Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Tsunoda

Publications and source records attributed to K Tsunoda.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Sudden onset aphonia caused by a Japanese-style bath.

An 86-year-old man was referred by his family physician to our clinic because of sudden onset aphonia immediately after a Japanese-style bath. On examination, the only abnormality was aphonia, with an otherwise normal physical examination. However, we found vocal fold oedema on laryngeal fibrescopy. For treatment, he was immediately given 30 mg prednisolone intravenously. Twelve hours after injection the oedema had completely disappeared and his aphonia had resolved. The patient was healthy for three months after returning home. However, at the beginning of a cold winter night he again complained of sudden onset hoarseness, after taking a Japanese-style bath. Japanese-style baths are completely different from Western-style baths. There is a temperature difference of almost 30 degrees C between the inside and outside of a bath; the transition may represent a type of physical exercise in elderly and exhausted individuals. This difference could cause a cold or heat-induced allergic reaction. We strongly recommend a laryngeal study in case of sudden onset aphonia.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in sheep.

Using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting with anti-human apolipoprotein E (APO E) antibody, the genetic polymorphism of APO E was determined from desialylated plasma of 554 unrelated adults of four European sheep (Suffolk, Corriedale, Cheviot, and Finnish Landrace) and five Asian local sheep (Bhyanglung, Baruwal, Kagi, Lampuchhre, and Vietnamese). Twenty phenotypes consisting of the homozygous and heterozygous combinations of two APO E variants within the seven variants (E1-E7) detected were identified. Family and population data supported the hypothesis that the phenotypes are controlled by seven codominant alleles, designated APOE1 to APOE7, at a single autosomal locus. The common alleles, APOE4, APOE5, and APOE7 were observed at mean frequencies of 0.5763, 0.1471, and 0.1921 in the European sheep group and 0.4920, 0.1123, and 0.2995 in the Asian local sheep group, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of dietary biotin on enhanced sucrose intake and enhanced gustatory nerve responses to sucrose seen in diabetic OLETF rat.

We used the sucrose preference test and taste nerve recording to investigate the effect of dietary biotin on the abnormal sucrose taste sensitivity and preferences seen during the course of diabetes mellitus. For this, we used Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. The chorda tympani nerve (CT nerve) response to sucrose (> 1 M) was of greater relative magnitude in OLETF rats than in non-diabetic control (Long-Evans Tokushima Lean, LETO) rats, but the responses to other basic taste stimuli (such as HCl, quinine-HCl and L-glutamic acid) did not differ between the two groups. In behavioral experiments using a two-bottle preference test, solution intake for sucrose (> 50 mM) was higher in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. The neural responses to sucrose (1.5-2 M) in OLETF rats were lower when given a biotin-high diet (BH-OLETF) than when given a biotin-basal diet (BB-OLETF), but this was not true of the other basic tastes. However, there were no significant differences between BH-OLETF and BB-OLETF rats in terms of sucrose solution intake. These findings suggest that the enhanced sugar sensitivity observed in OLETF rats is probably the result of a genetic difference between OLETF and LETO rats, though the discrepancy can be modified by the dietary biotin level.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Circulatory changes at the time of anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation--comparison of thiamylal induction group and propofol induction group].

We examined the circulatory changes after intravenous thiamylal with additional injection of thiamylal 1 minute before intubation and after propofol at the time of anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation. Sixty ASA I or II patients were studied after the institutional and informed consents. We compared the following three groups. Group I (n = 20): Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal 5 mg.kg-1 and intubation with the aid of vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1. Group II (n = 20): Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal 3 mg.kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1. One minute before the intubation, the patients received additional thiamylal 4 mg.kg-1. Group III (n = 20): Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg.kg-1 and intubation was performed with the aid of vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1. We examined the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, heart rate, and rate pressure product (RPP) in the three groups. The examinations were performed before and after induction, soon after intubation, and every one minute after intubation for 5 minutes. After the endotracheal intubation, the systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased in Group I. But the systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly more stable in Group II and Group III. The change of the RPP was slight and most stable in Group II compared with the other two groups. We conclude that additional injection of thiamylal 4 mg.kg-1 following induction of anesthesia with thyamylal 3 mg.kg-1 1 minute before endotracheal intubation is an effective method for minimizing the increase in blood pressure and circulatory changes at the time of rapid induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1997

Possible role of P-450 metabolite of arachidonic acid in vasodilator mechanism of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in the isolated microperfused rabbit afferent arteriole.

Although angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor has recently been cloned, its functional role is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that selective activation of AT2 receptor causes vasodilation in the preglomerular afferent arteriole (Af-Art), a vascular segment that accounts for most of the preglomerular resistance. We microperfused rabbit Af-Arts at 60 mmHg in vitro, and examined the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II; 10(-11)-10(-8) M) on the luminal diameter in the presence or absence of the Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist CV11974 (CV; 10(-8) M). Ang II was added to both the bath and lumen of preconstricted Af-Arts. Ang II further constricted Af-Arts without CV (by 74+/-7% over the preconstricted level at 10(-8) M; P < 0.01, n = 7). In contrast, in the presence of CV, Ang II caused dose-dependent dilation; Ang II at 10(-8) M increased the diameter by 29+/-2% (n = 7, P < 0.01). This dilation was completely abolished by pretreatment with an AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 (10(-7) M, n = 6), suggesting that activation of AT2 receptor causes vasodilation in Af-Arts. The dilation was unaffected by inhibiting either nitric oxide synthase (n = 7) or cyclooxygenase (n = 7), however, it was abolished by either disrupting the endothelium (n = 10) or inhibiting the cytochrome P-450 pathway, particularly the synthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs, n = 7). These results suggest that in the Af-Art activation of the AT2 receptor may cause endothelium-dependent vasodilation via a cytochrome P-450 pathway, possibly by EETs.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1997

A rare case of laryngeal myxoma.

We report a rare case of laryngeal myxoma in a 57-year-old Japanese man. Except for a five-year history of gradually progressive hoarseness, he had been in good health. Video-stroboscopic examination revealed a solid mass in the anterior third of the right vocal fold. Phonosurgery performed with a microscope showed that the mass was encapsulated and located between the epithelium and vocal fold ligaments of the right vocal fold. This hard, elastic mass which measured 7 mm in diameter, was diagnosed as a myxoma. Only three cases of myxoma of the larynx have been reported in the English literature, with only one other case involving the vocal fold.

Hoarseness↗
PubMed1997

Capsaicin modifies responses of rat chorda tympani nerve fibers to NaCl.

Single-fiber preparations of the rat chorda tympani (CT) nerve were used to study the mechanism of action of capsaicin on salt-taste transduction. Capsaicin selectively suppressed the responses to NaCl of the CT nerve fibers (N-fibers) that are sodium-specific (insensitive or poorly sensitive to potassium). Among the more broadly responsive, cation-sensitive fibers (E-fibers) there are two subtypes, both of which responded to capsaicin but in different ways ('enhanced' type and 'suppressed' type). In both N- and E-fibers, 5% ethanol (the vehicle for capsaicin) slightly reduced the response to 100 mM NaCl. The suppressive effect of capsaicin on the response of the N-type fibers to 100 mM NaCl was significantly stronger than the effect of 5% ethanol. The suppression lasted for at least 20 s after the simultaneous application of 100 p.p.m. capsaicin-100 nM NaCl. These results indicate that 100 p.p.m. capsaicin can modify the response of CT fibers to NaCl. The observed effect of capsaicin on gustatory fibers could be the net result of opposite suppressive and enhancing processes in the taste buds cells and excited intra- or extragemmal trigeminal nerve endings.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Laryngeal adjustment in whispering magnetic resonance imaging study.

Previous studies confirmed that during whispering the glottis is kept open to prevent vocal fold vibration and the supraglottal structures are constricted. However, there has been no study exploring the exact contour of the laryngeal lumen in the frontal dimension during the production of whispering. In order to further elucidate the nature of the laryngeal adjustments regarding the contour of the laryngeal lumen in whispering, and the role of supraglottal constriction in particular, we conducted a physiological study using magnetic resonance imaging. According to the results, the supraglottal structures were not only constricted but also shifted downward, attaching to the vocal fold to prevent vocal fold vibration completely during whispering. The results suggested the underlying mechanism of suppression of vocal fold vibration during the production of whispering.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Three cases of Gitelman's syndrome possibly caused by different mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter.

Three adult Japanese cases of Gitelman's syndrome were characterized by secondary aldosteronism, hypokalemic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. Two were revealed to be familial cases. A mutation in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter gene, which had already been confirmed in one family (Takeuchi et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 4496,1996), was not detected in the other two cases. These observations may possibly support the previous report (Simon et al. Nature Genet 12: 24, 1996) that Gitelman's syndrome is caused by a variety of mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Stroboscopic observation of the larynx after radiation in patients with T1 glottic carcinoma.

We studied laryngeal video stroboscopy (LVS) system for evaluation of patients with glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0) before and after radiotherapy. There were 10 patients with T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma (9 men and 1 woman) who received radiotherapy at the Hitachi General Hospital. We performed LVS before and after radiotherapy. The presence or absence of mucosal waves (MW) was particularly noted. No MW were present before radiotherapy but at 1-6 months after, MW gradually appeared. One year after radiotherapy all patients showed MW on LVS. In patients with glottic carcinoma MW recovered after radiation therapy. LVS may be useful for the clinical follow-up of post-radiation patients for early detection of recurrence of glottic carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1997

Concentrations of plasma testosterone in sudden manhood death syndrome.

The present study was conducted to determine differences in the level of circulating testosterone of sudden manhood (unexplained) death syndrome (SMDS or SUDS) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), and/or other types of sudden death. Plasma concentrations of the hormone were determined by radioimmunoassay. In SMDS cases (17), the hormone was significantly higher than in IHD cases (10) who died during sleep (p < 0.02), but the mean concentration in SMDS cases was consistently the same as that in healthy adult males during nocturnal sleep. Hormone concentrations in SMDS or IHD cases who died during sleep were the same at midnight and dawn, showing a comparatively high incidence of these sudden death cases. Concentrations in IHD cases who died during sleep and while awake (16) were similar. SMDS cases showed significantly higher concentrations than acute cardiac failure cases (7) who died during nocturnal wakefulness (p < 0.01), which exceeded that in chronic alcoholic liver injury cases (7) who died during nocturnal wakefulness (p < 0.01). The response of testicular hormones to disease would thus appear to depend on the type of sudden death. The pathologic conditions of SMDS are considered to differ endocrinologically from those of IHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[beta-blocker in hypertension].

The beta-blockers are either nonselective and affect both beta 1- and beta 2-receptors, are relatively selective for the alpha 1 subclass, or are able to have activity against alpha-receptors. The ability to reduce blood pressure is very common among all beta-blockers, and beta-blockers are recommended for one of the first-line drugs in hypertension treatment by JNCV. beta-blockers should be used considering their pharmacological properties and potential side effects, according to the pathophysiological conditions involved. The superiority of beta-blocker to other types of antihypertensive drug has not yet been evidenced by larger scale clinical trials which have been carried out so far. To verify more precisely the usefulness of beta-blocker in hypertension treatment, more large scale clinical trials are required to be carried out. The fixed-dose combination of beta-blockers and calcium blockers appears to be more effective rather than that of beta-blockers and diuretics.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Function of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in the postglomerular efferent arteriole.

The balance of vasucular tone between afferent (Af-Art) and efferent arterioles (Ef-Art) is a critical determinant of the glomerular hemodynamics. We recently reported that selective activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT-2R) causes dilation in the Af-Art. However, the functional role of AT-2R in the Ef-Art has not been defined. In the present study, we microperfused rabbit Ef-Art in vitro, and examined the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II; 10(-11) to 10(-8) M) on the luminal diameter in the presence or absence of an AT-2R antagonist PD123319 (PD; 10(-7) M). Angiotensin II caused dose-dependent constriction in Ef-Arts, with a significant constriction occurring at 10(-11) M; at 10(-10) M the diameter decreased by 28 +/- 4% (N = 6). Pretreatment with PD significantly (P < 0.0125) augmented vasoconstrictor action of Ang II; at 10(-10) M the diameter decreased by 44 +/- 4% (N = 6). We then examined whether blockade of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) uncovers vasodilator action of Ang II mediated by AT-2R. Efferent arterioles were preconstricted by about 40% with norepinephrine and AT-1R was blocked with its selective antagonist CV11974 (CV; 10(-8) M). Angiotensin II added to preconstricted and CV-pretreated Ef-Arts caused a dose-dependent dilation; at 10(-8) M diameter increased by 28 +/- 3% (N = 5). The dilation was completely abolished by simultaneous pretreatment with PD (N = 4). Our results demonstrate that in the Ef-Art selective activation of AT-2R causes vasodilation, which opposes the vasoconstrictor action of Ang II.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1996

Triquetrohamate impaction syndrome: a case report.

A patient who had suffered from ulnar wrist pain for 3 years was diagnosed arthroscopically as having triquetrohamate impaction syndrome. Improvement of symptoms was obtained by arthroscopic treatment. This syndrome and the use of midcarpal arthroscopy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of anterior vitreous before suturing and intraocular lens to the ciliary sulcus.

PURPOSE: To clarify the relationship between suturing an intraocular lens (IOL) and residual vitreous after vitrectomy and transscleral IOL suturing. SETTING: Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. METHODS: Enucleated pigs' eyes were fixed to the observation device. Three methods for removing the crystalline lens and the vitreous were tested; and IOL was then sutured to the ciliary sulcus. Miyake's posterior approach and an endoscope were used to observe the movement of fluorescein-stained residual vitreous during these procedures. RESULTS: Considerable residual vitreous and extensive vitreous entwinement with the IOL were seen when IOL suturing followed anterior vitrectomy through a limbal incision. These were absent when IOL suturing followed careful pars plana vitrectomy and capsulectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that suturing the IOL to the ciliary sulcus should be followed by the removal of as much anterior vitreous and lens capsule as possible to prevent such postoperative complications as tractional retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Hoarseness as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

A 51-year-old woman complained of hoarseness of two years duration. The patient's past medical history was significant for autoimmunological hepatitis and arthritis for which she had not received treatment. Laryngoscopy and laryngeal stroboscopy revealed 'bamboo joint-like nodules' on both true vocal folds. These nodules resembled rheumatoid nodules and were suggestive of a collagen disease. Previous reports have documented that the treatment for such conditions related to collagen diseases is surgical resection. However, we initially attempted to treat the laryngeal lesions systemically with prednisolone. The hoarseness and the bamboo-like nodules disappeared six months after the treatment. Furthermore, the liver function test returned to normal and arthritis completely resolved. Based on our patient's response to this treatment, we diagnosed atypical-SLE and a lupus laryngitis. This case suggests that studies of the larynx may be helpful in the early diagnosis of collagan diseases and that such conditions may respond to systemic treatment.

Female↗