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Biomedical subjects

K Toda

Publications and source records attributed to K Toda.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Accumulation of lysosulfatide (sulfogalactosylsphingosine) in tissues of a boy with metachromatic leukodystrophy.

Abnormal accumulation of lysosulfatide (sulfogalactosylsphingosine) was evident in autopsied tissues from a boy with late-infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy. The concentration was high in the cerebral white matter, spinal cord and sciatic nerve (116-787 pmol/mg protein) and low in the cerebral gray matter, kidney and liver (4-40 pmol/mg protein). As is the case with galactosylsphingosine, lysosulfatide inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity, in a dose-dependent manner. Judging from the tissue distribution of the accumulated lysosulfatide and because of the cytotoxicity, the lysosulfatide presumably explains the demyelination seen in the nervous tissues of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Regressing ulcerative histiocytosis.

A 15-year-old girl presented with many round to oval erythematous indurated plaques on the trunk, scalp, and proximal portion of the extremities. The individual lesions showed ulceration within a short period but spontaneously healed after 2 or 3 months. The main histological feature was dermal proliferation of rather mature histiocytes that were regarded as neither inflammatory nor neoplastic, with subsequent destruction of normal dermal tissue architectures. Lymph nodes, bone marrow, and internal organs were not involved. The lesions were improved neither by potassium iodide therapy nor by combined therapy of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide, but the patient recovered by clofazimine after a 2-year course. We considered this case to be an unusual form of cutaneous histiocytic proliferation, which we tentatively termed "regressing ulcerative histiocytosis."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and Characterization of an Enterobacter cloacae Strain That Reduces Hexavalent Chromium under Anaerobic Conditions.

An Enterobacter cloacae strain (HO1) capable of reducing hexavalent chromium (chromate) was isolated from activated sludge. This bacterium was resistant to chromate under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Only the anaerobic culture of the E. cloacae isolate showed chromate reduction. In the anaerobic culture, yellow turned white with chromate and the turbidity increased as the reduction proceeded, suggesting that insoluble chromium hydroxide was formed. E. cloacae is likely to utilize toxic chromate as an electron acceptor anaerobically because (i) the anaerobic growth of E. cloacae HO1 accompanied the decrease of toxic chromate in culture medium, (ii) the chromate-reducing activity was rapidly inhibited by oxygen, and (iii) the reduction occurred more rapidly in glycerol- or acetate-grown cells than in glucose-grown cells. The chromate reduction in E. cloacae HO1 was observed at pH 6.0 to 8.5 (optimum pH, 7.0) and at 10 to 40 degrees C (optimum, 30 degrees C).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Therapeutic effect of stage III breast cancer--comparative study of preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy and non-infusion therapy].

Between January 1977 and March 1988, 111 patients of stage III breast cancer were treated in Sapporo Medical College. The median age was 51.6 years (range, 26-83 years). Menopausal status was 47 cases of premenopausal, 19 cases of perimenopausal and 45 cases of postomenopausal. Fifty-seven of these patients received intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. The anticancer drugs were mainly given by two routes, infusion into the internal mammary artery and the subclavian artery. Continuous infusion of 5-FU and intermittent injections of MMC, ADR or 4'-epi-ADR were jointly or individually made in each artery. Clinico-histological response was studied in 53 out of 57 patients. Clinical response, defined as CR + PR, was noted in 33 patients (62.3%). Histological response according to Shimosato Criteria, defined as grade IIb or better, appeared in 31 patients (58.5%). Non-infusion group contained 27.7% of stage IIIb, against 72.2% in infusion group. The 5-year overall survival rates were; non-infusion group 62%, 5-FU infusion group 34.1%, and ADR MMC group 66.2%. A significant difference was seen between 5-FU infusion group and ADR-MMC group (p = 0.03). The median disease-free interval was 22.0 months (range, 1-77 months) in infusion group and 28.2 months (range, 1-124 months) in non-infusion group. MMC + ADR combination group revealed the most excellent results in terms of the 5 year survival rate and clinicohistological effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of combined administration of HBs antigen and anti-HBs antibody on induction of anti-HBs antibody production in vitro and in vivo].

It was considered that nonresponsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen was in part due to a failure in the antigen recognition (i.e., antigens' phagocytosis, processing and presentation by accessory cells). In order to enhance the capture of antigens, we investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of HBs antigen and anti-HBs IgG on antibody responses in vitro and in vivo. As a result, in vitro sensitization of mononuclear cells from anti-HBs-positive subjects with HBs antigen and anti-HBs IgG induced significant amounts of anti-HBs IgG production in 5 of 6 cases, whereas sensitization with HBs antigen alone failed to induce the antibody production in most cases. In vivo administration of HBs vaccine and anti-HBs immunoglobulin to non-responders to the vaccine triggered active anti-HBs antibody responses in 3 of 7 cases in vivo and in 5 of 7 cases in vitro.

Hepatitis B Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

[Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer--effects and side effects of adriamycin, 4'-epi-adriamycin and THP-adriamycin].

In 34 patients with primary advanced breast cancer, intra-arterial administration of ADR (50 mg X 3, total dose 150 mg, 10 cases), 4' epi ADR (50 mg X 3, 150 mg, 8 cases; 70 mg X 3, 210 mg, 10 cases) and THP-ADR (50 mg X 3, 150 mg, 6 cases) was performed, and its effects and side effect were analyzed. The clinical and histological response rate were superior in the ADR (150 mg) regimen and 4'-epi-ADR (150 mg) regimen. Signs of systemic toxicity such as gastrointestinal disorders, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were the side effects in patients treated with THP-ADR, but the frequency of alopecia was lower. No cardiotoxicity was recorded in any of the patients. These results indicated that 4'-epi-ADR given the total dose of 150 mg in a single dosage of 50 mg was the most effective agent in intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1988

Rat hypothalamic arcuate neuron response in electroacupuncture-induced analgesia.

Electroacupuncture (EA) effects on activity of arcuate neurons of the hypothalamus (ARH) and on magnitude of the digastric electromyogram (dEMG) in the jaw opening reflex were investigated, in both p-chlorophenylalanine pretreated and normal Wistar rats. EA stimulation (300-500 microA, 5 msec pulses, for 15 min) was delivered unilaterally to a meridian Ho-Ku point of anesthetized rats at 3, 45 and 100 Hz. In control animals, EA stimulation at 3, 45 or 100 Hz induced long-lasting suppression of the magnitude of the dEMG activity and changed the spontaneous firing rate of most of the ARH neurons: the rate either increased (type I) or decreased (type II). After low-frequency stimulation, there were significantly more type I neurons than type II; after high-frequency stimulation, there were significantly more type II neurons than type I. In serotonin-depleted rats, however, high-frequency stimulation suppressed dEMG activity only slightly and induced a smaller proportion of type II neurons.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Suppressed histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells by ultraviolet B irradiation: decreased diacylglycerol formation as a possible mechanism.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on mast cell functions. Purified mast cells obtained from rat peritoneal cavity were irradiated with UVB and subsequently exposed to a degranulator, compound 48/80, or the calcium ionophore A-23187. The amount of histamine released from mast cells measured by the enzyme isotopic assay was significantly decreased by UVB irradiation (100-400 mJ/cm2). Within this dose range, UVB alone was not cytotoxic to the cells because it did not induce histamine release. The suppression was observed when mast cells were subjected to degranulation without intervals after UVB irradiation, and even after 5 h postirradiation. The wavelength of 300 nm from a monochromatic light source showed the maximum effect. When mast cells prelabeled with [3H]arachidonate were irradiated and challenged by compound 48/80, label accumulation in diacylglycerol produced by the phosphatidylinositol cycle was considerably decreased by UVB irradiation. From these results, we hypothesize that, within an adequate irradiation dose, UVB irradiation suppresses histamine release from mast cells, probably by causing noncytotoxic damage to the membrane phospholipid metabolism, which is tied to the degranulation mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Distribution model for the intact urokinase and urokinases modified by soluble macromolecules in rat and mouse bodies.

The activity of intact urokinase (UK) and urokinases modified by soluble macromolecules (dextran and dextran sulfate sodium) in a mouse body was traced after injection of the 125I-labelled enzymes. The residual fraction of the enzyme in blood can be correlated with the time (t) as follows; Xb = Ae-at + Be-bt + Ce-ct Since a greater than b greater than c, the residual fraction of the enzyme in blood chiefly depends on the magnitude of parameter C. The constant C for modified urokinase was larger than that for urokinase, showing the relative residual in blood was increased by modification of the enzyme. The apparent utilization in 50 min was 13.8% for intact UK, 28.1% for the dextran-UK and 25.2% for the sulfate dextran-UK. Therefore, the apparent utilization of UK in blood was approximately doubled by the modification. Since the half-lives of UK and modified UK in kidney and liver were not long, there were no unacceptable accumulation of the enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Multilocular epidermoid cyst of the spleen--report of a case observed with an electron microscope].

A 27-year-old female, complaining of left hypochondralgia, underwent a splenectomy and a partial pancreatectomy. The spleen, 18.5 x 14 x 6 cm in size and weighing 1060 g., was occupied by a large multicystic mass. The cystic cavities contained turbid chocolate-colored fluid or a yellowish creamy substance. The cysts varied in size and were lined by stratified squamous epithelium. By means of an electron microscope, a few Langer hans cells were seen in the stratified squamous epithelium, but melanocytes and Merkel cells were not noticed. Twenty-eight cases of splenic epidermoid cysts reported in Japan are briefly reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Intraarterial chemo-embolization with adriamycin containing albumin microspheres].

For local treatment of inflammatory breast cancer and recurrent breast cancers with liver metastasis, we applied intraarterial infusion chemoembolization therapy utilizing albumin microspheres containing adriamycin (ADM-ms), which was developed by Morimoto. In this study, there were 2 cases of inflammatory breast cancer and 3 cases of recurrent breast cancers with liver metastasis. Arterial canulation of primary breast cancer were made through both arteries, the internal mammary artery and lateral thoracic artery, which were feeding arteries of the breast. ADM-ms was injected into both arteries and its tumor effect was evaluated clinically and histologically. Remarkable reduction in tumor size was recognized. Histologic examination of resected specimens revealed extensive fibrosis in the center of the primary tumors. A few cancer cells, degenerated in various degrees, were found remaining in the periphery of the necrotic mass. Local side effects of the microspheres were skin disturbances such as pain, redness and blistering. ADM-ms was injected into the hepatic artery for the liver metastatic cases, and its antitumor effect was evaluated by CT scan or echography. Effective reduction in tumor size was only recognized in one case. No serious systemic side effects, not recognized in any case. Our report reviews the effectiveness of this therapy as a preliminary procedure for surgical treatment of inoperable inflammatory breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A novel mechanism for utilization of extracellular AMP in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus could grow with AMP, ADP or ATP as the sole source of carbon. In the presence of Cl-, a membrane-bound Cl(-)-dependent 5'-nucleotidase seemed to hydrolyze the nucleotides extracellularly, and then the cells took up the resulting adenosine. In the absence of Cl-, although no significant dephosphorylation of the nucleotides occurred, the cells could still grow with AMP, but not with ADP or ATP. Moreover, in the presence of Cl-, Zn2+ inhibited the 5'-nucleotidase, and inhibited growth of the cells with ADP or ATP, but not with AMP, as the carbon source. V. parahaemolyticus was unable to grow with adenine or ribose 5-phosphate. These results suggested that the cells might have an AMP transport system. In fact, Na+ uptake was observed on addition of AMP to a cell suspension in the absence of Cl-, indicating Na+-AMP cotransport.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1987

Responses of bradykinin sensitive tooth-pulp driven neurons in cat cerebral cortex.

The properties of single cortical neurons responding to electrical stimulation of the tooth-pulp and to intrapulpal application of bradykinin were studied in the cat. The activities of tooth-pulp driven neurons (TPNs) were recorded from the middle and anterior parts of the coronal gyrus of the cerebral cortex. Bradykinin-sensitive tooth-pulp driven neurons (BK-TPNs) were located in layer IV of area 3b of the anterior part of the coronal gyrus. These neurons had a large cutaneous oro-facial receptive field and received a nociceptive input from the facial skin as well as from the tooth-pulp. The BK-TPNs had a higher threshold and longer latency to electrical stimulation than TPNs insensitive to bradykinin (non BK-TPNs). These findings suggest that BK-TPNs in this cortical area may be involved in sensory processing of noxious information from trigeminal regions.

Action Potentials↗