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Biomedical subjects

K Tsurumi

Publications and source records attributed to K Tsurumi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Contribution of beta-glucuronidase to the degradation of chondroitin 4-sulfate by canine liver lysosomal enzymes.

Oligosaccharides derived from chondroitin 4-sulfate (Ch4-S) and chondroitin were digested by canine liver lysosomes under acidic conditions. The degree of digestion of Ch4-S by hyaluronidase and beta-glucuronidase was examined on the basis of types of the digestion products. Tetradeca- and dodecasaccharides derived from Ch4-S and chondroitin were first digested by hyaluronidase, while the octasaccharide was hydrolyzed by beta-glucuronidase. Decasaccharide was degraded by both hyaluronidase and beta-glucuronidase. The results showed that decasaccharide from Ch4-S served as the largest-molecular-weight substrate for beta-glucuronidase in the degradation of Ch4-S by the enzymes of lysosomes in contrast to the results of the digestion studies of hyaluronic acid (HA). The contribution of beta-glucuronidase to the depolymerization of chondroitin and HA by hyaluronidase was examined in the presence of saccharo-1,4-lactone, a specific inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase, in the reaction mixture. The depolymerization of chondroitin by hyaluronidase was significantly reduced by the addition of saccharo-1,4-lactone. From the results, it is suggested that beta-glucuronidase contributes to the degradation of the even-numbered oligosaccharides which inhibit the action of hyaluronidase in the depolymerization of Ch4-S.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfaturia: a new type of inborn error of metabolism?

A 14-year-old boy was found to excrete excessive amounts of acidic glycosaminoglycans which were predominantly chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Clinical features included dwarfism, mental retardation, coarse facies, deformities of the spine, hip joints and thorax, and granulations in leucocytes. The clinical and biochemical features found in this boy were compared with the known types of mucopolysaccharidosis and it has been concluded that this case is a new type of mucopolysacchariduria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The structure of a new sialic acid-containing decasaccharide from the urine of a patient with mucolipidosis.

A new sialic acid-containing oligosaccharide has been isolated from urine of a patient with a type of mucolipidosis newly recognized by Orii et al. (1972). This compound was found to be composed of galactose (2 moles), mannose (3 moles), N-acetylglucosamine (3 moles) and sialic acid (2 moles). On the basis of the results of sequential glycosidase digestion, of methylation analysis, and of the Smith degradation, the structure of this oligosaccharide was elucidated as follows: NeuAcalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3[NeuAcalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-6]Manbeta1-4GlcNAc. The increased excretion of this oligosaccharide may be caused by the impaired metabolism of glycoproteins having N-glycosidic linkage.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal urinary excretion of sialoglycoconjugates in patients with mucolipidosis.

Low molecular sialoglycoconjugates were isolated by the charcoal adsorption method from the urines of patients with mucolipidosis (one patient with mucolipidosis type I variant and three patients with mucolipidosis type II). The sialoglycoconjugates were fractionated into two major fractions (SG-1 and SG-2) by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration, and a strikingly increased excretion of the SG-1 fraction was observed in patients with these diseases. The SG-1 fraction from each type of mucolipidosis was fractionated into four subfractions by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, and the fraction with the lowest molecular weight (SG-1-III) was found to contribute to the increase in the levels of SG-1. The SG-1-III fraction was further fractionated into 7 to 8 subfractions by ion-exchange chromatography. The comparison of the amounts and the chemical compositions of the subfractions suggested that the increase in SG-1 was dependent upon the increase in excretion of mannose-containing sialooligosaccharides with the structures closely related to the carbohydrate units of glycoproteins with an N-glycosidic linkage.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Toward a dialogue in international consultancy in occupational therapy with Japan as a reference.

The customs and cultural attitudes that determine occupational therapy practice cannot be transferred from one culture to another. However, the technology of occupational therapy can be transferred. The international consultant is responsible for such a technological transfer. The consultee is responsible for assimilating technology and creating a culturally appropriate treatment practice. Technological transfer in industry demonstrates that divergent cultural applications of the same technology are possible, that the autonomy of the consultee is of primary importance, and that government support of the consultation effort is crucial. Current practice and expectation in international occupational therapy consultation is examined. The author concludes that fluency in the language of the host country is a questionable expectation, and that short-term workshops by teams of therapists should supplement the traditional individual long-term consultancy. Japan is used as a reference for discussion.

Culture↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of spasmolytics on cathartic activity of pilocarpine, 5-HT and prostaglandlin E2 in mice (author's transl)].

Effects of autonomic, anti-histaminic, anti-5HT drugs, papaverine and morphine on cathartic activity of spasmogens such as pilocarpine, 5-HT and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were tested by giving these drugs to mice subcutaneously. Mice used were male dd strain weighing 20 +/- 2 g and the catharatic effect was evaluated by the all or none method. The cathartic effect by pilocarpine was inhibited markedly by anti-cholinergic drugs such as atropine and diphenhydramine, but not by hexamethonium and methysergide. Therefore, the action of pilocarpine was found to be direct on the acetylcholine receptors. The catharatic effect by 5-HT was inhibited significantly by hexamethonium and methysergide. Atropine inhibited the cathartic effect of 5-HT, but the inhibitory activity was lower by about one hundredth than that on pilocarpine-induced diarrhea. It is suggested that 5-HT has dual sites of actions and there are less cholinergic and specific serotonergic actions. The cathartic effect by PGE2 was inhibited by anticholinergic, anti-5HT and ganglion blocking agents. PGE2 appears to possess the same mode of action as both pilocarpine and 5-HT. Papaverine inhibited little the cathartic effect of all three spasmogens, while morphine had a potent and nonspecific inhibitory effect on the cathartic action of all three spasmogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Micro determination of unsaturated disaccharide formed by the action of acidic glycosaminoglycan-endoeliminases. An application of the thiobarbituric acid method to the assay of D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid-containing disaccharides.

An improved method is described for the micro determination of acidic glycosaminoglycans after digestion with chondroitinase-ABC and -AC. The determination is based on the color production of D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid-containing disaccharides produced by the action of chondroitinase-ABC and -AC (acidic glycosaminoglycans-endoeliminase) when the periodate-thiobarbituric acid method is applied to the alpha,beta-unsaturated disaccharides. Suitable conditions for the quantitative assay are described.

Chondroitin Sulfates↗
PubMed1978

Anti-convulsant effect of phthalazino-2,3b-phthalazine-5(14H),12(7h)-dione (L-5418). I. Behavioral effect.

Since it had been demonstrated that L5418 has an anti-convulsant effect with no relation to its anti-inflammatory properties, comparative studies were carried out with the use of currently available anti-convulsant agents as controls. L-5418 inhibited tonic convulsions induced by maximal electroshock and strychinine in mice and prevented animals from the death sequence. L-5418 had an inhibitory effect on tonic convulsions induced by pentetrazol and N-sulfamoyl-hexahydroazepine (SaH 41-178), but not on clonic convulsions by those compounds at even a high dosage or on clonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin and bemegride. Trimethadione produced an inhibitory effect on both tonic and clonic convulsions. The hypnotic agents, phenobarbital and glutethimide inhibited both convulsions, but a higher dose was required in the case of clonic convulsions. Anti-convulsant agents are classified into three different groups according to their mode of action. L-5418 had the same mode of action as seen with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine. As L-5418 did not inhibit tremor induced by tremorine, an anti-Parkinson effect was ruled out. When L-5418 was administered alone, the animals did not lose the righting reflex nor show muscle relaxation observed in inclined screen and rotarod tests. Moreover, the compound had no influence on the aggressive behavior induced by electrical stimulation or olfactory bulb ablation. L-5418 possesses a selective anti-convulsant effect, yet has no sedative, tranquilizing or disturbing effects on movement such as equilibrium disturbance or muscle relaxation. L-5418 may prove useful for grand mal epilepsy as it is less toxic than diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

Anti-convulsant effect of phthalazino-[2,3b]-phthalazine-5(14H), 12(7H)-dione (L-5418). II. Electroencephalographic study.

L-5418 has an anti-convulsant effect which is similar to that of diphenylhydantoin. The effects of L-5418 on EEG activity in rabbits with acute and chronic implantation of electrodes were studied in comparison with those of currently available anti-convulsants. Intravenous administration of L-5418 increased a slow-wave sleep pattern in the spontaneous EEG, which was also induced by diphenylhydantoin. With respect to the focal seizure in the cerebral cortex induced by local application of penicillin, L-5418 showed suppressive effects on the frequency and duration of seizure discharge, and on the spread of seizure discharge to other parts of the brain. The efficacy was about twice that of diphenylhydantoin. L-5418 and dephenylhydantoin did not increase the threshold of seizures induced by bemegride while trimethadione raised the threshold. L-5418 also showed suppressive effects twice as active as diphenylhydantoin on after-discharge induced by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus and amygdala. This suppressive effect on after-discharge of the limbic system may be parallel with the suppressive effect on psychomotor seizure. From these results of L-5418 on an experimental model of epilepsy, it is suggested that L-5418 has suppressive effects similar to that of diphenylhydantoin on convulsion and the efficacy proved to be twice that of diphenylhydantoin in the EEG study.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Sialogluciduria in lysosomal diseases: quantitative and qualitative analysis of urinary low molecular sialoglucides from patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and with mucolipidosis.

Low molecular sialoglucides were isolated from the urines of normal human male and two patients with lysosomal disease (mucopolysaccharidosis type II and a new type of mucolipidosis) by charcoal adsorption method. Urinary sialoglucides were fractionated into two fractions (SG-1 and SG-2) by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and considerable increase in excretion of SG-1 was observed in the patients with lysosomal diseases: two- to three-fold increase in mucopolysaccharidosis type II and seven- to eight-fold increase in mucolipidosis. SG-1 was further fractionated into 18 to 19 fractions by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Comparison of the amounts and the chemical compositions of these fractions suggested that the increase in SG-1 was dependent upon the increase in excretion of low molecular sialoglucides rich in mannose and N-acetylglucosamine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Structure of a novel sialooligosaccharide from the urine of a patient with mucolipidosis.

A mannose-containing sialooligosaccharide has been isolated from the urine of a patient with a newly recognized mucolipidosis which showed a low liver beta-galactosidase activity and hyperglycopeptiduria. The chemical structure has been determined by glycosidase digestion, Smith degradation and permethylation studies. The following structure has been given for the oligosaccharide: NANAalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manbeta1-3Manbeta1-4GlcNAc. This compound appears to be derived from an incomplete catabolism of glycoproteins with aspartylglucosylamine type side chains.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

Urinary excretion of acid glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in a patient with oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome.

The metabolism of ground substance in connective tissue of an 18-year-old boy with oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome was studied. He had characteristic clinical and laboratory findings described by Lowe et al. such as growth retardation, mental deficiency, glaucoma, cataracta, decreased muscle tone, metabolic acidosis, aminoaciduria and osteomalacia. The urinary excretion of acid glycosaminoglycans and of total hydroxyproline were 27 mg/day (as glucuronic acid) and 280 mg/day respectively on admission. Both values decreased to the upper limits of normal level transiently during treatment with alkali and vitamin D2. At that time, an improvement in bone abnormalities, a decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase, and an elevation of serum inorganic phosphate were observed. The therapy prevented him from progressive osteomalacia and cured him of it, but mucopolysacchariduria and hydroxyprolinuria did not disappear. Analytical electrophoresis on cellulose acetate sheets showed that urinary acid glycosaminoglycans were composed of undersulfated chondroitin 4-/6-sulfate and heparan sulfate with a ratio of 6:4, on admission. After oral administration of alkali, the excretion of heparan sulfate decreased and undersulfated chondroitin 4-/6-sulfate was determined as a main component of urinary acid glycosaminoglycans. The clinical and laboratory data in this case suggested that the increased excretion of acid glycosaminoglycans and total hydroxyproline was caused by abnormal metabolism in connective tissues, especially by the bone abnormalities, in this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urinary acid glycosaminoglycans in a patient with oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome.

An 18-year-old boy with oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome excreted a large amount of acid glycosaminoglycans in urine. The identification and characterization of the acid glycosaminoglycans were carried out by the methods of preparative column electrophoresis, ion exchange chromatography, gelfiltration, paper chromatography of the chondroitinase digests and chemical analysis. On admission to hospital, the main components of the urinary acid glycosaminoglycans were undersulfated chondroitin 4-sulfate of large molecular weight and heparan sulfate. Three months after oral administration of the supplement of alkali, the excretion of heparan sulfate and the molecular size of chondroitin 4-sulfate decreased significantly, although the amount of urinary acid glycosaminoglycans remained at a high level (about 25 mg/day). The decrease of heparan sulfate and the shift to a smaller molecule of chondroitin 4-sulfate were coincident with the improvement in clinical and laboratory findings. These results suggest that the abnormal metabolism of acid glycosaminoglycans is a characteristic manifestation in this case and the studies on ground substance metabolism might be an important approach to the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Influence of some anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzyme level in rats.

The influence of single oral dose of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzymes was investigated in rats as a indicator of nephrotoxic effect. Urinary LDH activity was significantly elevated by aspirin, ketophenylbutazone, aminopyrine, phenacetin and acetaminophen. These drugs increased also H/M ratio of LDH isoenzymes. Although other test drugs have no effect on LDH in urine phenylbutazone and indomethacin elevated GPT and A1-P, oxyphenbutazone did gamma-GT and anthranilic acid derivatives did Al-P and gamma-GT. Other drugs such as sodium salicylate, ibufenac, ibuprofen, bucolome, aminopropylone, sulfinpyrazone, benzydamine and mepirizole did not significantly influence any enzyme activities measured in urine.

Aniline Compounds↗