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Biomedical subjects

K Tanigawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Tanigawa.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Radioisotope cisternographic study on intracranial arachnoid cyst (author's transl)].

The dynamics of the CSF circulation in six cases of intracranial arachnoid cysts was examined by RI cisternography suing 0.5 to 1.0 mCi of 169Yb DTPA or 50 to 100 microCi of 131I HSA injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space. Serial scintigrams were obtained with rectilineal scintillation scanner at 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours after injection. The communication of the cavity of arachnoid cyst and subarachnoid space was recognized in all cases. The cysts were best visualized at 24 hours in most cases. Four patterns of the entry and stasis of RI in cysts were observed as follows, 1) rapid filling of RI into the cyst and delayed clearance, 2) both rapid filling and clearance, 3) slow filling and delayed clearance, 4) no filling.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatinum/5-fluorouracil/low-dose leucovorin for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Forty-four patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with biochemical modulated combination chemotherapy and surgery. Treatment consisted of cisplatinum (70 mg/m2/day 1, day 22), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 700 mg/m2/day, days 1-5, 22-26), and leucovorin (20 mg/m2/day, days 1-5, 22-26) with nutritional support, and surgery (days 42-70, mean day 56). Surgery consisted of subtotal esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or additional irradiation to the mediastinum was restricted to patient with residual tumors. Clinical response rate was 63.6% in primary tumor, 52.6% in intramural metastasis, 100% in intraepithelial spread, and 30.9% for metastatic lymph nodes. There was a slight disagreement between the result of evaluation of histological and clinical effect. The incidence of postoperative complications was 25%, and the mortality rate was 2.3%. Overall 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year survival rates of the patients were 57%, 37.9%, 28.5%, and 28.5%, respectively. The median survival time was 14.7 months. Responders survived longer than nonresponders. The histological responders survived longer than clinical responders. The 4-year survival rate of patients without residual tumor after treatment was 75% in the superficial cases, 51% in the locoregional cases, and 50% in the widespread cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nicotinamide, a poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor, ameliorates B-cell function in partially depancreatized rats.

We studied the effect of nicotinamide, a poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor, on B-cell functions in 7-week-old male Wistar rats after 90% pancreatectomy (Px). Nicotinamide (0.5 g/kg body wt.) was injected once a day i.p. from 1 week before the surgery, and the injection was continued for 12 weeks after Px. Plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in Px rats treated with nicotinamide (NA rats) than in Px rats without treatment. In in vitro experiments with perfusion of the isolated pancreas, insulin secretion induced by 16.7 mM glucose was blunted in Px rats whereas insulin secretion induced by 19 mM arginine was increased. Nicotinamide treatment restored glucose-induced insulin secretion to normal and partly suppressed the hyperresponse of insulin to arginine. In addition, nicotinamide partially restored the priming effect induced by 28 mM glucose. The insulin content of the perfused pancreas was slightly but significantly greater in NA rats than in Px rats. Histological examination revealed fibrotic degeneration and degranulation in the islets of Px rats, whereas the normal structure was retained in most islets of NA rats. These results suggest that nicotinamide ameliorates islet function in partially depancreatized rats.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of glucagon antiserum on somatostatin, glucagon and insulin release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas.

In order to elucidate the effect of glucagon antiserum on the endocrine pancreas, the release of somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin from the isolated perfused rat pancreas was studied following the infusion of arginine both with and without pretreatment by glucagon antiserum. Various concentrations of arginine in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose stimulated both somatostatin and glucagon secretion. However, the responses of somatostatin and glucagon were different at different doses of arginine. The infusion of glucagon antiserum strongly stimulated basal secretion in the perfusate total glucagon (free + antibody bound glucagon) and also enhanced its response to arginine, but free glucagon was undetectable in the perfusate during the infusion. On the other hand, the glucagon antiserum had no significant effect on either insulin or somatostatin secretion. Moreover, electron microscopic study revealed degrannulation and vacuolization in the cytoplasm of the A cells after exposure to glucagon antiserum, suggesting a hypersecretion of glucagon, but no significant change was found in the B cells or the D cells. We conclude that in a single pass perfusion system glucagon antiserum does not affect somatostatin or insulin secretion, although it enhances glucagon secretion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced adjuvant effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-12 compared with either alone in vaccine-induced tumor immunity.

Using the poorly immunogenic D5 murine melanoma, we examined the adjuvant effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion by gene-modified tumor cells inoculated as a vaccine to prime tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). D5 transfectants that secreted IL-12 or GM-CSF alone were compared with a double transfectant that secreted equivalent amounts of both cytokines. TDLN cells harvested 9-10 days after subcutaneous tumor inoculation were cultured sequentially in anti-CD3 and IL-2 and assessed for antitumor reactivity against wild-type D5 tumor. The double transfectant-induced TDLN effector cells had greater cytotoxicity in a long-term assay than TDLN cells primed by single transfectants. In adoptive immunotherapy, the TDLN cells primed by the double transfectant were significantly better at mediating the regression of established tumors compared with the TDLN cells elicited by the single transfectants. Both IL-12 and GM-CSF had adjuvant effects in promoting tumor-reactive TDLN cells, but the combination was better than either alone. These observations suggest that the immunomodulation roles of IL-12 and GM-CSF are different and complementary.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choice of airway devices for 12,020 cases of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was designed to determine the choice of airway devices used for nontraumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients and to evaluate the success and failure of insertion and airway control/ventilation by three airway adjuncts, the Combitube, the esophageal gastric tube airway (EGTA), and the laryngeal mask (LM), which were used in conjunction with the bag-valve-mask (BVM) by emergency life-saving technicians (ELSTs) in Japan. METHODS: A survey of 1,085 ELSTs was performed to identify the type of airway devices, the success rates of airway insertion, the effectiveness of airway control/ventilation in comparison with the BVM prior to each airway insertion, and associated complications. The type of education for airway skills was also surveyed. RESULTS: 1,079 surveys were returned and 12,020 cases of cardiac arrest were studied. Choice of airway devices: BVM, 7,180 cases; EGTA, 545 cases; Combitube, 1,594 cases; and LM, 2,701 cases. Successful insertion rates on the first attempt: EGTA, 82.7%; Combitube, 82.4%; and LM, 72.5% (p < 0.0001). Failed insertions: EGTA, 8.2%; Combitube, 6.9%; and LM, 10.5% (p < 0.0001). Successful ventilation: EGTA, 71.0%; Combitube, 78.9%; and LM, 71.5% (p < 0.0004). Six cases of aspiration were reported in the LM group, whereas nine cases of soft-tissue injuries, including esophageal perforation, were reported in the Combitube group. 17.8% had vomited either prior or during airway placement. CONCLUSION: The Combitube appears to be the most appropriate choice among the airway devices examined. However, serious injuries to the tissues, though they rarely occurred in the study, remain a major concern.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CD95-mediated tumor recognition by CD4+ effector cells in a murine mammary model.

The authors examined cellular mechanisms involved in anti-tumor reactivity induced by the murine MT-9G1 mammary tumor line, which was transduced to secrete granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Compared with the parental MT-901 tumor, MT-9G1 subcutaneous tumors elicited an influx of CD4+ cells and dendritic cells. Secondary in vitro activation of tumor-draining lymph node cells with anti-CD3 and interleukin-2 resulted in effector cells that can mediate regression of established pulmonary metastases after adoptive transfer. In vivo depletion of T-cell subsets showed that tumor regression required CD4+ tumor-draining lymph node cells rather than CD8+ cells. The activated CD4+ cells expressed CD95L and mediated lysis of CD95+ MT-901 tumor cells, which were major histocompatibility complex class II negative. The CD4+ cells also released GM-CSF in response to tumor stimulation. A Fas fusion protein inhibited tumor lysis and GM-CSF release by the CD4+ cells. These studies document an alternate pathway by which CD4+ immune cells may recognize major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient tumors in which CD95L-bearing T cells induced an anti-tumor response mediated via CD95L:CD95.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the in vitro maturation of tumor-reactive effector T cells.

Culture methods that enhance the anti-tumor reactivity of primed T cells would be important in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Using several different syngeneic murine tumor models, the authors evaluated the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) exposure on tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) cells during in vitro activation. Mice were inoculated with weakly immunogenic (i.e., MCA 205, MCA 207 sarcoma) or the poorly immunogenic (i.e., D5 melanoma) tumor cells, and TDLN cells were harvested 9 or 10 days later for activation by an anti-CD3/interleukin-2 culture procedure. Human recombinant TNF-alpha (25 ng/mL) added during the activation culture resulted in a two-fold increase in interferon-gamma release (type 1 response) and a significant reduction of interleukin-10 (type 2 response) after tumor antigen stimulation. In an adoptive transfer model, TNF-alpha-cultured TDLN cells mediated significantly greater regression of established tumor than did TDLN cells cultured in the absence of TNF-alpha in five of five experiments. Neutralization of interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody further augmented the therapeutic efficacy of TNF-alpha-cultured TDLN cells. These studies document the ability of TNF-alpha to selectively promote a type 1 over a type 2 response in a bulk population of tumor-primed T cells during in vitro activation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antitumor reactivity of lymph node cells primed in vivo with dendritic cell-based vaccines.

Tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells were used to generate nodal effector T cells in the murine MCA 205 tumor model. Dendritic cells were derived from bone marrow and cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin 4 before pulsation with tumor lysate. Multiple subcutaneous administrations of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (TP-DCs) resulted in an approximately eightfold hypertrophy of the vaccine draining nodes, with an increased influx of dendritic (CD11c+/CD80+) cells and B (B220+) cells. The vaccine-primed lymph node (VPLN) cells were secondarily activated with anti-CD3/interleukin 2 and exhibited specific interferon-gamma release to tumor antigen. The adoptive transfer of TP-DC VPLN cells resulted in regression of established 3-day pulmonary metastases. The antitumor reactivity of TP-DC VPLN cells was comparable to anti-CD3/interleukin 2 activated tumor-draining lymph node cells. However, the admixture of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) with tumor lysate during pulsation of dendritic cells significantly enhanced the induction of tumor-reactive VPLN cells. Tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells can be used as a strategy to generate effector T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of tetracycline residues in meat and fish.

A simple and rapid method was developed for quantitative determination of common tetracyclines, such as oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), in meat and fish. Tetracyclines were extracted with aqueous HCl, and then centrifuged. The supernate was applied to an Amberlite XAD-2 column, which was washed with water and eluted with methanol. The eluate was concentrated to about 0.5 mL under vacuum at 35 degrees C, and then measured by liquid chromatography and UV detection. Two analytical columns were used for confirmation. The average recoveries of OTC, TC, and CTC from meat and fish fortified at 1, 1, and 3 ppm were 82.6, 81.5, and 67.0% respectively.

Animals↗