lac Promoter mutations located downstream from the transcription start site.
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Base Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
K Thornton
Publications and source records attributed to K Thornton.
Medicated early weaning to obtain pigs free from pathogens endemic in the herd of origin.
A field trial was conducted to assess the value of medicated early weaning for obtaining pigs free from some of the pathogens endemic in their herd of origin. The trial comprised 51 sows from a closed herd, which were farrowed in an isolated farrowing house in seven separate groups. The sows in each group were bred at the same time and induced to farrow on the same day. Their thriftiest piglets were weaned at five days of age and moved to an isolated early-weaning unit. At about six weeks of age they were moved to one of three isolated grow-out units where they were held to slaughter weight. Sows in five of the groups were dosed with high levels of tiamulin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide preparations from their entry into the farrowing house until their biggest piglets were weaned. Their piglets were dosed with similar drugs from birth until 10 days of age. The first and seventh groups of sows and their litters were not medicated. Tests were carried out on pigs aged five to 11 weeks, on slaughter pigs, and on pigs which died or were killed at different ages, for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and colonic treponemes, which were readily detectable in the herd of origin. No evidence could be found of mycoplasma or bordetella. Colonic treponemes were recovered from some of the pigs at slaughter, but not from younger pigs. Thirty-seven boars and gilts from the medicated groups were introduced into 11 herds thought to be free of enzootic pneumonia and 13 were introduced into three herds which had enzootic pneumonia. No subsequent signs of enzootic pneumonia were noted in 10 of the enzootic pneumonia-free herds.
Administration, Oral↗
Reciprocal variations in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and pancreatic insulin secretion in women with normal glucose tolerance.
OBJECTIVE: Maintenance of normal glucose tolerance is achieved in subjects with a wide range of insulin sensitivity. It follows, therefore, that the body must possess a sensor mechanism that assesses the body's sensitivity to insulin and appropriately adjusts the secretion of insulin to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. We evaluated the relation between insulin action and insulin secretion. METHODS: Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (1 mU/kg.minute) and hyperglycemic clamp (+125 mg/dL) studies were performed in 32 non-obese women with normal oral glucose tolerance tests. The subjects were stratified into quartiles based upon their insulin-mediated rate of glucose uptake during the euglycemic insulin clamp. RESULTS: Total body glucose disposal varied threefold, ranging from 4.00 to 11.18 mg/kg.minute. A significant inverse relation (r = -0.50, P < .01) was noted between the rate of total body insulin-mediated glucose disposal (insulin clamp) and the total plasma insulin response during the hyperglycemic clamp. Women in the lowest quartile of insulin sensitivity (mean glucose uptake 5.07 +/- 0.20 mg/kg.minute) had the highest plasma insulin response during the hyperglycemic clamp (109 +/- 20 microU/mL). In contrast, women in the highest quartile of insulin sensitivity (glucose uptake 9.90 +/- 0.38 mg/kg.minute) had the lowest plasma insulin response during the hyperglycemic clamp (55 +/- 16 microU/mL; P < .001 versus the lowest quartile). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that among subjects with normal glucose tolerance, there exists a large variation in both insulin-mediated glucose uptake and pancreatic insulin secretion. Nonetheless, normal glucose tolerance is maintained because of a finely regulated balance, which couples the demand for insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells to the level of whole-body insulin sensitivity.
Adult↗
An ethnographic study of differentiated practice in an operating room.
An ethnographic study was conducted to investigate implementation of the clinical nurse III or team leader (TL) role as part of a newly executed nursing differentiated practice model. The six TLs studied were employed in the operating room (OR). Through participant observation, interviews, and document analysis, the TL role--as well as perceptions of the role by the TLs and OR staff--were studied. Problems related to performance of the role and its evolutionary process were delineated. Data analysis involved identifying categories and subcategories of data and developing a coding system to identify themes. Salient themes were related to the culture of the OR. Because of the OR's highly technical environment, the TLs defined their roles in relation to the organizational and technical needs of their surgical service. Refinement of surgeon "preference cards" and "instrument count sheets" was considered the initial priority for the TLs. Various controllable and uncontrollable factors were identified that affected implementation of the new TL role. Findings suggest that introduction of the role requires insight into setting and an emphasis on staging and orientation of employees to the new role.
Anthropology, Cultural↗
A disposable heart-lung machine. Results of animal testing.
A small wave propagation pump (WPP) was incorporated into oxygenators to create a disposable heart-lung machine. The WPP provides undirectional micropulsatile laminar flow of 8 L/min against 800 mmHg. The smaller WPP can generate 4 L/min against 400 mmHg (cardioplegia), or reversed, and can create up to 150 mmHg negative pressure for suction. Power needs were 110 volts and 0.5 amps or 24 volts DC and 1.5 amps. The WPP is self priming (20 cc) and de-aired in less than 3 min. Seven dogs (average weight, 36 kg) were supported for 3 hrs. Flows could accurately be adjusted from 0.005 to 8 L/min. Flow through the oxygenator and perfusion circuit averaged 3.1 L/min (2.0 to 4 L/min). Serial analysis of blood samples showed minimal hemolysis and no significant change in hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood count, red blood count, or platelet count (p > 0.01). The inexpensive WPP oxygenator combination function as a disposable heart-lung machine.
Animals↗
Evidence for in the appearance of mRNAs of nucleotide excision repair genes, in human ovarian cancer tissues.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the DNA repair pathway through which cisplatin-DNA intrastrand adduct is repaired. Clinical studies have shown that increased mRNA expression of selected genes involved in the rate-limiting step of NER, appear to be closely associated with clinical resistance to platinum agents. These specific studies have led to the possibility of an assessment of the order in which, the appearance of mRNAs of selected NER genes may occur. Included in this assessment are ERCC1, XPB, CSB, and XPA, studied in 28 ovarian cancer tumor tissue specimens. The study of these four genes, in pairs, from 28 ovarian cancer specimens, results in 168 separate observations. Based on the mRNA expression patterns of these genes in these tissues, it is suggested that ERCC1 mRNA may appear before the mRNA of any of the other genes, in an obligate fashion. This is followed by XPB mRNA; which appears before the mRNA of XPA; which in turn, may appear before CSB. This pattern is consistent with what we have reported previously, in non-malignant human bone marrow specimens from a cohort of 52 patients.
Adenocarcinoma↗