11.1%) were identified when sudden death was defined as death occurring within 24 hours after the onset of clinical symptoms. Thirty-nine deaths (54%) were due to intracranial hemorrhage (cerebral and subarachnoid) and 17 (23%) were due to coronary heart disease. An instantaneous death occurred within one hour was observed in 20 of the 73 cases (27%), of which 8 were attributed to coronary heart disease (40%) and one (0.5%) to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pathologic evidence of recent myocardial infarcts or coronary thrombosis was found less frequently in cases who died within one hour than in those who died between one and 24 hours. An annual incidence of sudden death due to various etiologies, calculated from the population study on Hisayama residents who were aged 40 or over, was 1.7/1,000. Deaths from coronary heart disease in this community were much less common as compared with those reported in Western communities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Congenital rubella syndrome: function of equilibrium of 80 cases with deafness.

The equilibrium function of 80 deaf children with congenital rubella syndrome, aged 12, was examined by the caloric and righting reflex tests. Of these 80 children, 24 (30%) had vestibular hypofunction, 6 (7.5%) were suspect, and the remaining 50 (62.5%) were normal. Of all 160 ears tested, vestibular hypofunction was proven in 21.3%, suspect in 5.6%, and normal in the rest. There was no correlation between the incidence of vestibular hypofunction and the degree of hearing loss. Of the 30 children with vestibular hypofunction, 14 (47%) showed a normal righting reflex, suggesting the working of a compensatory mechanism. Of the 50 children with normal caloric responses, 26% revealed an abnormal righting reflex. This discrepancy might be accounted for by an otolith organ injury or minimal brain dysfunction.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1983

Effect of orally administered hydralazine on neurohumoral factors and hemodynamic response in aged patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

We studied the hemodynamic response to orally administered hydralazine (30 mg) and examined the changes in neurohumoral factors in 16 aged patients with chronic congestive heart failure. After a single 30 mg dose, 9 patients (Group I) demonstrated a greater than 30% decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and a significant increase in the cardiac index (CI); 7 patients, whose SVR was decreased by less than 30% (Group II), showed a less marked increase in CI. After 3 days of drug administration (90 mg/day), the CI decreased in Group I (p less than 0.05) while it tended to increase further in Group II. Pretreatment plasma norepinephrine was lower in Group I than Group II (p less than 0.05). However, in Group I, it increased after 3 days of therapy, with a concomitant increase in plasma renin activity (p less than 0.01) and total plasma volume (P less than 0.025). We conclude that the higher pretreatment plasma norepinephrine level in Group II, suggestive of more severe derangement of left ventricular function, may be associated with a less pronounced dilatory response of the peripheral vasculature after a single dose of hydralazine, and that the increase in norepinephrine in Group I after 3 days of treatment may limit these patients' late hemodynamic responses to the drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Extrathoracically adjustable pulmonary artery banding.

A new technique of adjustable pulmonary artery banding is presented. A tourniquet system has been used in eight consecutive infants with complex congenital cardiac anomalies during the past 2 years. They had severe congestive heart failure, and six of them required inotropic support preoperatively. All survived the banding procedure and there were no hospital deaths. Four of the eight infants required additional adjustment of the band to improve hypoxemia or persistent congestive heart failure 3 hours to 4 months postoperatively. Each adjustment was made easily via a small skin incision without thoracotomy. This technique allows fine adjustment by gentle and delicate tightening and loosening of the band during and after operation, so that the technique avoids most mortality and morbidity related to an inappropriate banding and brings satisfactory symptomatic palliation.

Cardiotonic Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Case of synovial sarcoma in an infant].

The case of a 4-month old boy with monophasic synovial sarcoma of the left thigh is reported. He died of pulmonary metastasis 11 months after surgical removal of the primary tumor. Histologically, the tumor was composed of densely packed, small spindle cells; there were occasional islands and clusters of polygonal cells. Ultrastructurally, the closely packed polygonal cells displayed occasional desmosomelike attachments between apposing cytoplasmic membranes of neighboring cells. Many small abortive duct-like intercellular spaces with elongated cytoplasmic filopodias were seen. These findings were suggestive of epithelial differentiation of some of the tumor cells. In general, synovial sarcoma is a disease of young adults and is rare in children.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

Properties of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase and ADP-ribosyl histone splitting enzyme.

Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase catalyzes initiation, elongation, and branching of poly(ADP-ribose) on various acceptor proteins including itself. The automodification took place at about 15 sites on the synthetase molecule of rat liver; at each site was bound poly(ADP-ribose) as large as greater than 80 ADP-ribose units long with branched structures. Such extensive automodification accompanied a marked increase in the apparent Mr (to greater than 500,000) of the synthetase. Based on this unique property, the synthetase was identified as the main acceptor of poly(ADP-ribose) in isolated nuclei and permeabilized cells. The enzyme-bound poly(ADP-ribose) was not transferred to histone under the various conditions tested. These results suggested that the automodified enzyme does not serve as an intermediate in the modification of other proteins, but plays some biological role(s) as a structural element. ADP-ribosyl histone splitting enzyme, an enzyme responsible for the cleavage of ADP-ribose-protein bonds, was purified 5,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from rat liver. The purified enzyme was composed of a single polypeptide of Mr approximately equal to 80,000. The substrate specificity was broad for the protein portion, but strict for the ADP-ribose portion; only mono(ADP-ribosyl) proteins served as the substrates. The splitting reaction appeared to proceed by a non-hydrolytic mechanism producing a derivative of ADP-ribose with an altered terminal ribose.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1983

Aberration of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) metabolism in human colon adenomatous polyps and cancers.

The activities of three principal enzymes engaged in the biosynthesis and degradation of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) [poly(ADP-ribose)] were examined in cell nuclei isolated from adenomatous polyps (tubular adenomas of familial polyposis coli, villous adenoma, and tubulovillous adenoma), cancers, and normal mucosa of human colon. The activities of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in adenomatous polyps [161 +/- 46 (S.E.) pmol/min/mg DNA] and cancers (114 +/- 32 pmol/min/mg DNA) were, on an average, about 3 and 2 times, respectively, higher than those in normal mucosa (52 +/- 24 pmol/min/mg DNA); the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The activity of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase was also significantly high in adenomatous polyps (13.0 +/- 3.4 nmol/min/mg DNA), but not in cancers (10.1 +/- 2.5 nmol/min/mg DNA), compared with normal mucosa (5.2 +/- 1.4 nmol/min/mg DNA) (p less than 0.001). The activity of ADP-ribosyl protein lyase, in contrast, was lower in adenomatous polyps (152 +/- 40 pmol/min/mg DNA) than in normal mucosa (345 +/- 111 pmol/min/mg DNA) and cancers (288 +/- 80 pmol/min/mg DNA) (p less than 0.001). Analyses of reaction products with snake venom phosphodiesterase digestion revealed that poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized in nuclei of normal mucosa, adenomatous polyps, and cancers had the average chain lengths of 2.9, 1.7, and 9.7 ADP-ribose units, respectively. Based upon these values and total amounts of ADP-ribose incorporated, the amount of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized per mg DNA in 30 min was calculated as 308, 1510, and 106 pmol in the above three types of colon tissues, respectively. These results suggested that a larger amount of monomers and short oligomers of ADP-ribose was synthesized in adenomatous polyps, while a smaller number of longer polymers was produced in cancers as compared with normal mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis of these tissues using anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibody supported this view.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

H-2 I region restriction phenomenon in T cell-dependent granuloma formation to Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

We examined the involvement of the T cell recognition system in hepatic granuloma formation in nude mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and subsequently injected with spleen cells. After syngeneic spleen cell transfer, granuloma was seen in nude mouse strains of several different genetic backgrounds. When allogeneic spleen cells were transferred, only those from mice that were H-2 I-region compatible with the recipients induced granuloma formation. Adoptive transfer of BCG-immunized spleen cells to splenectomized BCG-infected nude mice also showed H-2 K-end restriction. The effect of graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction on the generation of immune T cells was examined by time course observations after transfer of H-2-compatible and -incompatible allogeneic spleen cells and by cotransferring allogeneic and syngeneic spleen cells. Under these conditions, H-2-compatible sensitized T cells were generated. The fate of completely allogeneic T cells in nude mice was examined by double transfer experiments. Allogeneic spleen cells were recovered 3, but not 8 or more, days after the transfer.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1981)].

During the period from September 1981 to March 1982, 363 bacterial isolates were obtained as possible pathogens from 311 patients with lower respiratory tract infections at 12 medical institutions in Japan. Of these clinical isolates, mostly from the sputum, a total of 231 isolates including 19 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 33 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 90 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 65 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 17 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 7 strains of Escherichia coli were tested in vitro for minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 17 antimicrobial agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibility distribution and cumulative percentages of inhibited isolates by increasing concentrations of drugs were determined. The data were further analyzed to investigate the interrelation between such parameters as the age-distribution of patients by diseases of the respiratory system, sex and types of infection and the species and frequency of isolation of the organisms, and also the relationship between the antimicrobial chemotherapy prior to collection of clinical specimens and the species and incidence of the bacterial isolates. In respiratory infections, it is frequently that chemotherapy should be instituted with an appropriate drug even before the causative organism can be identified and assessed for its antimicrobial susceptibility. The present data may provide valuable informations in selecting appropriate drugs in practical, clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[A case of carcinoma of the bladder diverticulum].

Carcinoma of the bladder diverticulum is a relatively rare disease. However, its preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Also, infiltration occurs easily because the diverticulum wall is thin, and prognosis is said to be relatively poor. Histologically, the occurrence rate of squamous cell carcinoma is markedly high. We have experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder diverticulum occurring simultaneously with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder; and, report this case along with a review of the literature. The patient, a 79-year-old male, had sudden macroscopic hematuria on December 15, 1980, and went to the urology department of a separate hospital. IVU showed distortion of the right ureter, and the patient was referred to our hospital. Cystoscopy revealed a diverticulum in the right wall of the bladder. In the posterior wall of the bladder 2 papillary sessile tumors were also detected. Pathological diagnosis by cold punch biopsy done after the patient was admitted to hospital revealed a grade III transitional cell carcinoma. Total cystectomy + bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy was performed. The diverticulum was in the right wall of the bladder and a papillary sessile tumor with a diameter of 4 cm was found in the diverticulum. A papillary sessile tumor 2 cm in diameter was found in the left bladder wall. Histopathological diagnosis of the tumor in the diverticulum was squamous cell carcinoma ( pG2 , pT3b , ly1, v(-) INF beta) and that of the tumor in the bladder was transitional cell carcinoma ( ( pG3 , pT2 , ly1, v(-), INF gamma).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗