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Biomedical subjects

K Tanigawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Tanigawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Antidiabetic mechanism of Bakumondo-inshi.

To determine the antidiabetic mechanism of Bakumondo-inshi (BI), we examined its effects on glucose absorption, alpha-glucosidase activity, sodium-dependent glucose transporter and facilitative glucose transporter isoform 5 (GLUT5) in small intestine. The oral administration of BI into KK-Ay mice caused a significant decrease in the glucose absorption in small intestine. The small intestine content of active glucose transporter isoform (SGLUT) protein content from KK-Ay mouse significantly decreased in the BI-treated KK-Ay mice compared to that in the controls. However, the small intestine content of facilitative glucose transporter isoform, GLUT5 protein content did not change. The alpha-glucosidase activity in small intestine significantly decreased in the BI-treated KK-Ay mice. These results suggest that the antidiabetic effect of BI is derived, at least in part, from a decrease of glucose absorption in small intestine , due to the reduction of SGLUT protein content in total membrane of the small intestine and the reduction of alpha-glucosidase activity. Because of its therapeutic mechanism, BI could be a new category of therapeutic agent for non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Basic life support skills of the first aid course II/standard first aid course ambulance personnel].

This study was undertaken to evaluate thirteen elements of basic life support skills of the First Aid Course II/Standard First Aid Course (FAC II/SFAC) ambulance personnel and to determine the effects of FAC II/SFAC education and basic life support instructor courses. Ninety-eight FAC II/SFAC ambulance personnel were enrolled in this study. It was found that only half of the personnel possessed the skills required for assessing respiration, mask holding and producing adequate tidal volume by the bag-valve-mask devices at the acceptable levels. Regarding the effect of the time that had passed following FAC II/SFAC education, we did not find any correlation between the time and the levels of skills. However, there was a tendency in which the skills for assessing mental status/respiration and for manual airway control were less adequately possessed by FAC II/SFAC personnel who did not take basic life support instructor courses, particularly those who had completed FAC II/SFAC education more than four years prior to this study. Since airway control and respiratory management play a key role in saving patients in life-threatening conditions, we need to critically reevaluate how the initial FAC II/SFAC education and continuing education programs can best be implemented.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1998

Fulminant hepatitis complicated by small intestine infection and massive hemorrhage.

A 34-year-old man diagnosed with fulminant hepatitis, caused by hepatitis B virus, and acute renal failure was referred to our hospital. After admission to the intensive care unit, the liver and renal failure were ameliorated. Melena requiring transfusion occurred during the course of his illness. Endoscopic examination demonstrated pseudomembranes, erosions, ulcers, and hemorrhage in the duodenum, the upper jejunum, and the terminal ileum, suggesting widespread lesions throughout the small intestine. Pseudomonas putida, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Candida glabrata were cultured from ileal fluid. Candida glabrata was also detected in sputum, feces, and on an intravenous catheter tip. The patient was treated with amphotericin B and miconazole. The melena was ameliorated, but inflammation of the small intestine persisted. Although we had difficulty in treating the enteritis, the patient survived, and 1 year later colonoscopic examination demonstrated no abnormalities. The small intestine is a difficult site to examine, but endoscopic examination of this site is important when massive hemorrhage develops.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Rat liver postischemic lipid peroxidation and vasoconstriction depend on ischemia time.

In this investigation, we used chemiluminescence to study the ability of increasing durations of ischemia (1, 2, or 2.5 h) to induce enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species in a crystalloid perfused rat liver model. To evaluate the effect of reactive oxygen species generation upon the development of the postischemic hypoperfusion, hepatic vascular resistance was simultaneously monitored. One hour of ischemia did not produce sustained reactive oxygen species generation or development of no-reflow. Two hours of ischemia did not result in sustained reactive oxygen species generation but did produce no-reflow. Sustained reactive oxygen production was achieved after 2.5 h of ischemia and was accompanied by the development of no-reflow. We found that 2.5 h of ischemia is the threshold for sustained lipid peroxidation. Both lipid peroxidation and no-reflow could be mitigated through the administration of superoxide dismutase. Superoxide dismutase could reduce the amount of cell injury due to the enhanced lipid peroxidation induced by 2.5 h of ischemia. Limitation of reactive oxygen species generation to a critical threshold, either by restricting the duration of ischemia or by pharmacological intervention, may be an important means of preventing further cellular injury through no-reflow and lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Interferon-gamma-inducing factor elicits antitumor immunity in association with interferon-gamma production.

Interferon-gamma-inducing factor (IGIF) is a novel cytokine that stimulates T-cell proliferation, augments natural killer (NK) cell lytic activity, and induces interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in established type 1 T-helper (Th1) cells in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody. The in vitro induction of IFN-gamma by recombinant murine IGIF in these cells was more potent than that induced by murine interleukin-12 (IL-12) and occurred apparently independent of murine IL-12. Here we report that subcutaneous injection into mice of tumor cells transfected with murine IGIF complementary DNA (cDNA) resulted in > or = 10-fold increase of mitogen-stimulated IFN-gamma production in cultured splenocytes. In addition, IGIF-transfected Renca and K1735 tumor cells can be rejected in vivo. The IGIF antitumor effect was abrogated in mice that were sublethally irradiated or depleted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not in mice depleted of either subpopulation alone. The antitumor effect mediated by IGIF appears to be dependent on IFN-gamma production, because in vivo neutralization of IFN-gamma was accompanied by growth of IGIF-transfected tumors in 100% of the animals. Taken together, our results show that murine IGIF can elicit T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity associated with IFN-gamma induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: case report with radiographical and cytopathological features.

A case of matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC), which is a unique variant of breast cancer, is described with cytopathological and radiographical findings. A 75-year-old female presented with a palpable mass in her right breast. After confirmation of the cytopathological diagnosis, the patient received a right mastectomy with ipsilateral axillary lymph node dissection. The histopathological examination revealed MPC. The Union Internationalis Contra Cancrum postoperative clinical stage was IIB. The patient is well and without disease 18 months after the surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

New antidiabetic compounds, mangiferin and its glucoside.

Mangiferin (MF) and its glucosides (mangiferin-7-O-beta-glucoside) (MG) isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge rhizome, were tested for their antidiabetic activity in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). MF and MG lowered the blood glucose level of KK-Ay mice after oral administration. However, no affect on the blood glucose level in normal mice was seen, indicating that MF and MG are useful in treating NIDDM. In addition, MF or MG improved hyperinsulinemia in KK-Ay mice. From these findings, it seems likely that MF and MG exert their its antidiabetic activity by increasing insulin sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effect of acarbose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor) on disaccharase activity in small intestine in KK-Ay and ddY mice.

The hypoglycemic effect and the alpha-glucosidase activity inhibition of acarbose (AC:alpha-glucosidase inhibitor) were investigated in normal and KK-Ay mice, an animal model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). AC improved hyperglycemia after an oral administration of maltose or sucrose, dose dependently in normal mice (1, 10, and 50mg/kg body weight) and in KK-Ay mice (50mg/kg). Furthermore, AC (50mg/kg) significantly inhibited maltase and sucrase activities in the small intestines of normal and KK-Ay mice (inhibitory efficacy: sucrase > maltase). The enzymatic inhibition in KK-Ay mice is stronger than in normal mice. However, AC (50 mg/kg) did not suppress the blood glucose in oral lactose tolerance and did not inhibit the lactase activity in either normal or KK-Ay mice. These findings indicate that the AC effect on the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity is selective for sucrase and maltase in normal and NIDDM mice.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1998

Demographic differences in the resuscitation knowledge and skills of the Standard First Aid Class ambulance crews in Japan.

This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and type of continuing education required in areas with various populations and evaluate the resuscitation knowledge and skills possessed by Standard First Aid Class (SFAC) ambulance crews, who play a major role as prehospital care providers in Japan. Two hundred SFAC ambulance crews were classified into four subgroups based on the population of the areas they serve a population greater than 400,000, 150,000-400,000, 50,000-150,000 and less than 50,000. A survey regarding continuing education in each area revealed that the EMS systems with smaller populations had less adequate continuing education than in larger populated areas. A written test consisted of 80 multiple choice questions showed no difference among each population subgroup. In the five-point skills test, however, it was demonstrated that the resuscitation skills, particularly those required for the airway management, of SFAC ambulance crews in the areas populated by less than 50,000 had deteriorated more than those in larger communities. These findings re-emphasized the importance of adequate continuing education in low-volume, part-time, rural EMS systems where lack of clinical exposure is a significant limiting factor for skill retention.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Type 1 versus type 2 cytokine release by Vbeta T cell subpopulations determines in vivo antitumor reactivity: IL-10 mediates a suppressive role.

We have previously reported that CD8+ tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) cells activated with anti-CD3 and IL-2-mediated tumor regression in adoptive immunotherapy. In this study, we examined the TCR Vbeta repertoire usage of TDLN cells with respect to cytokine release profiles and therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The majority of the whole population of TDLN cells after activation with anti-CD3 were composed of Vbeta3+, -5+, -7+, -8+, and -11+ cells. Enrichment of Vbeta subsets of TDLN cells by in vitro activation with anti-Vbeta mAb revealed Vbeta8+ cells released high amounts of IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) with minimal amounts of IL-10 in response to tumor and mediated tumor regression in vivo. In contrast, enriched populations of Vbeta5+, Vbeta7+, and Vbeta11+ cells released low amounts of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF with high levels of IL-10 and had no in vivo antitumor reactivity. In vitro depletion of specific Vbeta subsets from the whole TDLN pool confirmed that the profile of cytokines released correlated with in vivo antitumor function. Therapeutic efficacy mediated by TDLN cells required the release of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF since in vivo neutralization of both cytokines inhibited tumor regression. The administration of anti-IL-10 mAb abrogated the suppressed antitumor response manifested by adoptively transferred TDLN cells, which elaborated increased levels of IL-10. Our study documents that type 1 cytokine release (i.e., IFN-gamma and GM-CSF) promotes in vivo tumor Ag recognition, in contrast to type 2 release (i.e., IL-10), which suppresses this interaction, and discriminates the functional activity of Vbeta subpopulations of effector cells.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1997

Novel point mutation in the uroporphyrinogen III synthase gene causes congenital erythropoietic porphyria of a Japanese family.

The molecular basis of the uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROIIIS) deficiency was investigated in a member of a Japanese family. This defect in heme biosynthesis is responsible for a rare autosomal recessive disease: congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) or Günther's disease. The patient was homozygous for a novel missense mutation: a G to T transition of nucleotide 7 that predicted a valine to phenylalanine substitution at residue 3 (V3F). The parents were heterozygous for the same mutation. The loss of UROIIIS activity was verified by an in vitro assay system. The corresponding mutated protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and no residual activity was observed. Further studies are needed to determine whether the mutations of the UROIIIS gene (UROS) have a specific profile in Japan compared to European or American countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Antidiabetic effect of seishin-kanro-to in KK-Ay mice.

The hypoglycemic effect of Seishin-kanro-to (SK) was investigated in KK-Ay mice, one of the non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus types. SK (1700 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice from 557 +/- 17 to 383 +/- 36 mg/100 ml 7 hours after single oral administration (P < 0.001). SK also decreased the blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance 5 weeks after repeated administration in KK-Ay mice. These results support, therefore, the use of SK in patients with diabetes and confirm its role as a traditional medicine. In addition, the active plants of SK were identified as the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and the radix of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of aging on B-cell function and replication in rat pancreas after 90% pancreatectomy.

We studied the effect of aging on B-cell function and replication in depancreatized rats. Male Wistar rats, at the ages of 1, 5, and 15 months, underwent 90% pancreatectomy (Px) or a sham operation, and islet function and regeneration were examined 3 weeks later. Plasma glucose levels in 1-month-old rats reached a peak 2 weeks after Px and then declined, while those in 5- and 15-month-old rats reached significant levels as early as the day after Px or 2 days after surgery and continued to increase over the following 3 weeks. Consequently, in contrast to young Px rats, weight loss due to severe diabetes was observed in 5- and 15-month-old Px rats. Plasma glucose responses to intravenous glucose loading (0.5 g/kg body weight) were much greater in older Px rats than in younger rats. There was a marginal insulin response to glucose in 1-month-old Px rats, whereas no insulin response to glucose was observed in older Px animals. The insulin content of the residual pancreas was increased threefold in 1-month-old Px rats, but there was no increase in 5- and 15-month-old Px rats. These data demonstrate that the effect of reducing islet mass is much greater in aged rats than in young rats and that the replicatory capacity of B cells tends to diminish after adulthood has been reached.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) improved glucose and lipid metabolism in KK-Ay mice with genetic non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22: 6omega-3) ethyl ester was examined in KK-Ay mice and neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic (NSZ) which are respectively obese and lean animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and in ddY normal mice. Single administration of DHA (500 mg/kg body weight) to KK-Ay mice significantly reduced (p<0.05) the blood glucose levels (BG) (p<0.05) and plasma free fatty acid levels (FFA) (p<0.05) at 10 h after oral administration when compared with control group. DHA (500 mg/kg body weight)-treated NSZ and normal mice, however, showed no change in these parameters. In addition, repeated administration of DHA (100 mg/kg) to KK-Ay mice significantly suppressed the increment of BG (p<0.05) and plasma triglyceride levels (TG) (p<0.01), and significantly decreased FFA (p<0.05) at 30 d compared with control group. DHA also significantly decreased the blood glucose at 60 and 120 min on insulin tolerance test (ITT). From these findings, it seems likely that DHA exhibits its hypoglycemic effects by increasing insulin sensitivity. It is concluded that DHA would be useful for treatment of obese type NIDDM with insulin resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A comparative study of high-fat diet containing fish oil or lard on blood glucose in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice.

The effects of high-fat diets containing fish oil or lard on blood glucose and plasma insulin after oral glucose loading were compared in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice, one of the animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with hyperinsulinemia. The blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in 27% of the mice fed high-fat diets containing 20% fish oil 30 and 60 min after the oral administration of glucose (both; p < 0.05). Conversely, the plasma insulin levels were significantly increased 30 min after the glucose loading as compared to 27% of the mice fed high-fat diets containing 20% lard (p < 0.01). In addition, a significant hypoglycemic effect was observed 60 min after the subcutaneous administration of insulin to mice on the fish oil diet (p < 0.05), whereas no effect was demonstrated in the case of those on the lard diet. The average body weight of the fish oil-treated mice was not significantly different from that of the lard-treated mice. The fish oil diet has a beneficial effect on glucose tolerance by increasing the insulin secretory capacity from pancreatic beta cells and also ameliorating insulin resistance.

Animals↗