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Biomedical subjects

K Tamada

Publications and source records attributed to K Tamada.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Specific deposition of passively transferred monoclonal antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 in rat brain infected with the virus.

The kinetics of human monoclonal antibody (anti-gB) to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were investigated after intravenous injection of anti-gB into an HSV-1 encephalitis animal model. Immunohistochemical study revealed specific deposition of passively transferred anti-gB in the hippocampus and thalamus of the infected rat brain, and it bound to the same neurons in which HSV-1 antigen was positively stained. To examine the macroscopic distribution of anti-gB in the infected brain, we undertook an 125I-labeled anti-gB injection study, and the same distribution of 125I-labeled anti-gB deposition was observed by brain semimicroautoradiography as in the immunohistochemical study. These results suggest that anti-gB easily permeates the capillary wall and is deposited in the inflammatory site where HSV-1-specific antigen is detectable. The use of radioisotope-labeled anti-gB injection and external brain imaging could lead to a noninvasive diagnostic tool for the early detection of HSV-1 antigen in cases of suspected HSV-1 encephalitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Hemolytic anemia following high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin administration.

We describe two cases of hemolytic anemia following high-dose intravenous human immunoglobulin administration in young females with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Inducement of hemolytic anemia by anti-A and anti-B antibodies in these cases necessitates the performance of a minor crossmatching procedure prior to immunoglobulin use to prevent the occurrence of this adverse reaction.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1995

Concomitant immunity against tumor development is enhanced by the oral administration of a kampo medicine, Hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41: Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang).

The oral administration of a kampo herbal medicine, Hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41: Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang) using a water-supplying bottle resulted in a slight but significant inhibition of Meth A growth. The oral administration of TJ-41 with gastric gavage significantly enhanced the specific antitumor activity against Meth A at rechallenge on day 9. In a tumor-neutralizing assay, the tumor draining LN cells of the TJ-41 administered mice showed an antitumor activity against Meth A. In a cytolytic assay, the anti-Meth A specific cytolytic T lymphocyte activity was not detected in the spleen cells of the Meth A bearing and TJ-41 administered mice. The oral administration of TJ-41 enhanced the natural killer (NK) activity of the spleen cells in naive mice but could not improve the decreased NK activity of spleen cells from the tumor bearing mice. In a cytostatic assay, the peritoneal exudate cells from the Meth A bearing and TJ-41 administered mice showed a significantly higher amount of cytostatic activity against Meth A than that from either Meth A bearing or TJ-41 administered mice. These results indicate that the oral administration of TJ-41 into the tumor bearing mice may thus be able to enhance concomitant antitumor immunity through the augmentation of the cytostatic activity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Preoperative staging of extrahepatic bile duct cancer with intraductal ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the tumor extension of extrahepatic bile duct cancer by means of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS). METHODS: IDUS preoperatively assessed the tumor extensions in 25 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer. The diagnostic accuracy of IDUS was investigated by comparison with other diagnostic imaging modalities in all cases and with histopathological findings of resected specimens in 18 cases. RESULTS: IDUS proved useful in assessing the extension of cancer invasion to the pancreas parenchyma, portal vein, and right hepatic artery. The limitation of the degree of accuracy, based on the group staging criteria, was 68%. IDUS could not assess tumor invasion to the perimuscular loose connective tissue. Therefore, it could not distinguish stage II from stage I. IDUS could not sufficiently assess epicholedochal lymph node metastases (differential diagnosis between stages II and III) and could not demonstrate distant metastases (differential diagnosis between stages IVA and IVB) because of the inevitable attenuation of the echo itself. IDUS could assess cases of stage IVA correctly in 8/8 (100%) cases. The combination of PTC/ERC and IDUS could assess the horizontal extension correctly in 13/18 (72%) cases. The combination of PTC/ERC, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS), and IDUS assessed the horizontal extension in 14/15 (93%) cases. CONCLUSION: 1) IDUS, with a high-frequency probe, was very useful for assessing tumor infiltration in the hepatoduodenal ligament. 2) IDUS could not assess tumor extension outside of the hepatoduodenal ligament, but conventional ultrasonography and angiography could compensate for it. 3) The combination of PTC/ERC, PTCS, and IDUS could assess horizontal extension correctly.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Selective intrathecal phenol block to improve activities of daily living in patients with spastic quadriplegia. A preliminary report.

To eliminate severe leg spasms of 15 quadriplegics, 0.3 ml 10% phenol-glycerin was injected into the subarachnoid space at the T12/L1 interspace. The effectiveness for leg spasm was evaluated by the Penn spasticity and Ashworth rigidity scales. Three patients remained completely flaccid; however three had slight, six had moderate and three had complete recurrence of spasms in a follow up period of observation for 1 to 22 (average 13) months. The result of selective intrathecal phenol block was significantly valuable, improving the activities of daily living (ADL) of quadriplegic patients. There were no systemic side effects nor disturbance of bladder, bowel or sexual functions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

[Factors related to postoperative hydronephrosis following ureteroneocystostomy in neurogenic bladders].

A total of 68 ureteroneocystostomies performed between 1980 and 1992 in 63 patients with vesicoureteral reflux (UVR) secondary to neurogenic bladder were reviewed to elucidate factors of postoperative hydronephrosis. Urogram, cystogram, and urodynamics were analyzed, and the cases were classified into two types (areflexia, hyperreflexia) of detrusor muscle response. Occurrence or progression of hydronephrosis was demonstrated in 26 operations (complicated group). Compared with the rest (uncomplicated group), significant difference was not observed concerning proportions of vesical deformity, VUR grades, preoperative hydronephrosis, cystometric types and operative factors. In cases of hyperreflexia maximum vesical volume, maximum vesical pressure or maximum urethral pressure was not different between both groups. However, in those of areflexia maximum vesical volume of the complicated group was significantly smaller than that of the uncomplicated group (290 +/- 35 ml vs. 370 +/- 35 ml, P = 0.03), and the proportion of bladders with compliance less than 10 ml/cmH2O was significantly higher in the complicated group than in the uncomplicated group (P = 0.05) though maximum vesical pressure or maximum urethral pressure was not different. In areflex bladder deformity was observed more in the complicated group than in the uncomplicated group (P = 0.06). Relative inactiveness of detrusor muscle in areflex bladder might render such preoperative findings as vesical deformity, contracted bladder and low compliance more prognosticative of postoperative hydronephrosis than in hyperreflex bladder. During the follow up (6 to 132, mean 42 months) no case showed progression of hydronephrosis or renal deterioration, nor did any case require revisional surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A case of anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system demonstrated by intraductal ultrasonography.

A 55-yr-old female was hospitalized with epigastric pain. Conventional ultrasonography revealed marked dilation of the common bile duct (CBD). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed fusiform dilation of the CBD. The common channel of the pancreatic duct and choledochus was 20 mm long. A diagnosis of congenital choledochal dilation accompanied by anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system (AAPBDS) was made. Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) was performed. IDUS demonstrated the union of the pancreatic duct and choledochus within the pancreatic parenchyma. This meant that the union existed outside the duodenal wall, confirming the diagnosis of AAPBDS. Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography alone could show the maljunction in this case, simultaneous IDUS will be useful in making an accurate diagnosis of AAPBDS.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1994

A case of chronic pancreatitis with pseudocysts complicated by infection and obstructive jaundice.

We report a case of chronic pancreatitis with pseudocysts complicated by infection and obstructive jaundice. A 49-yr-old male was admitted with the complaints of fever and jaundice. Laboratory findings included high biliary tract enzyme values and normal serum amylase value. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic scan demonstrated a cyst, 4 cm in diameter, in the pancreas head. Cholangiography revealed a long, tapered obstruction of the common bile duct which was apparently compressed by the cyst. Although the jaundice improved after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, fever continued, and the cyst was aspirated. Bacteriological examination of the contents revealed infection. The symptoms disappeared rapidly and the cyst decreased in size soon after aspiration. The stenosis of the common bile duct showed improvement for several weeks but then regressed. In a patient with secondary pancreatic infection or obstructive jaundice following pancreatic disease, distinguishing the condition is an important aspect of accurate diagnosis and therapy.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment of tumor extent in extrahepatic bile duct cancers--utility of intraductal ultrasonography].

Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) were performed in patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer and compared to other diagnostic modalities and to resected specimens. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a non-invasive diagnostic method useful for screening patients with bile duct cancers and determining whether they are resectable or not. While, EUS was not useful for the differential diagnosis of advanced and early tumors, and less useful in case of bile duct tumors located at the hilus hepatitis. IDUS proved useful without blind spot even in case of bile duct cancers at the hilus hepatis. IDUS was especially useful for the differential diagnosis of advanced and early tumors. IDUS is the very accurate diagnostic modality which make up for EUS and essential to determine the appropriate operation plan.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Selective induction of alpha 1 isoform of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase by insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I in cultured rat astrocytes.

Treatment of cultured rat astrocytes with insulin increased (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity expressed per protein or DNA by 1.6- to 2.1-fold, but did not affect Mg(2+)-ATPase and adenylate cyclase activities. Insulin treatment increased protein and DNA contents under the conditions, while it did not cause morphological differentiation as determined by a microscopic inspection. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) had a similar effect on the enzyme activity in astrocytes: the effect of insulin was observed at supraphysiological concentrations, while that of IGF-I was observed at physiological concentrations. Insulin and IGF-I both stimulated DNA synthesis at the concentrations that caused an increase in enzyme activity. The effect was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as genistein and herbimycin A and by cycloheximide. Western blot analysis showed that alpha 1 and alpha 2 isoforms of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase were present in cultured astrocytes and that insulin and IGF-I increased the content of the alpha 1 isoform but did not that of the alpha 2 isoform. Two components of ouabain inhibition were observed in the enzyme purified partially from cultured astrocytes, and treatment of the cells with IGF-I increased the ratio of the low-affinity component of the inhibition, indicating a selective increase in the activity of the alpha 1 isoform. These results indicate that insulin increases (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity through an activation of IGF-I receptors and the increase is due to the selective induction of the alpha 1 isoform in cultured astrocytes.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1993

[Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopic lithotomy (PTCCSL)].

We have performed percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopic lithotomy (PTCCSL) in 37 cases of cholecystolithiasis and have succeeded in the removal of the stones in all cases without any serious complications. The average period from gallbladder puncture until the completion of lithotomy was 11.8 days and PTCCSL was performed an average of 2.1 times. The follow-up period after lithotomy ranged from one to 60 months, with an average of 24.7 months. Gallbladder function returned to the pretreatment level. However, gallstones recurred in 7 cases (18.9%). In comparison with both cholecystectomy by laparotomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, PTCCSL is less invasive, but recurrence may occur in a relatively short period with PTCCSL. Therefore PTCCSL is particularly indicated for high-risk patients who cannot undergo general anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholecystoendoprosthesis (ERCCE) for cholecystitis.

Fourteen patients with cholecystitis were treated by endoscopic placement of an endoprosthesis into the cystic duct. In these patients the administration of antibiotics had failed to change the clinical picture of cholecystitis. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings before and two months after stenting were compared. There was an improvement in abdominal pain in 9 out of 14 cases (64%); fever, present in 5 patients, disappeared in all. No clinical complications were observed. Sonographic findings in terms of gallbladder wall thickening and sludge present within the gallbladder improved in 57% and 88%, respectively. Our results indicate that this endoscopic procedure may be effective in the treatment of cholecystitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis of biliary diseases via a naso-biliary catheter.

Nasobiliary double contrast radiography and nasobiliary cytological diagnosis via nasobiliary catheter were performed in 30 patients with biliary diseases to assess the diagnostic usefulness and limitations of the procedures. The results showed that the contour and fine mucosal pattern of the extrahepatic bile duct could be demonstrated adequately (88%) by nasobiliary double contrast radiography. In contrast, the intrahepatic bile duct could not be fully demonstrated (56%) by nasobiliary double contrast radiography because of its anatomical structure. On the other hand the fine reticular pattern of the mucosa was defined in each section of the gallbladder by nasobiliary double contrast radiography. This procedure is thus a valuable method for detection of mucosal lesions of the extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder, especially carcinoma. The cell collection rate was not as high (59%) using conventional nasobiliary cytological diagnosis. Brush cytology via a nasobiliary catheter was shown to be a useful adjunct to other diagnostic procedures.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1990

Japanese encephalitis in a 7-month-old Japanese boy.

A 7-month-old Japanese boy was diagnosed as having meningo-encephalitis with anterior horn cell damage. The complement fixation (CF) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests showed increased antibody titers against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, but HI antibody in the mother's serum was not increased. It appears that the lack of JE-antibodies from the mother may have resulted in increased JE viral infectivity in the patient. A decrease in the incidence of antibodies against various viruses in women of childbearing age may lead to increased rates of severe viral infection in infants.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1990

[A case of hyperplastic polypoid lesion in the common bile duct hard to differentiate from early bile duct carcinoma].

In a 72-year-old male carcinoma of the bile duct was suspected because of an abnormality on laboratory examination. Ultrasound showed the dilatation of extrabiliary duct. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed localized wall thickening of the common bile duct. ERCP demonstrated the dilatation of the CBD. Within the dilated duct a filling defect was present. Histology of the resected specimen disclosed hyperplasia of the epithelium in the CBD.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Autonomic hyperactivity in patients with vasospastic angina.

To evaluate the role of the autonomic nervous system in vasospastic angina, plasma catecholamine and cyclic nucleotide levels were measured and the pilocarpine test was performed in 19 patients with vasospastic angina, 14 patients with nonvasospastic angina and 7 control subjects who were hospitalized patients without heart disease. Diurnal and nocturnal levels of plasma catecholamines were significantly higher in patients with angina pectoris, especially in patients with vasospastic angina, as compared with those of controls. In addition, an increase in plasma catecholamines preceded the onset of spontaneous and pilocarpine induced anginal attacks associated with significant increases in plasma catecholamines in patients with vasospastic angina. On the other hand, while nifedipine significantly suppressed both spontaneous and pilocarpine induced anginal attacks, the increase in plasma catecholamines remained. These results indicate that increased activity and responsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system may possibly contribute to the development of vasospastic angina on the basis of parasympathetic hyperactivity.

Angina Pectoris↗