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Biomedical subjects

K Tardiff

Publications and source records attributed to K Tardiff.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The effect of pass-fail on the selection and performance of residents.

Responses from 760 directors of residency training showed that almost three-fourths of them do not give preference to students from graded schools when selecting residents and that over three-fourths of the directors rated the performance of pass-fail students equal to that of graded students. However, when their responses were analyzed in relation to the characteristics of their programs, it became apparent that there was a greater likelihood of giving preference and higher ratings of performance to graded students if the programs were in medicine, surgery, or obstetrics/gynecology; if they filled all of their positions in the match; and if they were located in the West or South. In addition, there were differences between specialties in regard to how they valued various types of information in the selection of residents in the absence of grades as well as general dissatisfaction with the accuracy and quantity of nongraded information submitted to them.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1980

Factors related to increased risk of assaultive behavior in suicidal patients.

This study compared suicidal patients with assaultive behavior to suicidal patients without assaultive behavior. Of 667 suicidal male patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals during the study period, 90 (14%) were assaultive at the time of or just prior to admission, while of the 893 female suicidal patients admitted, 60 (7%) were assaultive. Male assaultive suicidal patients were more likely than non-assaultive males to be referred to hospitals by the law and mental health services, while female assaultive patients were more likely to be 34 years of age or younger and to have primary psychiatric diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia, alcohol or drug abuse, or psychotic organic brain syndrome. For both sexes, assaultive suicidal patients were more likely to have delusions, hallucinations, feelings of suspicion or persecution as well as anger, belligerence, agitation and anti-social behavior. There was no significant difference between assaultive and non-assaultive suicidal patients in regard to the frequency of depressive symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ethnicity and patterns of help-seeking.

This study reconstructs and analyzes pathways of help-seeking traveled by severely disabled mental patients in the community. Ethnicity is a prime factor in differentiating patterns of help-seeking in that Chinese patients are kept for prolonged periods of time within their families in the beginning of pathways, while Anglo-Saxons and Middle Europeans are referred by their families or themselves to multiple social and mental health agencies. Native Indians are referred by persons other than family members or themselves between social and legal agencies in the community. Eventually all of these pathways lead to psychiatric inpatient intervention. There are major impediments to treatment in these patterns, most notably isolation and deterioration of patients within confines of families or lack of coordination of agencies in the community. Recommendations aimed at the improvement of treatment in the community are presented in light of these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood trauma as a correlate of lifetime opiate use in psychiatric patients.

Associations have been reported between childhood sexual and/or physical abuse and adult substance abuse in general. This study investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and opiate use in particular among 763 consecutively admitted psychiatric inpatients. Patients were interviewed about demographic information, alcohol and drug use, and history of interpersonal violence. Opiate users were 2.7 times more likely to have a history of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse than nonopiate users, after controlling for diagnostic and sociodemographic variables. Opiate use was higher among those reporting physical abuse alone (24.1%) or both physical and sexual abuse (27%) than among those reporting sexual abuse alone (8.8%). Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A profile of homicides on the streets and in the homes of New York City.

Although prior research has found that homes containing firearms and illicit drug and ethanol users are more likely to be the scene of a homicide than homes that do not contain these elements, the authors studied homicides on the streets as well as in homes so as to assess the role of firearms, cocaine, and ethanol in both settings. Using the files of the Chief Medical Examiner, the authors reviewed all 4,468 homicides occurring in New York City in 1990 and 1991. The most frequent places of occurrence were the streets and other outdoor places (49.6 percent) and the victims' homes (19.3 percent). Firearms were the cause of death for 49.6 percent of homicides in the home and 80.3 percent of those on the streets. Use of cocaine and ethanol was found more frequently among victims killed on the streets than those killed at home. In addition, victims killed on the streets were more likely to be male, ages 15-24 years, and African American. Further research in regard to prevention and intervention strategies is needed, keeping in mind the different patterns of homicide on the streets compared with those occurring in other settings.

Adolescent↗