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Biomedical subjects

K Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to K Uchida.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serum, fecal and urinary bile acids in patients with mild and advanced liver cirrhosis.

The levels and compositions of bile acids in the serum, feces and urine were determined by gas chromatography in male patients with mild and advanced stages of liver cirrhosis, defined by usual clinical and laboratory criteria. Increased concentrations of serum bile acids, a decreased ratio of serum cholic acid plus deoxycholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid plus lithocholic acid, a reduction of fecal bile acids, especially deoxycholic acid, and a reduction in total daily excretion of bile acids were found in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Furthermore, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid, a presumed intermediate in the alternate pathway of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis, was found in the urine of patients with very advanced cirrhosis. Such changes were absent in patients with mild cirrhosis except for increased concentration of serum bile acids and decreased excretion of total bile acids. The present study suggests that marked changes in bile acid metabolism occur only in advanced cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The mechanism of the lipolytic action of theophylline in fat cells.

The lipolytic action of theophylline was examined using both intact fat cells and a fat globule system. Theophylline had similar lipolytic actions in both systems. However theophylline did not activate hormone-sensitive lipase in the fat globule system as measured with added Ediol. Pretreatment of the fat globules with phospholipase C suppressed theophylline-induced lipolysis, but phospholipase D had no effect. A theophylline-sensitive system was reconstituted from endogenous fat and a lipase fraction. Inhibitors of theophylline-induced lipolysis such as quinine and propranolol inhibited theophylline binding to artificial lipid micelles. Purine nucleosides such as adenosine, inosine and guanosine inhibited theophylline-induced lipolysis in the fat globule system. These results suggest that theophylline has a lipolytic action similar to that of adrenaline. Both share a lipolytic mechanism additional to that involving the activation of hormone sensitive lipase through the cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase. Phospholipids play an important role in this additional mechanism.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II in sodium-restricted elderly subjects with essential hypertension.

The plasma aldosterone (PA) response to sodium restriction (25 mEq daily for 4 days) and to graded infusions of angiotensin II (AII, 2, 4 and 8 ng/kg/min each for 30 min) during a low-sodium intake were studied in 15 elderly subjects with mild essential hypertension versus 10 elderly normotensive subjects. The PA response to sodium restriction relative to changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) was estimated by the ratio of PA increment to PRA increment after sodium restriction (delta PA/delta PRA). THe PA response to graded AII infusions was determined by the increment of PA above the basal level after each dose of AII. In 10 of the 15 elderly hypertensive subjects whose PRAs responded normally to sodium restriction, the delta PA/delta PRA ratios and PA increments during the graded AII infusions were similar to those in the elderly normotensive subjects. However, in the remaining 5 elderly hypertensive subjects whose PRAs responded subnormally to sodium restriction, the delta PA/delta PRA ratios were high and the PA increments greater during the graded AII infusions. THe increments of mean blood pressure during the graded AII infusions were similar in the foregoing 10 of 15 hypertensive subjects, and significantly greater during the AII infusion rates of 4 and 8 ng/kg/min in the remaining 5 hypertensive subjects when compared with those in the normotensive subjects. Apparently some subjects with essential hypertension, whose PRAs response subnormally to sodium restriction, have an abnormally enhanced adrenal responsiveness to AII under the conditions of low-sodium intake.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Hemodynamic effects of [Sar1, Ile8] AII, an angiotensin II analog, in the renin subgroups of essential hypertension.

Hemodynamic effects of [Sar1, Ile8] AII, an angiotensin II analog, were studied in 30 patients with essential hypertension, who were subdivided into 11 low renin, 10 normal renin and 9 high renin groups according to low, normal and high PRA values both before and after furosemide administration (80 mg, orally) plus 4 h of ambulation, respectively. [Sar1, Ile8] AII infusion (600 ng/kg/min) produced significant increases in mean blood pressure (MBP) and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) in normal renin and low renin groups and significant decreases in MBP and TPRI in high renin group, while the cardiac index and heart rate remained unchanged during the infusion in these three groups. Change in MBP at 30 min of [Sar1, Ile8] AII infusion correlated significantly with alteration in TPRI in 23 patients with essential hypertension, who completed the 30-min infusion. The response of both MBP and TPRI to [SAR1, Ile8] AII also correlated significantly with basal PRA. These results suggest that blood pressure response to [SAR1, Ile8] AII in essential hypertension is primarily due to alteration in total peripheral resistance and that direction and amplitude of the response of both MBP and TPRI are practically dependent on basal PRA levels.

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1981

Spontaneous pituitary changes and their influence on mammary glands in SD female rats.

A total of 153 female virgin Slc: SD rats aged 13 to 24 months were sacrificed for observation of various spontaneous changes in their pituitary glands. Macroscopic changes observed were swelling, congestion, cysts, and grayish white nodules. The incidence of swelling occurring without marked change decreased with age. Usually the swelling was accompanied by congestion in aged animals. Slight to moderate congestion appeared constantly in animals between the ages of 15 to 24 months, while severe congestion (hematoma) increased with age. The cysts and grayish white nodules rarely appeared. Changes observed under the microscope were diffuse proliferation, nodular hyperplasia and tumors (adenoma and adenocarcinoma) of chromophobe cells, cysts in the anterior lobe and hyperplastic pars intermedia. The incidence of diffuse proliferation decreased with age but that of nodular hyperplasia increased in rats over 21 months of age. Both changes seemed to be transitional to tumors. The tumors increased with age. Microscopically, pituitary tumors were found in 6% of macroscopically normal glands as well as in all of the glands with hematoma. All the rats with pituitary tumors had hyperplastic mammary glands, associated mostly with lactation. This suggests that spontaneous pituitary tumors have a hormonal effect on mammary glands.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

[Basic examination on the energization of experimental animal feces by methane fermentation (author's transl)].

Basic experiments of methane fermentation of livestock excreta have been reported by many investigators, yet there has been no report of experiments of methane fermentation of experimental animal feces. We considered that it would be feasible to gasiby experimental animal feces by methane fermentation. In this report, methane gas fermentation of rat feces is studied. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Methane fermentation of rat feces yielded, under the conditions described, 220-4231 of gas per kg of organic matter. 2. Decomposition ratio of BOD removal volume in organic matter was 50-60% when the fermentation condition was optimum. 3. The volume of gas from BOD removal volume in organic matter was 500-600ml/g. 4 Methane gas contents in the gas generated from the feces ranged from about 55-60%. 5. COD removal ratio was above 80%, and BOD removal ratio above 90%. From these data, the authors conclude that under the optimum conditions, described sufficient methane gas can be obtained from rat feces by methane fermentation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Manifestations of carcinoma of the uncinate process by means of superior mesenteric arteriography.

Identification of carcinoma arising in the uncinate region of the pancreas is difficult because of the peculiar topographic relationship of this lesion with adjacent structures. Among the various diagnostic procedures performed upon ten patients with this malignant lesion, superior mesenteric arteriography provided the most helpful information, including signs of invasion in the main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery and vein and in the proximal portion of the jejunal arteries. A clearer visualization of these vascular involvements was attained in the right posterior oblique projection rather than in the anteroposterior projection. On the contrary, the arterial and portal vessels belonging to the celiac territory, such as superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, dorsal pancreatic artery, gastroduodenal artery, splenic vein and portal vein, were almost free of involvement. At laparotomy, almost all of the patients had direct extension of the tumor to the superior mesenteric vessels, forming a cancerous core in the root of mesentery. All died of cachexia within six months after a palliative surgical procedure. Serial roentgenograms of superior mesenteric artery, especially taken in the oblique projection, are the best means of confirming carcinoma of the uncinate process, for which only a few available methods have been established to evaluate the clinical aspects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

[Close classification method of undetermined cases of trophoblastic disease (author's transl)].

With the improvement of recovery ratio of trophoblastic disease by means of primary chemotherapy, undetermined cases of trophoblastic diseases, whose morphological examination has not been conducted, have increased. The respective sickly constitutions of these cases are extremely complicated, and we have deviced a new close classification of these cases from clinical standpoint. For the purpose, we have chosen out the following items.: A. Major subdivision 1. Types of antecident pregnancy. 2. Duration between the antecident pregnancy and the commencement of chemotherapy. 3. Urinary hCG secretion pattern following molar pregnancy. 4. Following treatment of hydatidiform mole. B. Minor subdivision 1. Urinary hCG titer at the commencement of chemotherapy. 2. BBT pattern. 3. Chest x-ray findings. 4. PAG. 5. Clinical signs. 6. Development of focuses (clinical). 7. Necessary reasons for chemotherapy. These items are expressed respectively by figures. This close classification method is based on the combinations of these figures. The authors believe, this method will enable the easy classification of early chemotherapy examples and will present a strong key for the analysis of enormous cases.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1981

Contact patterns between cytotrophoblast and decidual cells in human implantation site.

To elucidate the mechanism of trophoblastic invasion, implantation sites removed from human uteri of early gestational stages of 7 to 10 week were investigated by electron microscopy. Almost all trophoblast cells which penetrated the fibrinoid layer and invaded into decidual tissue were cytotrophoblast cells, and abundant close-contacts between the cytotrophoblast and decidual cells were recognized in this site. The close-contact patterns which were composed of simple apposition, cytoplasmic projection from both cells and mixture of those without fusion were classified into five types. At the time of close-contact, the decidual cells showed the altered structures in various degrees, but never did they alter so strongly as to appear to have died completely. Thus, it is deduced that the influence from cytotrophoblast cells did not cause the destruction of the decidual cells but only biological inactivation of the cells. It is of great significance to the immunological problem between fetus and mother that the cytotrophoblast cells which are fetal epithelial cells can be in close-contact with decidual cells which are maternal stromal cells. Further confirmation relating to the production and transcellular transfer patterns of the information materials should be awaited in future.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1981

[An ultrastructural study of penetration and replacement process by trophoblast cell into human maternal vessel (author's transl)].

To elucidate the mechanism of trophoblastic penetration into maternal vessels and the function of the trophoblast replacing the endothelium, feto-maternal junctional zone (FMJZ) removed from human uteri in early gestational stages of 4 to 11 weeks were morphologically investigated. The trophoblast cells which can approach to or penetrate the maternal vessels and can replace the endothelial cell were only syncytiotrophoblast cells. Since microfilaments aggregated in bundle in cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast cells which are approaching to the maternal vessel inserted into dense bodies or dense patches, it is considered that the microfilaments are composed of thin filaments mainly like in smooth muscle cell. Degranulation of rER and lysosomal structure or aggregation of microfilaments are occurred in endothelial cells penetrated or closely contacted by field horsetail-like cytoplasmic processes of syncytiotrophoblast cell, respectively. It is possible that the syncytiotrophoblast cell and maternal endothelial cell have similar origin, since both cell can be in close contact with tight junction and simple apposition like intrinsic endothelial junction.

Blood Vessels↗