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Biomedical subjects

K U Laval

Publications and source records attributed to K U Laval.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily formulation of alfuzosin 10 mg in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: open-label extension study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a new, once-daily (o.d.) prolonged-release formulation of the clinically uroselective alpha1-blocker, alfuzosin, in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: This is a 9-month open-label extension of a 3-month double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of alfuzosin 10 mg o.d. and standard alfuzosin 2.5 mg, three times daily (t.i.d.), administered without dose titration in both cases. A total of 311 patients continued in the extension phase and all received alfuzosin 10 mg o.d. Efficacy was evaluated in all patients enrolled in the extension phase (n = 311). Safety was assessed in all patients exposed to alfuzosin, whether in the double-blind or extension phase (n = 360). RESULTS: Mean international prostate symptom score (IPSS) improved significantly, from 17.1 to 9.3 (P < 0.0001), and mean peak flow rate (PFR) (assessed at through plasma levels) increased significantly, from 9.1 to 11.3 ml/s (P < 0.0001), between baseline (i.e. beginning of the double-blind phase) and the endpoint of the extension phase. Quality of life (QOL) index also improved significantly, from 3.3 to 2.1 (P < 0.0001). Alfuzosin was well tolerated, with only 16 of 360 patients (4.4%) reporting adverse events potentially related to alpha-blockade (mainly dizziness). Ejaculation disorders were infrequent (0.6%) and did not show a relationship to treatment. The incidence of asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension was low (2.8%), and no age effect was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Alfuzosin 10 mg o.d. provides effective relief from BPH, and clinical benefits are maintained up to 12 months. This study also demonstrates the satisfactory long-term safety of this formulation, and its safe use even in at-risk populations.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

Efficacy and safety of a new prolonged release formulation of alfuzosin 10 mg once daily versus alfuzosin 2.5 mg thrice daily and placebo in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. ALFORTI Study Group.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of a new prolonged release formulation of the uroselective alpha(1)-blocker alfuzosin for a once-daily dosing regimen in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: After a 1-month run-in period, 447 patients were randomly allocated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study to receive alfuzosin 10 mg once daily (n = 143), alfuzosin 2.5 mg thrice daily (n = 150) or placebo (n = 154) for 3 months. At inclusion, 46% of the randomised population had concomitant cardiovascular disease and 30% received an antihypertensive treatment. Uroflowmetry was performed close to trough plasma concentration of alfuzosin once daily to demonstrate the 24-hour coverage with this formulation. RESULTS: Both alfuzosin formulations significantly improved urinary symptoms versus placebo assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (alfuzosin 10 mg once daily: -6.9; alfuzosin 2.5 mg thrice daily: -6.4; placebo: -4.9, p = 0.005). Peak flow rate increased significantly with alfuzosin 10 mg once daily (+2.3 ml/s, p = 0.03 vs. placebo) and with alfuzosin 2.5 mg thrice daily (+3.2ml/s, p<0.0001 vs. placebo) compared to placebo (+1.4 ml/s). Overall both formulations of alfuzosin were well tolerated in comparison with placebo. In addition, vasodilatory adverse events appeared to be less frequent with the once daily than the thrice daily formulation (6.3 vs. 9.4%, respectively). No first-day effect was reported with alfuzosin once daily and the effect on blood pressure did not differ from those observed in placebo, both in normotensive and hypertensive patients. No specific sexual dysfunction including ejaculation disorder was reported in the alfuzosin 10 mg once-daily group. CONCLUSION: The new once-daily formulation of alfuzosin administered at a dose of 10 mg daily is an effective 24-hour treatment of LUTS associated with BPH. Alfuzosin is as effective as the immediate formulation and shows a better cardiovascular safety. The better safety profile enables the same dose to be used in all patients, providing the patients with the benefits of a once-daily administration.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Spontaneous phasic activity of the detrusor: a cause of uninhibited contractions in unstable bladders?

Uninhibited detrusor contractions of neurogenic origin have been described repeatedly. Since a spontaneous myogenic activity of the detrusor has been demonstrated in isolated muscle strips, it seems reasonable that an increase of this spontaneous contraction activity may induce bladder instability of pure myogenic origin. 30 patients separated into two groups were investigated. All patients suffered from involuntary contractions of the detrusor, accompanied by loss of urine. Nifedipin was applied as a selective Ca-antagonistic drug to block the phasic detrusor activity. In our experiment, involuntary detrusor contractions could not be suppressed, and also bladder capacity could not be increased by this drug. This result leads to the assumption that the spontaneous phasic activity of the detrusor does not induce any involuntary bladder contraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The septic kidney: primary nephrectomy or conservative surgery? A clinical study of 110 cases (author's transl)].

The "Septic Kidney" usually originates from infected hydronephrosis. The clinical appearance is characterized by poor general condition, in particular shock, severe flank pain, high fever with chills, leucocytosis and often azotemia. The pathogenesis and definition are discussed on the basis of 110 cases. The various therapeutic modalities such as primary nephrectomy, conservative surgery or endoscopic instrumentation are compared and the indications defined. Conservative procedures are preferred over primary nephrectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Paranephric abscess: a changing concept.

The aetiology of the paranephric abscess has been greatly modified since the introductiion of antibiotics. Its frequency has decreased but its prognosis has not been improved. 20 cases of paranephric abscess have been studied retrospectively. Its main cause is no longer the haematogenic staphylococcus infection but primary kidney infection. The disease is difficult to diagnose as the evolution is slow and the symptoms unspecific. The main symptoms are: abdominal pain, feeling of physical prostation, subfebrility, acute pain in the flank and significant increase in blood sedimentation rate. The infection is due in most cases to a silent kidney or a kidney stone with pyonephrosis. Accompaying diabetes mellitus was often observed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Effects of beta-adrenergic stimulating and blocking agents on the dynamics of the human bladder outlet.

The alpha-adrenergic innervation of the functional urethra is a well-known fact, while beta-adrenergic influence is rather unknown until now. We studied the influence of beta-stimulating and beta-blocking agents on the human urethra by the urethral pressure profile (UPP). A decrease of the UPP under orciprenaline sulfate and an increase under propranolol could be mentioned.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1976

[Vesicoureterorenal reflux: an inherited disease? (author's transl)].

A family case history is presented with an increased incidence of vesicorenal reflux: four sons had a reflux while a daughter and the parents were healthy in this respect. From the literature and on own studies the possibility of reflux as an inherited disease is discussed. A new finding is the coincidence of reflux and the histocompatibility-antigen HLA-A2.

Adolescent↗