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K Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to K Thomas.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Throat swab in the chronic tonsillitis: how reliable and valid is it?

INTRODUCTION: The diagnostic test of swabbing the surface of the tonsil as a culture specimen for the determination of the organism responsible for the tonsil infection is still in practice, despite controversy. To date there has been no reports of establishing the reliability and validity of this common diagnostic test by appropriate statistical test of Likelihood ratios taking into consideration the specificity and sensitivity. AIMS: To assess the reliability and validity of throat swab in the diagnosis of bacterial microflora in chronic tonsillitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 40 patients clinically diagnosed to have chronic tonsillitis undergoing tonsillectomy was undertaken. The reliability of the throat surface swab was then assessed and validated with the reference (gold) standard of tonsil core culture. RESULTS: The likelihood ratio of this diagnostic test being positive (LR +ve) was 0.84 to similar and 1.3 to general organism pathogen. CONCLUSION: Routine culture of the throat by surface swab in the accurate diagnosis of bacterial flora in chronic tonsillitis is neither reliable nor valid. The clinical implications of this investigation which is still very popular is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Purpura fulminans in a patient with malaria.

A case of purpura fulminans in a 44 year old woman infected with malaria is reported. The patient had laboratory findings consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation and a severe eruption consisting of hemorrhagic bullae and crusts. This case is presented to elucidate another cutaneous manifestation of malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Transient asceptic arthritis of knees in a patient with melioidosis.

Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are known manifestations of melioidosis. Whether reactive arthritis can occur as a sequele to B. pseudomallei infection, is yet to be seen. As more and more cases of melioidosis will be reported in future, this aspect has to be kept in mind.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence of asymptomatic cardiac ischemia in men with diabetes mellitus type I].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of 'silent ischaemia' of the myocardium in male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a non-invasive cardiac examination, and to determine what clinical variables are related to silent ischaemia. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional. METHOD: Males aged 20-69 years who visited the outpatient department of Internal Medicine of the De Weezenlanden Hospital in Zwolle between 1 February 1992 and 31 January 1995, and who showed no symptoms of ischaemic cardiopathy (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or arrhythmias) or of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were examined for cardiac ischaemia by means of a 24-hour Holter registration and a perfusion scintigram after administration of dipyridamol. In order to demonstrate a possible connection between cardiovascular risk factors and silent ischaemia, the patients with an abnormal and those with a normal scintigram were compared by means of multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Data were collected on 92 successive patients, with a median age of 40 years (range 22-69). There were 19 patients (21%) with an abnormal myocardial scintigram. On average they were older and had a longer history of diabetes mellitus. An abnormal Holter registration was observed in 14 patients (15%), abnormality of either the Holter registration or the myocardial scintigram in 28 patients (30%) and abnormality of both the myocardial scintigram and the Holter registration in 5 patients (5%). The duration of the diabetes mellitus, and a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg were statistically significant and independent predictors of an abnormal myocardial scintigram (relative risks 1.08 and 3.4 per year, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiac ischaemia in males with type 1 diabetes mellitus without cardiac symptoms is approximately 20%. Abnormal test results were associated with a longer duration of the diabetes mellitus and a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prenatal diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus by culture and polymerase chain reaction: 98 pregnancies leading to congenital infection.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of viral intra-uterine infection. The experience with prenatal diagnosis remains limited and is based on few reports of small numbers of cases. It is thus difficult to compare the accuracy of the different tests because the groups studied were small and heterogeneous. We describe here our experience on a series of 98 pregnancies leading to HCMV congenital infection, among which 71 have been tested by amniotic fluid (AF) sampling followed by culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Independently of the delay between AF sampling and the first HCMV IgM positive result, the mean sensitivity of both culture and PCR was around 70 per cent. The best sensitivity (95.5 per cent) was obtained after a delay > or = 6 weeks in late pregnancy (> or = 23 weeks). The present study demonstrated clearly that the delay between AF puncture and the presumed date of seroconversion is more important for sensitivity than the technique used for the diagnosis (PCR or culture). However, even in the best diagnostic conditions, negative results of HCMV culture or PCR in AF cannot formally exclude intra-uterine infection.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1999

Nasopharyngeal colonization of infants in southern India with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

To investigate the dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, and to determine the prevalent serogroups/types (SGT) and their antimicrobial susceptibility, we studied 100 infants attending our well-baby clinic. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained at 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 weeks and at 9 and 18 months of age and submitted for culture, serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. pneumoniae. Colonization with pneumococcus was seen on at least one occasion in 81 infants. The median age of acquisition was 11 weeks and the median duration of carriage was 1 3 months. The common SGTs identified were 6, 19, 14 and 15. SGT 1, which was a common invasive isolate in children in our hospital during this period, was not isolated from these children. Sequential colonization by 2, 3 or 4 SGTs was observed in 18, 5 and 2 children, respectively. Resistance to penicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and erythromycin was observed in 0, 13 (6%) 11 (5 %) and 5 (3 %) isolates, respectively. There was a significant difference in susceptibility to cotrimoxazole between colonizing and invasive isolates (5 % vs. 40 %, P<0.0001).

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1999

Colour shift following tattoo removal with Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (1064/532).

Colour shift in tattoo pigment is a recognised complication of laser tattoo treatment. We report our experience over the past 4 years in treating 275 patients, with a total of 323 professional tattoos. Of these, 184 tattoos contained a pigment other than black with 33 displaying a colour shift as a consequence of laser treatment. This adverse effect was recorded with red, yellow, crimson and brown pigments but most frequently with white/flesh pigments. We found brown and white/flesh coloured pigments to be significantly more likely to change colour compared to red and that the chance of certain colours shifting related to the age of the tattoo. We outline our management of this problem and discuss the results of continued treatment.

Color↗
PubMed1999

Spread of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 996 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical specimens was investigated in 11 Asian countries from September 1996 to June 1997. Korea had the greatest frequency of nonsusceptible strains to penicillin with 79.7%, followed by Japan (65.3%), Vietnam (60.8%), Thailand (57.9%), Sri Lanka (41.2%), Taiwan (38.7%), Singapore (23.1%), Indonesia (21.0%), China (9.8%), Malaysia (9.0%), and India (3.8%). Serotypes 23F and 19F were the most common. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of 154 isolates from Asian countries showed several major PFGE patterns. The serotype 23F Spanish clone shared the same PFGE pattern with strains from Korea, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Malaysia. Fingerprinting analysis of pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b genes of 12 strains from six countries also showed identical fingerprints of penicillin-binding protein genes in most strains. These data suggest the possible introduction and spread of international epidemic clones into Asian countries and the increasing problems of pneumococcal drug resistance in Asian countries for the first time.

Aminoacyltransferases↗
PubMed1999

Distribution and pathophysiology of acute lobar collapse in the pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: The high incidence of lower lobe collapse in adult intensive care patients is well described. We aimed to document the incidence and distribution of acute lobar collapse in the pediatric intensive care setting. The influence of anatomical and pathophysiological differences between the adult and pediatric respiratory tract will be considered. DESIGN: Retrospective review of chest radiograph series. SETTING: Tertiary referral center for pediatric intensive care and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology in a large teaching hospital in England. PATIENTS: Cohort of 160 patients receiving intensive care during a 2-yr period (age range, 6 days-18 yrs; median, 23 months). INTERVENTIONS: None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four of 160 children (15%) developed acute lobar collapse during their intensive care unit admission. Isolated right upper lobe collapse occurred in 14 patients, right upper lobe in association with one or more other lobes in five patients, and lobar collapse other than the right upper lobe in five patients. The development of lobar collapse and, in particular, right upper lobe collapse was associated with a lower median age (no collapse, 26 months; lobar collapse, 8 months; right upper lobe collapse, 4 months). Lobar collapse was significantly associated with the requirement for mechanical ventilation during admission (chi-square, 12.18; p = .005). It was observed in association with both high and low endotracheal tube positions. CONCLUSION: The predominance of upper lobe and, in particular, right upper lobe collapse observed in pediatric intensive care patients contrasts with the high incidence of lower lobe collapse in their adult counterparts. Multiple interrelated factors are likely to be contributory and include the following: a) anatomical and physiological differences between adults and children; b) the pathophysiology of childhood respiratory disease; c) more critical positioning of endotracheal tubes in younger patients and their movement with patient positioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Child abuse and dentistry: a study of knowledge and attitudes among dentists in Victoria, Australia.

Child abuse is a disturbingly common finding in society today. In view of the high proportion of orofacial injuries seen in victims of child abuse, dentists are in a strategic position to recognize and report suspected cases. The present study of 347 dentists in Victoria, Australia, assessed the level of knowledge and attitudes among dental professionals on the important issue of child abuse. While a high level of interest was shown by the participants towards this issue, a need for further information and training in the recognition and reporting of child abuse was seen in the survey findings. While dentists at present are not legally mandated in all states of Australia to report suspected cases of child abuse, the dental profession is in a key position to play an active role in the identification and reporting of this substantial community problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by coagglutination with 12 pooled antisera.

We report on the performance of a recently introduced commercial chessboard method using 12 antisera, in comparison with that of the 55-antiserum panel used in determining the serogroups and types (SGTs) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both of which were carried out by a coagglutination technique. Of a total of 150 strains of S. pneumoniae studied, 135 (90%) belonged to the SGTs represented in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine; of these, 130 (96.3%) were identified as the same SGTs by both typing methods. The remaining five strains showed cross-reactivity with more than two pools by the chessboard method, but could be assigned to a single SGT by the Quellung test. The 96.3% concordance of the chessboard method suggests it can be adopted for determination of the SGTs of S. pneumoniae in laboratories.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1999

Clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine. Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine. DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCISEARCH databases were performed, reference lists of retrieved articles were reviewed, and first authors of published studies were contacted. STUDY SELECTION: Studies of use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults were included if the study design was a randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trial and at least one of the following clinical outcomes was reported: vaccine-type systemic pneumococcal infection, systemic pneumococcal infection, vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, non-vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia. SYNTHESIS: Study quality was assessed and descriptive information concerning the study populations, interventions, and outcome measurements was extracted for 13 trials involving more than 65,000 patients. Estimates of vaccine efficacy, based on a meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized trials, were determined for clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine can be expected to reduce the risk of systemic infection due to pneumococcal types included in the vaccine by 83% and systemic infection due to all pneumococci by 73%. We found no evidence that the vaccine was less efficacious for the elderly, institutionalized people, or those with chronic disease.

Adolescent↗