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Biomedical subjects

K Taneja

Publications and source records attributed to K Taneja.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acute osteomyelitis: early diagnosis by ultrasonography.

A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the role of ultrasound in early detection of infections of bone. Presence of a hypoechoic collection adjacent to bone was considered highly suggestive of osteomyelitis whereas a hypoechoic collection away from the bone implied a soft tissue abscess. Cellulitis presented as increased subcutaneous thickness. Of the 31 patients clinically suspected to have osteomyelitis, and subjected to ultrasound, 25 were proven to be osteomyelitis at surgery or by subsequent radiological changes, 4 had soft tissue abscesses and the remaining 2 had cellulitis. Co-existent hip joint effusion was seen in 2 patients. It is felt that ultrasound is simple and non-invasive investigation, capable of detecting bone and soft tissue infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Sonography of hip joint in infective arthritis.

The most important determinant of outcome of a hip infection is the delay between the onset of the infection and treatment. Transient synovitis, and septic and tubercular arthritis of the hip remain common diagnostic problems. Conventional radiographic examinations are of little help in early diagnosis. Computed tomography, scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging, though informative, are expensive and not universally available. Ultrasonography (US) of the hip was done in 50 patients to define sonographic anatomy, detect joint effusions and correlate sonographic features with the etiology of the disease. Even small collections of fluid could be detected with accuracy. Both hypo- and hyperechoic synovial fluid was seen in septic arthritis, but hyperechoicity and a thickened capsule were the most characteristic findings. Synovial fluid had mixed echogenicity in tubercular and transient synovitis. The use of other (invasive) imaging modalities can be minimized because US can be used not only to demonstrate effusions early in the disease but also the status of the intra-articular compartment, joint capsule, bony surface and adjacent soft tissues. Ultrasonography should be used more commonly to diagnose infective arthritis, and no patient should be subjected to arthrotomy or drainage if US has ruled out the presence of a fluid collection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Temporal resolution and sequential expression of muscle-specific genes revealed by in situ hybridization.

The expression of muscle-specific mRNAs was analyzed directly within individual cells by in situ hybridization to chicken skeletal myoblasts undergoing differentiation in vitro. The probes detected mRNAs for sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MHC) or the skeletal, cardiac, and beta isoforms of actin. Precise information as to the expression of these genes in individual cells was obtained and correlated directly with analyses of cell morphology and interactions, cell cycle stage, and immunofluorescence detection of the corresponding proteins. Results demonstrate that mRNAs for the two major muscle-specific proteins, myosin and actin, are not synchronously activated at the time of cell fusion. The mRNA for alpha-cardiac actin (CAct), known to be the predominant embryonic actin isoform in muscle, is expressed prior to cell fusion and prior to the expression of any isoform of muscle MHC mRNA. MHC mRNA accumulates rapidly immediately after fusion, whereas skeletal actin mRNA is expressed only in larger myofibers. Single cells expressing CAct mRNA have a characteristic short bipolar morphology, are in terminal G1, and do not contain detectable levels of the corresponding protein. In a pattern of expression reciprocal to that of CAct mRNA, beta-actin mRNA diminishes to low or undetectable levels in myofibers and in cells of the morphotype which expresses CAct mRNA. Finally, the intracellular distribution of mRNAs for different actin isoforms was compared using nonisotopic detection of isoform-specific oligonucleotide probes. This work illustrates a generally valuable approach to the analysis of cell differentiation and gene expression which directly integrates molecular, morphological, biochemical, and cell cycle information on individual cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Scurvy--the eternal masquerader.

Osseous involvement in scurvy is unusual in older children even though classical bony changes are well recognized in the infantile variety. This report describes two children with scurvy, aged 6 and 8 years, both of whom presented with bone pains and associated swelling. One child also had a pathological telescoping diaphyseal fracture--a complication not previously described in association with scurvy.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Use of oligodeoxynucleotide probes for quantitative in situ hybridization to actin mRNA.

We have employed an analytical approach for the development of an in situ hybridization methodology using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes for actin messenger RNA detection in cultures of chicken fibroblasts and myoblasts. The methodology developed shows that oligonucleotides can complement the use of nick-translated probes in specific situations. Since they can be made to specific nucleic acid regions independent of restriction enzyme sites, they may be the most convenient approach for analysis of gene families among which sequences are highly conserved. However, it was found that oligonucleotides synthesized to different regions of a messenger RNA behave in situ with differing efficiencies, indicating that not all target sequences are equivalent. Therefore it was necessary to screen several oligonucleotide probes to a target molecule to find the optimal one. The convenience of using synthetic DNA probes makes it worthwhile to explore some of these characteristic properties so as to increase the sensitivity of this approach beyond its application to targets in high abundance.

Actins↗
PubMed1987

Molecular biology of the HLA system in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Genetic studies indicate that the IDDM susceptibility genes in the HLA region are closely linked to the DR3 and DR4 specificities; however, these specificities do not define the actual susceptibility genes. Molecular studies confirm this hypothesis by demonstrating restriction fragment length polymorphism between DNA's of identical DR specificities and thereby separating the DR haplotypes into those strongly or weakly associated with IDDM. Further studies at the nucleotide sequence level demonstrate further heterogeneity, with DR4 being associated with at least three different DQ beta genes and five different genes of the DR beta-1 locus. However, the majority of these subtypes are now recognized either serologically or by T-cell responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Furthermore, the sequences associated with IDDM are those most commonly found in DR4 individuals, ie, Dw4 and DQw3.2. Clearly, these and other class II genes must be studied for additional DNA polymorphism and their relevance for IDDM. For example, the DX alpha, 2.1-kb Taql polymorphism shows a stronger correlation with IDDM than DR3. However, it is not even known if the DX alpha genes are expressed. In addition, little is known of the DQ beta and DR beta genes associated with different DR3-associated haplotypes. Furthermore, an IDDM susceptibility gene may contain important differences in flanking or intron sequences controlling expression of these genes. The methods of recombinant DNA technology are enabling these unanswered questions to be addressed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of three HLA-DR beta genes isolated from an HLA-DR 3/4 insulin-dependent diabetic patient.

Three HLA-DR beta genes were isolated from a Swedish HLA-DR3/4 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patient and characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis. Two out of the three DNA sequences differed from those of published DR beta-chain sequences. A DR beta-gene probe prepared from exon 4 and flanking sequences was used in a Southern blot analysis of blood donors' DNA and DNA from HLA-DR3/4 IDDM patients and HLA-DR-matched healthy control subjects. This probe differentiated HLA-DR3/4 IDDM patients and HLA-DR-matched controls in the Scandinavian population but not in the North American Caucasoid population.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Circular dichroism and ordered structure of bisnucleoside oligophosphates and their Zn2+ and Mg2+ complexes.

Circular dichroism, absorbance, hypochromicity, and the formation of Mg2+ and Zn2+ complexes have been measured for a series of bisnucleoside oligophosphates that contain adenosine, guanosine, and mixed guanosine/adenosine, guanosine/cytidine, and guanosine/uridine, as well as 7-methylguanosine and ribose-methylated purine nucleosides. All of the metal complex ions have stacking interactions at 2 degrees C, 10 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, pH 8.0. There is a measurable degree of base stacking for all unsubstituted purine nucleotides that differs, however, from that of bases in nucleic acids. The degree of base stacking varies with the length of oligophosphate chains and the state of methylation. The effect of 7-methylation of guanosine is interpreted as causing a switch of nucleic acid base stacking from an atypical to a typical mode, which could be important for cap function in mRNA. The Mg2+ and Zn2+ complexes give rise to characteristic circular dichroism. In all instances excepting 7-methylated bisguanosine oligophosphates, the active secondary structures are disrupted, and in this regard, Zn2+ is more effective than Mg2+. At least two sets of binding sites are involved. A single metal ion is bound tightly. Stability, in terms of equilibrium constants, increases by more than 1000-fold as a function of chain length varying from two to six phosphates. The consequences of methylation are only minor. Electrostatic attraction between metal ions and phosphates is the most likely mechanism of these phenomena as judged by the effect of high ionic strength.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of computed tomography and cineangiography in the demonstration of central pulmonary arteries in cyanotic congenital heart disease.

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for central pulmonary artery pathology in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) and right ventricular outflow obstruction. METHODS: We compared contrast-enhanced CT and cine pulmonary arteriography in 24 patients including hte confluence. Both investigations were interpreted by a cardiac radiologist in a double-blinded manner at an interval of 3 weeks. Angiography was used as the gold standard for comparison. RESULTS: The sensitivity for visualization of main pulmonary artery (MPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), and confluence on CT was 94%, 100%, 92.8%, and 92.8%, respectively. Diagnostic specificity for the same entities was 28.5%, 100%, 80% and 50%, respectively. The positive predictive value for each was 76.2%, 100%, 94.1%, and 72.2%, respectively. The low specificity of CT in the evaluation of the MPA and the confluence is perhaps due to distorted right ventricular outflow anatomy in CCHD. Large aortopulmonary collaterals in this region were mistaken for the MPA in some patients with pulmonary atresia. CONCLUSION: CT is a useful, relatively noninvasive, imaging technique for the central pulmonary arteries in selected patients. It can supplement diagnostic information from angiography but cannot replace it. LPA demonstration on axial images alone is inadequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obstructed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an adult.

Adult survival in patients with uncorrected obstructed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage has not been reported. A 17-year-old man who presented to us with features of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension was diagnosed to have obstructed pulmonary venous drainage to the hepatic vein. Presence of a large ventricular septal defect in this patient may have contributed favorably to survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT portography by direct intrasplenic contrast injection: a new technique.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of percutaneous contrast injection into splenic parenchyma as an alternative technique for computed tomographic (CT) portography in the preoperative assessment of primary hepatobiliary tumors. METHODS: Thirty-two patients underwent a nonenhanced CT scan of the liver, after which a 19-gauge, 10-cm-long needle was introduced into the splenic parenchyma under CT guidance. One hundred forty milliliters of contrast medium (200 mgI/mL; 28 g/I) were injected through this needle: first, a 20-mL bolus (in 5 s) and then 2 mL/s for 60 s. At the end of the bolus injection (5 s), 8-mm-thick contiguous axial scans of the liver were obtained. RESULTS: The success rate of the procedure was 93.7% (30/32; two technical failures). The average time required for the entire study was 13 min and 50 s (range = 7 min 53 s to 25 min 17 s). Hepatic parenchymal enhancement was good in 24/30 (80%), moderate in 3/30 (10%), and unsatisfactory in caudal sections of the liver in 3/30 (10%). Artifactual perfusion defects were seen in 4/30 (13%) due to inadvertant injection of small quantities of air. Intrasplenic subcapsular contrast accumulation occurred in 56.2% (18/32; minimal 15, moderate 3), extrasplenic contrast leakage in 12. 5% (4/32), and left shoulder pain in 18.7% (6/32). No major complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Direct intrasplenic contrast injection for CT portography is a simple, effective, and safe technique with a high success rate and requires significantly less time and lower doses of contrast medium; it also eliminates angiography, indwelling arterial catheters, and patient transfers from angiography to the CT area.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of renal angioplasty in nonspecific aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term results of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in the management of renovascular hypertension caused by nonspecific aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of 96 stenoses in 66 patients were retrospectively studied. The indications for PTRA included hypertension uncontrolled by single-drug therapy, evidence of greater than 70% diameter stenosis in the renal artery with a peak systolic gradient of greater than 20 mm Hg, and clinically inactive disease. RESULTS: Technical success was obtained in 91 (95%) stenoses in 62 patients. Clinical success was seen in 59 (89%) and included "cure" in 14 and "improvement" in 45 patients. The stenosis decreased from 88% +/- 6% (range, 70%-100%) to 11% +/- 12% (range, 0%-40%), systolic pressure gradient decreased from 95 mm Hg +/- 22 (range, 30-140 mm Hg) to 9 mm Hg +/- 8 (range, 0-30 mm Hg), blood pressure improved from 181 +/- 16 (range, 150-220)/115 +/- 10 (range, 90-146) to 136 +/- 25 (range, 130-210)/86 +/- 16 (range, 80-130) mm Hg, and the drug requirement decreased from 3.9 +/- .6 (range, 2-5) to 1.1 +/- .9 (range, 0-3) (P value for all < .001). Complications included transient intrarenal arterial spasm in three patients, groin hematoma in two patients, and ipsilateral renal vein injury in one patient. At 22 months +/- 17 (range, 4-84 months) follow-up, the restenosis rate, as determined by recurrence of hypertension and angiographic demonstration of restenosis, was 16%. CONCLUSION: Despite some technical problems, PTRA is safe and effective in treating renovascular hypertension caused by nonspecific aortoarteritis. The complication rate is low.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinoma oesophagus--an unusual cause of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.

A rare case of Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in association with carcinoma of the oesophagus has been reported from Indian subcontinent. In addition to long bones short tubular bones are also involved in our case. Neurogenic theory is the most feasible pathogenesis for hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in the present case.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic ultrasonography in patients with lepromatous leprosy.

Hepatic Sonography was done in 36 patients with lepromatous Leprosy and 3 patients with borderline lepromatous leprosy with the view to assess abnormalities of size, changes in the echotexture and to observe the presence of any nodules and calcification in the liver. Routine liver function tests were also done in these patients. No definite abnormal sonographic findings were seen in the liver in a large majority of these patients. One patient, however, showed nodular changes in the liver.

Adult↗