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Biomedical subjects

K Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to K Tashiro.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Detection of cell death of cultured mouse mesangial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

The objectives of the present study using cultured mouse mesangial cells (MMC) were (1) to evaluate the type of cytotoxicity induced by oxidized (ox) LDL, i.e. apoptosis, necrosis and types of other cell death and (2) to investigate the pathway of cell death under incubation with antioxidants or scavenger receptor (SR) antagonists. LDH release and a morphological examination were used in this study. Trypan blue staining of MMC was performed to detect dead cells in culture. Cytotoxicity of ox-LDL in MMC was found to be dose- and time-dependent. In the morphological study of electron microscopy, three different types of cell death in ox-LDL-treated MMC were identified. In the morphological study with semithin sections, these three types of dead cells were identified at different dosages of ox-LDL. Type 1 or type 2 dead cells were observed in low dose ox-LDL or in middle-dose ox-LDL-treated MMC, respectively. Type 3 dead cells were marked in high dose ox-LDL-treated MMC. It appears that the cells were apoptotic (type 1), necrotic (type 3) and other types (type 2). The cytotoxicity of ox-LDL was not mediated by cellular internalization of ox-LDL via SRs. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of ox-LDL was inhibited by antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol, probucol, N-acetyl-cysteine or glutathione ethyl ester. It is indicated that the pathways of ox-LDL induced cell death were distinct from the pathway via SRs.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1999

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in a patient with the antiphospholipid syndrome.

We describe a 50-year-old woman who developed severe pain of the left lower limb after an episode of thrombophlebitis. Bone scintigraphy and thermography showed results indicative of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Laboratory analysis revealed the presence of the lupus anticoagulant. The patient was diagnosed as antiphospholipid syndrome complicated with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the left lower limb. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with reflex sympathetic dystrophy with underlying antiphospholipid syndrome.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

[Effects of isatin, an endogenous MAO inhibitor, on dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations in rats].

Isatin (indole-2,3-dione), an endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), has several physiological properties for stress and anxiety. We previously identified isatin in the brain of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. This study elucidated the effects of isatin on the ACh and DA levels of brain tissues in rats. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of isatin on DA levels in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by Japanese encephalitis virus. Striatal ACh and DA levels significantly increased at 2 hours after isatin (50-200 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Perfused through a microdialysis probe, isatin (10(-6)-10(-4) M) also produced a significant and concentration-dependent increase in the ACh and DA concentrations in the perfusate from the rat striatum. Furthermore, urinary isatin concentrations in patients with Parkinson's disease tend to increase according to the severity of disease. Isatin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased striatal DA levels in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. These results suggest that urinary isatin may become a diagnostic marker for the clinical severity of Parkinson's disease and that endogenous isatin, a new biological modulator, may play a role in the regulation of the brain levels of ACh by increasing the level of DA under stress.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1999

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with multiple hypertrophic nerves in intracranial, and intra- and extra-spinal segments.

Hypertrophic nerves have occasionally been seen in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), but most are in the cauda equina. We report a case with CIDP in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancement demonstrated hypertrophy of various peripheral nerves including multiple cranial nerves. Interestingly, none showed neurological signs corresponding to the lesions, except for clinical signs consistent with CIDP. MRI can be useful for the detection of silent, but abnormal nerve involvement in CIDP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Two similar cases of encephalopathy, possibly a reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: serial findings of magnetic resonance imaging, SPECT and angiography.

Two young women who had encephalopathy that resembled reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome are presented. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these patients exhibited similar T2-high signal lesions, mostly in the white matter of the posterior hemispheres. Xe-SPECT during the patients' symptomatic period showed hypoperfusion in the corresponding areas, and angiography demonstrated irregular narrowing of the posterior cerebral artery. Clinical manifestations subsided soon after treatment, and the abnormal radiological findings also were almost completely resolved. Thus, we concluded that transient hypoperfusion followed by ischemia and cytotoxic edema might have had a pivotal role in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clonality of primary pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders; using in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin.

Primary pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders (PLDs) are histologically divided into a neoplastic state of high and low grade malignant lymphoma (ML), and a reactive state of follicular bronchitis/bronchiolitis (FB) and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP). We reviewed 19 cases with PLDs, including 4 cases each of high and low grade B cell ML, 6 FB cases, and 5 cases of LIP. To clarify the clonality of the proliferating cells, we performed an immunohistochemical examination (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH) for the immunoglobulin light chain and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene using DNA obtained from paraffin sections. In addition, a Southern blot analysis was also performed in 6 cases using fresh materials. In IHC, all ML were positive for L26 (CD20), while the monoclonality of the kappa light chain was observed in only one high grade case. However, using ISH we could detect the clonality in three of four high grade ML cases and in one of four low grade ML cases. In FB and LIP, no clonality of immunoglobulin by ISH was observed. In a PCR analysis for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, we could detect one or two prominent bands in all 8 cases of high and low grade ML. On the other hand, in all cases of FB and LIP, we could only detect either an oligoclonal or polyclonal population. In summary, the presence of monoclonality of ISH and/or PCR for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene were limited in the neoplastic state, but not in the reactive state.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Double cancer observed from bladder cancer].

BACKGROUND: In recent years, despite of the improvement of treatment results for cancer and long life, the occurrence of second primary cancer was increased. In this paper, we analyzed present condition of double cancer observed with bladder cancer in our hospital. METHOD: Last 21 years, we have treated 969 cases (828 male and 141 female) of primary bladder cancer. For those cases, we analyzed in term of frequency, involved organ, age, interval between two cancer occurrence, risk factor and prognosis of double cancer patients. RESULT: Of 969 cases with bladder cancer, 81 cases (8.36%) had double cancer involving 6 cases (0.61%) of triple cancer. In sex, 70 males (9.78%) and 11 females (7.80%) had double cancer. As involved organs, 25 cases (3.02%) had in prostate, 23 cases (2.37%) in stomach, 3 case (2.13%) in breast, 14 cases (1.44%) in colon and rectum. In diagnosis timing of complicated cancer from bladder cancer, 28 cases (34.6%) were diagnosed previously to bladder, 28 cases (34.6%) were simultaneously and 31 cases (38.3%) were secondary. An average interval of diagnosis of two cancer were 49 +/- 42.5 months. An average age of occurrence of second cancer was 70.3 +/- 8.8 years. Actual survival rate from diagnosis of bladder cancer were 90.8%, 68.6%, 53.3% and 30.3%, after 1, 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Ten cases were dead by bladder cancer, 21 cases by complicated cancer and 16 cases by another cause. CONCLUSION: The incidence of double cancer with bladder cancer were increased. Prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer were gradually increased as complicated organs in Japan. The prognosis of double cancer patients with bladder cancer was poor than single bladder cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in relation to the spinal cord conduction velocities].

The lumbar-to-cervical conduction velocity (spinal cord conduction velocity, SCCV) was electrophysiologically studied in 14 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The age of these patients ranged from 37 to 63, averaging 51.0 years old. We recorded the spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) from the surface electrodes at the level of the C2 spine and the T12 spine by the simultaneous stimulation of bilateral posterior tibial nerves. SCCV from the lumbar to cervical was measured from the latency difference between both SSEPs elicited at the each position. As the results, SCCVs were in the range of 50.6-66.6 (58.6 +/- 4.7: mean +/- SD) m/sec in normal age matched controls (18 adult volunteers, 46-63 years old, averaging, 52.7). On the other hand, in ALS patients, SCCVs were in the range of 42.1-67.1 (53.5 +/- 7.8: mean +/- SD) m/sec, values of which were lowered compared to those in normal subjects. These examination documented 4 out of 14 patients with ALS (28.6%) showing abnormalities beyond standard deviation. The vibration sense was checked by using 128 Hz tuning fork at the ankles, and for the quantitative measurement, a newly designed vibriometer being attached the piezoelectric accelerometer to the end of 128 Hz tuning fork was applied in 14 ALS patients. The vibration sense at the ankles was diminished in 6 patients, and 3 patients showed the abnormalities beyond 2 standard deviations. The degree of lowering in SCCVs among ALS patients were correlated with the degree of diminution of impaired vibration sense and the duration of illness, but were not correlated with the H/M ratio and the latency difference between T wave and H wave. Since SSEP impulses are transmitted in dorsal columns and dorsolateral fasciculus predominantly by large diameter and fast-conduction fibers, our results may suggest that, in ALS patients, spinal cord conduction velocities of ascending fibers mediating the dorsal columns and dorsolateral fasciculus are disturbed compared to those in normal subjects, and that the functional disturbance of ascending fibers mediating the dorsal columns and dorsolateral fasciculus plays the important role in the high rates of impaired vibration sense among ALS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia exhibiting immunophenotypic features of a myeloid/natural killer cell precursor.

We report a patient with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) which transformed into blast crisis bearing the immunophenotypic features similar to those of the myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell precursor leukemia we proposed previously. Using a CD45 blast gating method, the myeloperoxidase-negative blasts were positive for CD7, CD13, CD33, CD34, CD56, and HLA-DR, but no other lymphoid antigens. Southern blot analysis showed germ line T cell receptor beta and delta genes and immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes. Although NK cell blastic transformation with Ph1 positive CML has been reported in a single patient, this is, to our knowledge, the first report of CML blast crisis of myeloid/NK cell precursor origin.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[The clinical usefulness of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy].

To explore the optimum dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.Ig) for treating patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyrneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy, we compared the usefulness of i.v.Ig among 3 treatment doses. Fifty-nine patients were randomly divided into three treatment dosage groups: 20 patients for Group I using 50 mg/kg/day x 5 days, 19 patients Group II using 200 mg/kg/day x 5 days, and 20 patients Group III using 400 mg/kg/day x 5 days. We assessed clinically and electrophysiologically the effectiveness of the treatment at 5 weeks after the initial infusion. For patients in Group I and II who had not improved (or worsened) with the first treatment, we gave a one-step larger dose in the second treatment (i.e. 200 mg/kg/day x 5 days for those who had been given 50 mg/kg/day x 5 days, 400 mg/kg/day x 5 days for those who had been given 200 mg/kg/day x 5 days) after more than 9 weeks. We found that 15% of the patients in Group I, 21% in Group II and 60% in Group III improved dose-dependently with the first intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Seven (47%) of 16 patients in Group I and 4 (40%) of 11 patients in Group II improved after the second treatment with larger doses. Adverse reactions including chill sensation, fever, skin eruption and increase in blood GOT and GPT levels were transient and mild. One patient in Group III developed left hemiparesis showing the small infarction in the right thalamus during the course of the treatment, but the symptom was mild. In conclusion, the high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (400 mg/kg/day x 5 days) is useful for treating patients with CIDP and MMN, although care must be taken of the risk of causing cerebral infarctions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Frequencies of triplet repeat disorders in dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in the Japanese].

A total of 500 SCA patients were examined at the Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University, from 1982 to 1997 (16 years), and 42.2% of them showed positive family history for SCA. Their diagnoses were re-evaluated, based on the current diagnostic criteria including SCA genotyping. A total of 228 patients consisted of MJD (24.6%), SCA6 (11.8%), SCA1 (10.5%), SCA2 (4.4%), DRPLA (0.004%), pure familial spastic paraplegia (FSP, 5.7%), complicated FSP (4.8%), Friedreich ataxia (FRDA)-like recessive SCA (1.8%), "ADCA I" (12.7%), "ADCA III" in which SCA genotypes were not determined (13.6%), and "ADCA III" whose mutations were different from SCA6 (9.6%). Since our "ADCA I" mostly showed MJD phenotype and approximately half of genotyped "ADCA III" was found to be SCA6, both MJD and SCA6 were estimated to be the most prevalent dominant SCA in our subjects. There was no SCA7, or FRDA with unstable GAA repeat expansion. DRPLA has been considered rather prevalent SCA in Japan, however, it was exceedingly rare in our subjects, indicating that the prevalence is different even within Japan.

Asian People↗
PubMed1999

[Anti-HIV-1 genes; genetic restriction of AIDS pathogenesis by gene variants].

Three genes which have variants acting as anti-HIV-1 were described so far. Among three, two are genes encoding receptors for chemokines, namely CCR5 and CCR2, which act as entry coreceptors for HIV-1 virus. The other gene is SDF1 gene. SDF-1, a cytokine belonging to the chemokine family has an inhibitory activity against the HIV-1 infection, because SDF-1 Is the physiological ligand for CXCR4, the entry coreceptor for T tropic HIV-1 virus. Recently, an SDF1 gene polymorphism was figured out to be one of the human genetic factors which regulate the period between the HIV-1 infection and the AIDS onset. By this finding, it was strongly suggested that SDF-1 regulates the onset of AIDS in the actual human population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

[Percutaneous resection of renal pelvic fibroepithelial polyp with medullary sponge kidney: a case report].

Benign polyp of the renal pelvis is extremely rare. We report a case of fibroepithelial polyp in the renal pelvis complicated with medullary sponge kidney successfully treated by percutaneous resection. The patient had recurrent bilateral renal stones because of medullary sponge kidney. Percutaneous resection of renal pelvic polyps was carried out through a 26 Fr Amplatz sheath using a 24 Fr resectoscope. Pathological diagnosis was a fibroepithelial polyp. The etiology of this polyp was suggested to be chronic irritation of renal stone.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Late phase II clinical study for bropirimine (U-54461S) in situ carcinoma of the bladder: follow-up investigation. Bropirimine Study Group].

A follow-up investigation was conducted on a Late Phase II clinical study of bropirimine for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder. We previously reported that 48 patients were enrolled and 17 patients achieved complete remission (CR) in the Late Phase II study. Of the 17 CR patients, 5 had recurrence, but 9 were recurrence free for a year and 5 have remained so for more than 2 years (median follow-up: 29.1 +/- 4.2 months). The 1-year and 2-year recurrence-free rates calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method were 70.3% and 61.5% respectively. Of all the 47 bropirimine-treated patients, 11 underwent total cystectomy (median follow-up: 31.8 +/- 5.2 months). The rates of bladder preservation after 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method were 87.2%, 80.7%, and 74.0% respectively. Of the 39 patients who did not respond to bropirimine or suffered from recurrence after bropirimine treatment, 19 received subsequent intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy and 13 achieved CR (68.4%). This suggests that bropirimine does not decrease the efficacy of BCG therapy. In the present study, the prognosis was confirmed to be favorable after bropirimine therapy. Bropirimine would thus seem to be a useful oral anticancer agent for bladder CIS.

Administration, Intravesical↗