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Biomedical subjects

K Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to K Uchida.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Peripheral neuroblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor in Japanese black cattle.

Peripheral neuroblastoma was found in a 1-year-old, male, Japanese black cattle (Case 1) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor was noted in 7-year-old, female, Japanese black cattle (Case 2). In Case 1, neoplastic tissue was replaced the right cranial vault and nasopharynx. A large, soft mass approximately 18 cm in diameter was also observed in the right mandibulopharyngeal area. In Case 2, a neoplastic mass of about 15 cm in diameter was found in the mandibulopharyngeal area. Histopathologically, massive necrosis showing a pseudopalisade arrangement was frequently observed in Case 1. On the contrary, Homer & Wright rosette formations of tumor cells were prominent in Case 2. Immunohistochemically, the proliferating cells in Case 1 were positive for vimentin, S-100, and neurofilament (NF) and those in Case 2 showed intense immunoreactivity for NF and neuron specific enolase, but were negative for vimentin and S-100. The different degrees of differentiation of the neoplastic cells originating from the neuroectoderm, might be reflected in their different morphological and immunohistochemical features.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Mitochondrial DNA point mutation at nucleotide pair 3316 in a Japanese family with heterogeneous phenotypes of diabetes.

A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutation at nucleotide pair (np) 3316 has been reported in relation to diabetes. We recently encountered a non-obese family with this type of mutation. The proband in the affected family, a 49-year-old woman who had been previously diagnosed as having an insulin-requiring non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), was referred to our hospital for treatment of diabetic gangrene in her left foot. Her insulin secretory capacity was markedly reduced, but the insulin sensitivity evaluated by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was normal. In addition, her serum lactate level was markedly increased after a 5 min ambulation, although her serum pyruvate and ketones remained within the normal range. Twenty-year-old twin sons had been treated with insulin since the age of 7, when both were diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The proband's mother, a 68-year-old, was nondiabetic at this time. MtDNA analysis revealed a point mutation at np 3316 in all family members, which was homoplasmic for the mutation on a photograph of agarose gel electrophoresis containing ethidium bromide under ultraviolet light. This mutation seemed to be maternally transmitted in the family, and the onset of diabetes was occurring earlier and the insulin secretory capacity was declining from generation to generation, so that these findings suggest that the point mutation at np 3316 is associated with various phenotypes of diabetes.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗
PubMed1998

Hereditary angioneurotic edema and thromboembolic diseases: I: How symptoms of acute attacks change with aging.

Localized edema of the larynx and pharynx leading to death from asphyxia has long been recognized as a characteristic symptom of hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE). Long-term follow-up of younger HANE patients has revealed that transient localized acute attacks of edema affect tissues where the microcirculation maintains the blood supply. However, with aging, HANE attacks precipitate disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or multiple organ failure (MOF). Substitution with a C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) has resulted in a fulminant lethal end with a rapid and profound decrease in antithrombin-III (AT-III) activity. A possible mechanism is as follows: Exogenous stimuli activate plasma proteinase systems with the generation of plasma kallikrein that activates the tissue factor pathway (TF) and liberates bradykinin (BK). In younger patients, BK enhances vascular permeability. In the elderly, activated TF is controlled by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and generates thrombin, which is the target enzyme of AT-III and precipitates DIC or MOF. In elderly patients, the characteristic symptom of HANE is hypercoagulation by age-related changes in the biosynthesis of AT-III or TFPI.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Effect of an allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, RSR-4, on oxygen affinity and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in rabbits.

Theoretically, if the arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) does not change, a right shift in the oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) of hemoglobin should reduce arterial oxygen saturation. In this study we investigate whether a right shift in the OEC of hemoglobin decreases transcutaneous oxygen saturation (Tc-SO2) following the administration of an allosteric effector, 2-[4-(((3, 5-dichloroanilino)-carbonyl) methyl) phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid (RSR-4). The effect of RSR-4 on hemoglobin oxygen affinity was studied in four New Zealand white male rabbits. Following intraperitoneal administration of RSR-4, Tc-SO2 decreased in a dose-dependent manner. P50 (partial oxygen pressure at 50% hemoglobin oxygen saturation) in whole blood increased as the concentration of RSR-4 increased. Tc-SO2 decreased as whole-blood affinity (1/P50) decreased. There was no positive correlation between Tc-SO2 and PaO2. We concluded that a decrease in hemoglobin oxygen affinity following RSR-4 administration reduced arterial oxygen saturation. This decrease in the presence of an allosteric effector such as RSR-4 in vivo can be detected and monitored as a reduction in Tc-SO2.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1998

Reversed circadian blood pressure rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal vascular events in NIDDM subjects.

To assess the significance of reversed circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythms as a predictive factor of vascular events in NIDDM, vital status after an average 4-year follow-up was determined in 325 NIDDM subjects in whom the circadian BP profile had been monitored between 1988 and 1996. Circadian BP rhythm was analyzed by the COSINOR (a compound word for cosine and vector) method, as previously described. After exclusion of 37 dropped-out subjects, 288 were recruited to the further analysis, of which 201 had a normal circadian BP rhythm (group N) and the remaining 87 had a reversed one (group R). There was no difference in sex, HbA1c, the prevalence of smokers, serum lipids, or serum electrolytes between groups N and R at baseline, whereas age, the prevalence of hypertension, serum creatinine, and diabetic complications were more pronounced in group R than in group N. During the follow-up period (which averaged 52 months in group N and 36 months in group R), fatal and nonfatal vascular (cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, peripheral vascular arteries, and retinal artery) events occurred in 20 subjects in group N and 56 in group R. Unadjusted survival times and event-free times were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method, and there was a significant difference in both unadjusted survival and event-free survival rates between groups N and R (P < 0.001 each; log-rank test). The Cox proportional-hazards model adjusted for age, sex, circadian BP pattern, duration of diabetes, therapy for diabetes, various diabetic complications, and hypertension demonstrated that circadian BP pattern and age exhibited significant, high adjusted relative risks for fatal events, and that diabetic nephropathy, postural hypotension, and hypertension as well as circadian BP pattern exhibited significant, high adjusted relative risks with respect to the occurrence of various nonfatal vascular events. These results suggest that reversed circadian BP rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal vascular events in NIDDM subjects.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1998

[Anti-Candida activities of azole antifungals in the presence of lysozyme in vitro].

The combined effects of lysozyme and various antifungal agents were investigated by microbroth dilution method against Candida albicans in vitro. Synergistic anti-Candida activity was observed between egg white lysozyme and itraconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole and lanoconazole. Similar, although not as clear, combination anti-Candida activities were seen in the cases of ketoconazole, bifonazole, amphotericin B and nystatin. Anti-Candida activity of fluconazole was not affected by the addition of lysozyme, however. Physiological roles of this combination effect in anti-Candida therapy by azole antifungals were discussed.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1998

Improved method for measuring tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in serum.

We describe an improved method for the kinetic measurement of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrACP; EC 3.1.3.2) activity in serum. Of the TrACP derived from erythrocytes, platelets, and macrophages (osteoclasts and others), that from the first two sources is also resistant to fluoride, whereas skeletal TrACP is sensitive to fluoride. Thus, osteoclast-derived TrACP can be measured specifically by exploiting its sensitivity to fluoride. We measured the activity of tartrate-resistant and fluoride-sensitive acid phosphatase (TrFsACP) by using 2,6-dichloro-4-acetylphenyl phosphate as substrate at pH 6.2. The activity of TrFsACP in serum was increased by adding hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene) to the reaction mixture. This method was not influenced by hemolysis with hemoglobin concentrations as great as 0.9 g/L. The mean +/- SD values of TrFsACP activity by this method were 20.4 +/- 2.8 and 16.4 +/- 2.3 U/L for young (ages 20-29 years) men (n = 34) and women (n = 50), respectively. The highest mean TrFsACP activity was found among children younger than 15 years, followed by that in elderly subjects (older than 60).

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

[Relationship between cardiac output and PETco2 as well as Paco2 during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia].

We investigated the relationship between cardiac output and PETCO2 as well as blood PCO2 in 10 patients undergoing cardiac surgery of long duration under high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. After anesthetic induction, the minute ventilation was kept constant at 10 ml.kg-1 x 10 cycles.min-1 and a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted. PETCO2, PaCO2 and cardiac index (CI) were measured simultaneously. PaCO2 was corrected for body temperature, and alveolar dead space-to-tidal volume ratio was calculated as VD/VTalv = (PaCO2-PETCO2)/PaCO2. After body, temperature became stabilized, the measurements were started and repeated every 10 to 20 minutes during the prebypass period. One hundred and eight sets of data were taken from 10 patients. PETCO2 correlated positively with CI. Similarly, PaCO2 correlated positively with CI, but VD/VTalv, did not correlate with CI. PETCO2 correlated closely and positively with PaCO2, but it correlated negatively and only marginally with VD/VTalv. When examined in individual patients, PaCO2 correlated positively with PETCO2 in all patients, while VD/VTalv correlated negatively with PETCO2 only in 3 patients. By multiple regression analysis, VD/VTalv change accounted for only 22.3 +/- 15.0% of PETCO2 change, while PACO2 or PaCO2 change accounted for 77.6 +/- 15.0% of PETCO2 change. Decreased CI was associated with decreased CO2 delivery from the tissue to the lung (DCO2) and PaCO2 decreased with decreasing DCO2. Decreased CI was also associated with decreased oxygen uptake (VO2), and PaCO2 decreased with decreasing VO2. A decrease in CI resulted in an increase in VA/Q, and PaCO2 decreased when VA/Q increased. PETCO2 decreased when cardiac output decreased. A decrease in PACO2 explained the decrease in PETCO2 better than an increase in VD/VT did. Decreased cardiac output might cause hypocapnia through decreased CO2 delivery to the lung, decreased CO2 production and/or increased ventilation-to-perfusion ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Establishment of a concordant xenogeneic splenocyte injection model for the dynamic study of the marginal zone in the spleen.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to establish a simple technique with which we could investigate the relationship between the marginal zone (MZ) in the spleen and antispecies antibody production, as well as to estimate the efficacy of various immunosuppressive treatments in xenotransplantation. METHODS: With a concordant xenogeneic combination (hamster-to-rat), the early phase reaction of the MZ was studied by use of quantitative histologic analysis, and complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody titers were determined in both a heart transplantation model and the splenocyte injection model. Furthermore, changes in the MZ were examined with isogeneic and allogeneic combinations with the splenocyte injection model. Next, the effect of cyclophosphamide, a promising immunosuppressant for concordant xenotransplantation, was examined by use of the splenocyte injection model. RESULTS: With a concordant xenogeneic combination, the MZ enlarged, and antihamster immunoglobulin M antibody synthesis increased after immunization in both models. On the other hand, with an isogeneic combination, the MZ did not expand, and with an allogeneic combination the MZ enlargement was not as great as that with a concordant xenogeneic combination. Cyclophosphamide suppressed the MZ expansion in a dose-dependent manner and effectively diminished antibody production in the splenocyte injection model. CONCLUSION: Dynamic studies of the MZ in the spleen with the splenocyte injection model are useful for the elucidation of the mechanisms of reaction and for estimating the efficacy of various immunosuppressive treatments in concordant xenotransplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of UFT on treatment of urological cancer--effect of UFT on treatment of invasive bladder cancer and advanced prostate cancer. Ibaraki Urological Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group].

A prospective randomized joint study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of UFT 1) as a postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer who had undergone curative combination therapy with operation and/or chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, 2) as an endocrine chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed stage C/D prostate cancer, for a period of 3 years from January, 1992. For bladder cancer, of 36 patients with invasive bladder cancer, clinically cured by combination therapy, 20 patients were treated with UFT as an adjuvant chemotherapy over 12 months, and they were compared to 16 patients with no adjuvant therapy. After excluding 10 inappropriate patients, 12 patients in the UFT treatment group and 14 patients with no adjuvant treatment group were observed. For prostate cancer, of 29 patients with clinically stage C/D prostate cancer, 13 were treated with endocrine therapy in combination with UFT, and 16 patients were treated with endocrine therapy alone. After excluding 7 inappropriate patients, 10 patients with endocrine chemotherapy and 12 patients with hormonal therapy were observed. The non-recurrence rate, survival rate and side effects of UFT were evaluated. In the study of bladder cancer, neither a significant difference of non-recurrent rate nor of survival rate was seen between the two groups. In the study of prostate cancer, neither a significant difference of non-recurrent rate nor of survival rate was seen between the two groups. These findings suggest UFT is less useful as an adjuvant therapy for the invasive bladder cancer and as an endocrine chemotherapy for newly diagnosed advanced prostate cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[Characteristics of screening-detected prostate cancer on health checkup].

Prostate cancer has the highest incidence and the second most common cause of death in U.S. men. In Japanese men, prostate cancer is not so common but is the most increasing neoplasm. Detection of early-stage cancer and early curative treatment are the most effective ways to reduce mortality from this disease. Therefore the mass screening system for prostate cancer to reduce mortality has become an important issue in recent years in Japan. The screening project for prostate cancer was conducted using only the prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels of primary screening with the cut off level of 4.0 ng/ml for candidates undergoing a medical checkup every 2 years. Totally, 20,338 men had health checkups every 2 years and 899 men requested the screening checkup for prostate cancer and their serum PSA level. Fifty (5.6%) men showed abnormal PSA level, 41 men had a second screening, 27 men underwent needle biopsy of prostate, and finally 14 cases of prostate cancer were detected. The detection rate calculated for prostate cancer was 1.56%. Thirteen cases out of 14 (92.9%) were clinically diagnosed as localized cancer. In 10 cases, total prostatectomy was performed and the pathological findings showed none of them to be clinically insignificant cancers. In conclusion, from our result the screening of prostate cancer using PSA only is considered to be very useful to detect early clinically significant prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Type A acute aortic dissection: late reoperations for dilatation of the distal false lumen and aortic regurgitation].

From January 1990 to December 1996, 71 patients aged 33 to 79 years (mean 60 +/- 11) underwent an emergency operation for type A acute aortic dissection. Fifty-three (74.6%) survived, and were followed 7 to 94 months (mean follow up 2.9 +/- 1.8 years) after the first operation. Five patients underwent reoperation for dilatation of the distal false lumen 7 to 52 months (mean period, 25 months) after primary repair. One patient underwent replacement of the arch and descending aorta, three patients underwent replacement of the descending aorta, and one patient underwent the stented graft implantation, resulting in closure of the entry site. Three patients underwent reoperation for severe aortic valve regurgitation 12 to 31 months (mean period, 24 months) after primary repair. Two patients underwent aortic valve replacement, and one patient underwent aortic root replacement. The actuarial freedom from reoperations was 81 +/- 6.9% at 3 years, and 73 +/- 9.9% at 5 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Total collapse of the right lung in a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis].

A 29-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a high fever and dyspnea. He had a history of bronchial asthma and had had a bullectomy of the right lung at 15 years of age. He had visited a family physician because of fever and non productive coughing. Medications had no effect on his symptoms, and dyspnea developed. A chest X-ray film showed total collapse of the right lung, and he was referred to our hospital. Laboratory data showed eosinophilia and a high titer of IgE. Total obstruction of the right main stem bronchus by mucous plug was found during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Aspergillus was detected by pathological examination of bronchial lavage fluid. Tests for aspergillus-specific IgE and IgG antibody were positive, as was immediate skin reactivity to Aspergillus. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) was diagnosed. Infusion and inhalation of a corticosteroid and fluconazole were effective; the symptoms resolved and X-ray findings improved. While migratory infiltration, proximal bronchiectasis and segmental or subsegmental atelectasis caused by a mucous plug are common X-ray findings in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, total collapse is rare.

Administration, Inhalation↗