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Biomedical subjects

K Tanikawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Tanikawa.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Serum marker for hepatic fibrosis and related liver pathology.

A close correlation has been demonstrated between levels of various serum markers for hepatic fibrosis and related liver pathological changes by determination of serum extracellular matrix components and immune electron microscopic studies of the liver in various hepatic diseases. Our studies indicated that serum laminin level is a useful marker for evaluating the degree of hepatic fibrosis and serum hyaluronate is a good marker for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by evaluating the degree of sinusoidal capillarization.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1994

IL-8 as an important chemoattractant for neutrophils in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

IL-8 is generating increasing interest as a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and activator. To elucidate the mechanisms of neutrophil infiltration in inflammatory bowel disease, we examined 33 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 18 with Crohn's disease (CD), eight with some other type of colitis, and 18 normal control subjects for measurement of IL-8 in homogenates of colonic biopsy specimens. The affected colonic mucosa was found to contain significantly more IL-8 in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease than in patients with inactive disease (UC, P < 0.001; CD, P < 0.001), in patients with other types of colitis (UC, P < 0.05; CD, P < 0.01), or in normal control subjects (UC, P < 0.001; CD, P < 0.001). Colonic IL-8 levels correlated significantly with the macroscopic grade of local inflammation, especially in patients with UC (P < 0.001). Colonic IL-8 levels also correlated well with the neutrophil numbers in mucosal tissue (UC, r = 0.950, P < 0.001; CD, r = 0.940, P < 0.001), and with colonic IL-1 beta (r = 0.911, P < 0.001) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels (r = 0.604, P < 0.001) in patients with these two conditions. These data suggest a potential role for IL-8 and its regulatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-alpha in mediating neutrophil infiltration of the gut wall in inflammatory bowel disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A patient with hepatic granuloma formation and angiotensin-converting enzyme production by granuloma cells during clinical relapse of hepatitis A.

Elevation of the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) level and hepatic granulomas were found during a clinical relapse in a 22 year old patient with acute viral hepatitis type A (AVH-A). The serum transaminase level and sACE level remained high for more than 6 months. In the biopsied specimen of the liver, fibrous rings of granulomas composed of collagen types I, III, and V were observed. Furthermore, the localization of ACE was visible in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of epithelioid cells of granulomas in the liver under electron microscopy using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. These results suggest that granuloma cells in the liver caused by hepatitis A may be involved in ACE production. In addition, other diseases associated with the presence of granulomas in the liver, such as lymphoma, cytomegalovirus infection, visceral leishmaniasis, and lupoid hepatitis, were ruled out. However, the hepatic granulomas disappeared with the healing of AVH-A. In this regard, the present case is considered to be one of the very few cases of hepatic sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Role of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, a member of the interleukin-8 family, in rat experimental colitis.

A study was made of the role of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), regarded as a member of the interleukin-8 family, in rat experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol. Colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, a marker of tissue neutrophil infiltration, was observed to reach a plateau from 24 h to 1 week following the induction of colitis; tissue CINC levels, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rose rapidly, peaking at 12 h before the rise in myeloperoxidase activity. The time-course of tissue leukotriene B4, another chemoattractant, was followed by that of MPO activity. Neutrophil accumulation into tissue in this model would thus appear to be under the control of CINC. Anti-CINC was also noted to inhibit 32.9 to 58.1% of chemotactic activity determined by bioassay during the same period, this being further evidence that CINC is a major chemotactic agent in this model. The present results indicate that CINC may have a crucial role in initiating neutrophil infiltration in experimental colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Morphological observation on extrahepatic bile duct of golden hamsters fed a lithogenic diet: histochemical, ultrastructural and cell kinetic studies.

Cholelithiasis is often accompanied with disorders of the extrahepatic bile duct and pancreas. However, studies on changes of the extrahepatic bile duct in cholecystolithiasis have not shown this clearly. We therefore investigated sequential histologic changes, mucous secretion and DNA synthetic activity of the extrahepatic bile duct epithelium in cholecystolithiasis. Serial changes in the mucosal epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct in golden hamsters treated with a lithogenic diet were examined by light and electron microscopy and an ultrastructural quantitative technique. In addition, epithelial cell kinetics were studied using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). After the 2nd week of diet, the extrahepatic bile duct showed an increase in goblet cells of the mucosal epithelium, a large number of secretory granules in the upper nuclear area of the epithelial cells and an increase in the BrdU-labeling index compared with the controls. These findings indicate that mucous secretion and cell turnover were enhanced in the mucosal epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct in cholelithiasis, suggesting that the epithelial cells of the bile duct were protected and regenerating.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Colonic mucosal interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in inflammatory bowel disease.

To clarify the role of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we assessed the local IL-1ra concentrations in tissue homogenates using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and examined the immunohistochemical localization using a monoclonal antibody against IL-1ra. In patients with IBD, regardless of the disease activity, the mucosal concentration of IL-1ra in affected areas was elevated, and the concentration during the active phase was comparable to that measured during the inactive phase. In contrast, the IL-1 beta tissue concentration was higher during the active than during the inactive phase. The IL-1ra/IL-1 beta tissue concentration ratio in the affected areas was decreased in patients with active IBD as compared with normal controls or patients with other types of colitis. Immunohistochemical studies identified lamina propria mononuclear cells, especially macrophages, as the major source of IL-1ra in IBD tissue. Our results suggest that IL-1ra plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation in IBD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Function of asialoglycoprotein receptor of hepatocytes in patients with Wilson's disease.

The function of hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptors was analyzed in normal subjects, in patients with Wilson's disease and in patients with chronic hepatitis C. A new radionuclide liver imaging, using Technetium-99m diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin, was applied to evaluate the function of the receptor, and a Receptor Index, LHL 15, which was calculated by dividing the radioactivity of the liver region-of-interest (ROI) by that of the liver plus heart ROI at 15 min after the radiolabeled ligand injection, was evaluated. The values were similar between the patients with Wilson's disease and patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatocyte receptors for asialoglycoproteins were not affected specifically in patients with Wilson's disease, suggesting that the defect in patients with Wilson's disease involves steps other than receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoceruloplasmin via asialoglycoprotein receptor.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Serum HCV-RNA for evaluation of interferon-readministration to the former non responders in chronic hepatitis C].

We investigated the efficacy of retreatment with interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C who were non responders to the initial interferon treatment. The results were as follows: 1) The effective rate was very low and 2 of the 16 responded to the 2nd treatment. 2) Serum HCV-RNA levels before retreatment with interferon were compared among the 4 responders and the 13 non responders to interferon and it was significantly lower in the 4 responders. 3) HCV-genotypes may be useful to predict the efficacy of interferon readministration.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Portal vein hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy: an echo-Doppler study.

Portal hypertensive gastropathy is a major complication of cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to characterize portal vein hemodynamics and sympathetic nervous activity in cirrhotic patients with gastropathy. Forty-seven cirrhotics (mild gastropathy in 7) and 25 controls were included in this study. Portal vein hemodynamics was assessed by echo-Doppler, and sympathetic nervous activity by plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations. Portal blood flow was similar in cirrhotics and controls. However, the congestion index of the portal vein (calculated as the ratio of cross-sectional area and blood velocity) was significantly higher in the former than in the latter. Furthermore, the congestion index of the portal vein paralleled the severity of the gastropathy (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were higher in cirrhotics than in controls. However, there was no linear relationship between plasma adrenaline (ANOVA, NS) and noradrenaline (ANOVA, NS) concentrations and the severity of gastropathy. These results suggest a relative contribution of "passive congestion" in the pathogenesis of gastropathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Cardiovascular responsiveness after isotonic exercise in cirrhotic patients: study on sympathoadrenergic and renin-angiotensin systems.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular responsiveness after isotonic exercise in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: Included were 11 cirrhotic patients and 10 age-matched normal subjects, who served as controls. Hemodynamic data were obtained on each subject before and after muscle exercise on a treadmill (7 metabolic units). Plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity also were determined. RESULTS: In both groups, isotonic exercise increased heart rate and systolic arterial pressure, whereas diastolic arterial pressure was not modified. The increase in heart rate and systolic arterial pressure did not differ significantly between the two groups. Plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity also were increased. The changes in plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity was higher in cirrhotic patients than in controls (p < 0.05, p < 0.05), although the differences were not significant when calculated as a percentage. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular responsiveness to isotonic exercise is almost intact in cirrhotic patients. However, supernormal activation of the sympathoadrenergic and renin-angiotensin systems is required to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Urinary bladder carcinoma was induced in a patient treated with cyclophosphamide for malignant lymphoma].

A case of urinary bladder carcinoma in a patient with malignant lymphoma (ML) involving the thyroid gland, gastrointestinal tract and the gallbladder is reported. The histological type of ML from the biopsy specimens of the thyroid gland and the stomach was non-Hodgkin's, diffuse large cell lymphoma of B cell origin. The patient had been treated for ML with cyclophosphamide (CPM), doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone effectively then maintained with low dose CPM. Two and a half years after the initial therapy, urinary bladder tumor diagnosed transitional cell carcinoma histologically was found. The patient had received 55 gr. of CPM totally. The dose of CPM was relatively smaller than the one in the other second cancer cases reported induced by CPM previously. It may be suggested that the urinary bladder carcinoma induced by CPM is related not only total dose of CPM but also the other factors. Thus usage of CPM must be cautious because of the secondary disease.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1994

[A national surveillance study on alcoholic liver disease in Japan (1986-1991)].

National surveillance studies on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Japan were performed in 1978 and 1985, by a previous Japanese study group for ALD (Takeuchi group). In the present study, a subsequent nationwide surveillance study was performed from 1986 to 1991 and the results were compared with the previous two studies. In order to clarify the etiological relationships between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and ALD, an analysis was also done according to the new diagnostic criteria of ALD which was proposed by this group (Takada group). By the criteria of the Takeuchi group, the incidence of ALD was not significantly different during 1986 to 1991. However, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in alcoholic cirrhosis (AL-LC) clearly increased during this period. The analysis including the results of the previous study indicate that incidence of ALD reached a plateau in 1980 and then features of ALD in Japan entered a stable stage. However, HCC in AL-LC continued to show a linear increase from 1976 to 1991. Analysis with the new criteria of the Takada group was done in cases of 1990 and 1991. Approximately 2 out of 3 cases of ALD were caused by alcohol alone, and the remaining cases were caused by a combination of alcohol and HCV. Cases caused only by HCV were very rare. The main etiology in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis was alcohol alone and that in chronic hepatitis of heavy drinkers was a combination of alcohol and HCV. In half of the patients with AL-LC, the etiology was alcohol alone and in the other half patients, it was a combination of both factors. In most patients with HCC, the etiology was a combination of alcohol and HCV, indicating that HCV infection may be important for the development of HCC in alcoholics.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

A multicenter study on the prognosis of fulminant viral hepatitis: early prediction for liver transplantation.

To determine the risk of death at an early stage of fulminant viral hepatitis, we created severity indexes drawn from clinical data on the day of development of encephalopathy in 128 patients with fulminant hepatitis B and 103 with fulminant hepatitis non-A, non-B. In fulminant hepatitis B, the risk score was 2.75 x BL + 2.75 x BR + 2.7 x AG + 2.3 x WB + 1.67 x CD + 1.56 x AL - 0.098 x PR - 0.88, where BL is 1 if total bilirubin is higher than 20 mg/dl, BR is 1 if the ratio of total to direct bilirubin exceeds 2.2, AG is 1 if age is above 40 yr, WB is 1 if white blood cell count is less than 4,000 cells/mm3 or more than 18,000 cells/mm3, CD is 1 if a hazardous disease coexists and AL is 1 if ALT is less than 100 times the upper limit of normal (otherwise all are 0), and PR is prothrombin time (percentage of normal value). Using a cutoff score of 0, we found the positive predictive value, negative predictive value and predictive accuracy to be 0.90, 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.77, respectively. In fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis, the risk score was 2.66 x BR + 2.25 x BL + 2.24 x DI + 2.05 x AL +/- 1.38 x AG + 0.00021 x WB - 6.33.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical evaluation of four cases of acute viral hepatitis complicated by pure red cell aplasia.

Four patients with acute viral hepatitis complicated by pure red cell aplasia were clinically evaluated. Two patients with hepatitis type A, one with hepatitis type B, and one with posttransfusion non-A non-B hepatitis had pure red cell aplasia. Only the patient with posttransfusion hepatitis was female, and the mean age of the four patients was 37.8 yr (31-51 yr.) The mean interval from the onset of hepatitis to the appearance of pure red cell aplasia was 30.5 days (27-37 days), and the development of hematopoietic disorders coincided with decreases in transaminase levels. Laboratory findings included peak serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels of 1305-3160 KU and decreases in the prothrombin time to about 50% in the two patients with hepatitis type A. Pure red cell aplasia was successfully treated by prednisolone or transfusion in all patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Role of serum interleukin-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the severity of alcoholic hepatitis.

Among patients with alcoholic hepatitis, three groups were distinguished by histological findings and clinico-pathological features. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the development of severe alcoholic hepatitis. The levels of sICAM-1 and IL-8 were well correlated with the severity of liver injuries. The concentrations of serum IL-8 were significantly correlated with the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrating the liver. Serial determination of these two markers revealed that IL-8 may be complementary in assessing the severity and prognosis of alcoholic hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A collaborative study for the evaluation of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoproteins in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lectin-affinity electrophoretic separation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was carried out using AFP Differentiation Kits, which used Lens culinaris agglutinin-A (Kit L) and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (Kit P). Separated AFP bands were detected with a sensitive antibody-affinity blotting technique and determined quantitatively by densitometry, and the results were expressed as percentages of the intensity of total AFP bands. Sera from 424 patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extrahepatic tumors were assayed for proportion of AFP present as Lens culinaris agglutinin-A-reactive AFP (AFP-L3) and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-reactive AFPs (AFP-P4+P5). From the maximum Youden indices determined, cutoff levels were set at 15% for both AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5 to discriminate between patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5 showed sensitivities of 55.3 and 61.0% at specificities of 93.9% and 82.3%, respectively. Thirty-eight % of tumors that measured less than 20 mm in diameter were positive for AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5. AFP-L3 exceeded the cutoff level of 15% 4.0 +/- 4.9 months before detection of hepatocellular carcinomas by imaging techniques with a sensitivity of 48% and a specificity of 81%. Thus, these tests are useful for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with hepatitis or liver cirrhosis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗