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Biomedical subjects

K Tani

Publications and source records attributed to K Tani.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Clostridium perfringens in a patient with liver cirrhosis and pure red cell aplasia.

A 63-year-old man with decompensated liver cirrhosis and pure red cell aplasia complained of pyrexia, abdominal distention and abdominal pain. A diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), Conn's syndrome, was made upon the isolation of an anaerobe Clostridium perfringens from both ascitic fluid and peripheral blood. The bacteria were found to be susceptible to piperacillin, and administration of the antimicrobial agent markedly improved his SBP. The anaerobes should be kept in mind as one of the possible pathogens of SBP, although anaerobic infection has been reported to be quite rare in the disease.

Clostridium Infections↗
PubMed1992

A correlation between IgG class antibody production and glomerulonephritis in the murine chronic graft-versus-host reaction.

A graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was induced in (B10 x DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) and (BALB/c x A)F1 (CAF1) murine recipients by injection of their parental or B10.D2-derived spleen cells. The incidences of glomerulonephritis and autoantibody production were then correlated. All of the BDF1 mice that received DBA/2 spleen cells (termed DBA/2----BDF1) and 33% of the CAF1 mice that received BALB/c spleen cells (BALB/c----CAF1) developed glomerulonephritis. However, in other combinations (B10.D2----BDF1, A/J----CAF1) no significant glomerular lesions were observed. An analysis of antibodies by ELISA revealed that the groups with renal disease showed a significant polyclonal elevation of IgG class antibodies, including autoantibodies (anti-DNA, anti-MRBC, and NTA) and a conventional antibody (anti-TNP-KLH). No significant IgG class antibody production was observed in the groups that did not develop glomerulonephritis. Thus, it was suggested that an IgM to IgG class switch is important in the development of glomerulonephritis in GVHR. Other factors also appear to be involved. Only 33% of BALB/c----CAF1 developed glomerulonephritis, even though a level of IgG class antibody production was comparable to that observed in DBA/2----BDF1 in which 100% showed severe glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral internal drainage of biliary hilar malignancy via a single percutaneous track. Role of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.

Strictures of the hepatic bifurcation were bilaterally drained via a single percutaneous tract in 24 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. This was achieved under percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic (PTCS) guidance which allowed for an excellent manipulation of the guidewire. Placement of two guidewires, one in the contralateral hepatic duct and the other in the common duct, was successful in 19 (79%) of patients at the first attempt. In the remaining cases the better accessible stricture was dilated, followed by negotiation of the other stricture under direct cholangioscopic control. After placement of guidewires into both hepatic ducts, bilateral drainage with a single Y-shaped catheter could be achieved in all 24 patients. There were no procedure-related complications. We conclude that this technique might be useful also for application of other intraluminal adjuvant treatment modalities.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1992

Case report: alternation therapy with antileukemic agents and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for RAEB in transformation.

Under the assumption that in some patients with refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), the abnormal clones might be less responsive to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor than normal clones, the authors tried alternation therapy with a recombinant form of this factor (rhG-CSF) and antileukemic agents in the treatment of two patients with RAEB in transformation. After repetition of the short-cycled alternation therapy, the hematologic findings of both patients were completely normalized and have remained so without any adverse side effects under the continuation of this therapy for more than 5 months. Judging from our clinical experience, the alternation therapy may be a new efficient therapeutic strategy for RAEB and some types of slowly progressive leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The alloantigen-specific immunosuppressive activity of estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate (KM2210) and its beneficial effect on allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice.

KM2210, a conjugate of estradiol and chlorambucil (CBL), which was originally developed as an anti-breast cancer agent, inhibits proliferative response of human mononuclear cells to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture in a dose-dependent manner, but has no effect on their response to phytohemagglutinin. Neither estradiol benzoate nor CBL alone showed these unique actions. The suppressive effect of KM2210 on MLC was abrogated by adding of anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) antibody to the culture, but was not affected by the addition of interleukin-2, suggesting that KM2210, unlike CBL, displays its actions via TGF-beta. In experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using mice, daily oral administration of KM2210 (2 mg/kg/day) for 30 days posttransplant significantly inhibited the alloantigen-specific immune reactions. Furthermore, the survival rate of the KM2210-treated mice was significantly higher than that of the cyclosporine-treated (2 mg/kg/day, p.o.) mice, and no adverse effect of KM2210 on hematopoietic recovery was found. These results strongly suggest possible clinical benefits of KM2210 as a new immunosuppressive agent for the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease and other allospecific immune reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Glomerulonephritis induced by murine chronic graft-versus-host reaction.

Severe glomerulonephritis was induced successfully in (B10 x DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice by injection of parental DBA/2 lymphoid cells. The mice manifested typical nephrotic syndrome dying around 10 weeks post injection. Electron microscopical examination demonstrated electron dense deposits first in the mesangial matrix, then in the subepithelium compatible with immune complex glomerulonephritis. Subendothelial deposits were not observed. Immunofluorescent study revealed IgG deposition in the capillary wall and IgM in the mesangium early in the process. As the lesion progressed, both IgG and IgM were present in the mesangial area and along the capillary wall. Some glomeruli showed segmental mesangiolysis, suggesting that altered mesangial cells have a role in the development of glomerular change, which together with rise in serum anti-DNA antibody titer suggest that autoantibodies promote the glomerular lesions in this model system.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Use of prostaglandin E1 (lipo-PGE1) to treat Raynaud's phenomenon associated with connective tissue disease: thermographic and subjective assessment.

Four patients with connective tissue disease who had been suffering from severe Raynaud's phenomenon were treated with an intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and its effectiveness was assessed by thermography and a questionnaire approach. PGE1 in a lipid microsphere formulation (lipo-PGE1) produced a significantly greater increase in lesional skin temperature compared with treatment with PGE1 clathrated in alpha-cyclodextrin 12 months previously in the same group of patients. These results were supported by the subjective assessment obtained from the patients by questionnaire.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Neutrophil chemotactic factors in the respiratory tract of patients with chronic airway diseases or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

This study was designed to clarify the contributions of specific neutrophil chemotactic factors (NCF) in neutrophil accumulation in the human respiratory tract associated with various diseases. The activity and characteristics of the NCF in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and culture media of alveolar macrophages obtained from normal volunteers, control patients, patients with chronic airway diseases (CAD) and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were examined. The BAL fluid from normal volunteers contained NCF comparable with the chemotactic factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Analysis of the biochemical characteristics of NCF released from alveolar macrophages suggests that they are derived from alveolar macrophages. The NCF activities in BAL fluids from patients with CAD and IPF were higher than those in BAL fluids from normal volunteers and control patients. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that several kinds of NCF, including those derived from the complement component C5 and alveolar macrophages, were present in the BAL fluid from patients with CAD and respiratory infections. The especially marked increase of C5-derived NCF indicate their importance in neutrophil accumulation in the respiratory tract of patients with CAD. Alveolar macrophages released different types of NCF after different lengths of culture periods (4 h and 24 h). Alveolar macrophages from patients with IPF released larger amounts of NCF than alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers, indicating the importance of alveolar-macrophage-derived NCF as well as C5-derived NCF in neutrophil accumulation in the respiratory tract of patients with IPF. These results suggest that various types of NCF increase in response to different disease states of the respiratory tract and serve to regulate the accumulation of neutrophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Aphasic seizure caused by focal epilepsy in the left fusiform gyrus.

We report a patient with paroxysmal aphasia evoked by ictal epileptiform discharges localized to the left fusiform gyrus, where a small brain tumor existed. The intracranial EEG recordings during other seizures demonstrated a close functional link between the left fusiform gyrus and Wernicke's area. The patient also showed transient aphasia with electrical stimulation of the left fusiform gyrus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Differential cell analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pulmonary lesions of patients with tuberculosis.

To obtain information on the cellular reactions to Mycobacterium (M) tuberculosis in the lung, we analyzed the cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from pulmonary lesions in comparison with those in BAL fluid from nonaffected regions of the lungs, and control lungs, and in peripheral blood of patients with tuberculosis. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were increased in number in BAL fluid from affected lesions of the lungs of patients with miliary tuberculosis and patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis compared with those in BAL fluid from control patients, but the number of alveolar macrophages was decreased in BAL fluid from tuberculous lesions. However, the numbers of these cells were not changed in the BAL fluid from nonaffected regions of the lungs of patients with active or inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. The numbers of lymphocytes were decreased and the numbers of monocytes were increased in peripheral blood from patients with miliary tuberculosis and with active tuberculosis, indicating inverse changes in the numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood to those in the BAL fluid of patients with tuberculosis. These results indicate characteristic redistributions of immune or inflammatory cells in response to infection with M tuberculosis and suggest that these changes are important for understanding the pathophysiology of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A case report of familial cyclic neutropenia.

A 34-year-old female with cyclic neutropenia is reported. Family studies showed that her three sons and her mother were also involved. Oscillations in the blood neutrophil counts were almost regular, with a periodicity of 21 days. Numbers of colony-forming unit--granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) formed from the bone marrow cells of normal volunteers co-cultured with the patient's serum or mononuclear cell-conditioned medium (MNC-CM) were examined. Her serum prepared during the neutropenic phase inhibited the growth of CFU-GM, while her MNC-CM stimulated it. Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) level in her serum was persistently high, with the peak occurring during the neutropenic phase. These results suggest that some inhibitory factors in the serum may be pathophysiologically important for cyclic neutropenia. To control infections, a pharmacological dose of hG-CSF was administered for 7 days around the early neutropenic phase. Her peripheral neutrophil counts oscillated from 1,200/mm3 to 17,000/mm3 with G-CSF, and from 150/mm3 to 1,800/mm3 without G-CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of IgA antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sera and sputa of patients with chronic airway diseases.

The change of IgA system for Pseudomonas infection was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the system in sera and sputa of patients with chronic airway diseases. The anti-Pseudomonas total IgA antibody titers in both sera and sputa were not elevated in group I with no infection (mainly chronic bronchitis) and group II infected with bacteria other than Pseudomonas, but were elevated in group III colonized transiently with Pseudomonas [diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and bronchiectasis] and group IV colonized persistently with Pseudomonas (mainly DPB). The elevation in the sera and sputa were mainly due to monomeric IgA and polymeric IgA (S-IgA), respectively, and values were significantly higher in group III than in group IV only in the sera. These results indicate that the IgA system is enhanced in advanced DPB and bronchiectasis complicated by Pseudomonas infection, and that the anti-Pseudomonas IgA antibody titer in serum is more useful than that in sputum for the diagnosis of respiratory Pseudomonas infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cell profile and elastase activity in diffuse panbronchiolitis investigated by bronchoalveolar and bronchial lavage.

To examine the mechanism of tissue damage which causes bronchiolectasis in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), the cellular components, elastase and its main inhibitor, alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were measured in bronchoalveolar and bronchial lavage fluid (BALF and BLF) from 14 DPB patients. A predominant increase in the neutrophil count was observed in DPB. Elastase activity in BALF and BLF was about 1,000-fold higher in the DPB group than in the control group. An inhibitor study and a positive correlation between elastase activity and the neutrophil count in both lavage fluids from the DPB group indicated that the activity was mainly that of neutrophil elastase. Western blot analysis of alpha 1-PI showed that most of the alpha 1-PI in the lavage fluids from DPB group was degraded. These results indicated that neutrophil infiltration increases the level of elastase in the DPB lesions; this increase seems to be closely related to tissue damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Burn-induced gastric mucosal hemodynamic disturbance in the rat. Role of platelet-activating factor.

The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) as a mediator of gastric damage associated with burn injury was examined in the rat. Gastric mucosal hemodynamics was recorded continuously by means of laser-Doppler flowmetry and reflectance spectrophotometry. Burn injury induced prolonged hypotension and rapid-onset and long-lasting gastric mucosal hemodynamic derangement-that is, ischemia with congestion. This hemodynamic disturbance was significantly inhibited by CV-6209, a specific PAF antagonist. Elevated tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid reactants and pathologic changes in the gastric mucosa subsequent to burn injury were also significantly alleviated by the preadministration of CV-6209. These results strongly suggest a role of PAF as an important mediator of gastric damage after burn injury through its potent vasoactive effect on gastric microcirculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Measurement of CA19-9 in bronchial lavage fluid from patients with lung cancer].

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was measured in bronchial lavage fluid in 21 patients with lung cancer and 4 patients with benign lung diseases (2 patients with DPB, 2 patients with BE). Bronchial lavage of the tumor-related bronchus was performed. In normal subjects, levels of CA19-9 in lavage fluid were less than 1000 IU/ml. On the other hand, in 6 patients with lung cancer, levels of CA19-9 were higher than 1000 IU/ml, and in 3 of these cases, CA19-9 levels were higher than 8000 IU/ml. All six three cases were histologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Tumor resected at operation was then stained by antibody recognizing CA19-9. Tumor in cases with high levels of CA19-9 was stained immunohistochemically. These results indicate that measurement of CA19-9 in bronchial lavage fluid of the tumor-related bronchus is a useful auxiliary method in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Possible correlation between fusion pattern of BCR/ABL mRNA and clinical response to alpha-interferon in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Twenty six patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treated with IFN-alpha were classified on the basis of the fusion pattern of BCR/ABL chimeric mRNA determined by a reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The relationship between the fusion pattern of BCR/ABL mRNA and the clinical outcome was also analysed. Twelve patients showed M-bcr exon 3/ABL exon 2 (B3/A2) chimeric mRNA and nine had M-bcr exon 2/ABL exon 2 (B2/A2) mRNA. Eleven of the 12 patients with B3/A2 achieved complete hematological response with IFN-alpha therapy, as did three of the nine patients with B2/A2. The mean duration to blastic crisis was significantly longer in the B3/A2 patients (mean 52.4 months) than in the B2/A2 patients (mean 26.2 months) (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that the fusion pattern of BCR/ABL mRNA may affect the therapeutic response to IFN-alpha and clinical outcome in CML patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Biodegradation of aniline and abundance of potential degraders in river waters.

Total dissolved organic carbon (TOC), number of colony forming units (CFU), and total direct count (TDC) were compared to the biodegradation of aniline and the number of potential degraders in water samples from head waters to down stream of the Ina River and several other sites of rivers traversing Osaka city. The results indicate that aniline degrading populations of these various microbial communities exhibit different activities probably depending on the extent of adaptation to pollutants to which the microbes are exposed. The number of aniline degraders found in river water samples was in agreement with other parameters which were used to demonstrate the degree of pollution in river water even though higher biodegradability was evident in waters which show comparatively low TOC and CFU. These results suggest that biodegradation of aniline and enumeration of its potential degraders may serve as valuable indicators for the assessment of pollution in river waters.

Aniline Compounds↗