The precontrast, immediate postcontrast and the one hour postcontrast CT scans were analysed in search for liver metastases in 75 patients with malignant disease. The use of high dose intravenous contrast medium (42 g I) increased the number of hepatic metastases detected. The one hour postcontrast scan revealed a few more lesions than the immediate postcontrast scan. Further investigations on this subject are necessary before any definite conclusions can be made as our series of patients is small. In routine CT the most practical procedure in search for liver metastases is: 1) Scanning of the liver without contrast medium. 2) Incremental dynamic scanning during and immediately following injection of contrast medium. 3) If there is still uncertainty: Scanning at a later time, for example at one hour after injection of contrast medium.

Contrast Media↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Normal and anomalous structures simulating retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy at computed tomography.

The present report illustrates normal and anomalous anatomic structures which may represent pitfalls in diagnosis when computed tomography of the abdomen is performed in the search for enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes.

Cryptorchidism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography in carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The use of different injection methods.

Computed tomography (CT) scans of the urinary bladder were taken before and in combination with intravenous contrast medium injection in 30 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma. Three different ways of injecting the same amount of intravenous contrast material were used in three groups, each consisting of ten patients. In the first group the contrast medium was given during 90 seconds, in the second group during 40 seconds and in the third one, the first half during 20 seconds and the second half during 90 seconds. The attenuation in the tumors and in the bladder wall was measured in Hounsfield units. Independent of injection method, all tumors showed significantly higher contrast enhancement than the bladder wall when the injection was terminated. The difference in contrast enhancement was greatest in the group where the shortest injection time was used and greatest immediately after the conclusion of the injection. The difference in contrast enhancement between tumor and bladder wall was visible on the monitor in all cases.

Contrast Media↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography to show perivesical extension in bladder carcinoma.

Fifty-two patients (53 lesions) with muscle invasive carcinoma (T2/T3) of the urinary bladder were examined with computed tomography (CT) before planned total cystectomy. The object of CT was to demonstrate perivesical growth. All patients were examined before and after intravenous injection of contrast medium. The stages obtained from the precontrast and postcontrast scans were compared with the histopathologic stage from the cystectomy specimen. CT staged correctly 35 of the 53 lesions in the precontrast series and 46 of the 53 lesions in the postcontrast series. The improved accuracy from contrast enhancement resulted primarily from fewer cases being overstaged. The use of intravenous contrast medium improved accuracy of CT in evaluation of perivesical tumor growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of invasive bladder carcinoma after diagnostic transurethral resection.

Fourteen patients with known muscle invasive bladder carcinoma were examined with computed tomography (CT) before and five to seven days after diagnostic transurethral resection (TUR). The CT examinations included pre- and postcontrast series. In order to standardize the technique, we examined on a distended bladder. No significant changes occurred for the whole group after TUR. Individual changes were seen. In six patients the largest measured area of the bladder tumor increased after resection and in four the largest measured thickness increased, and this should be borne in mind when CT is used to evaluate tumor response to treatment. Perivesical changes occurred only after extensive diathermy or perforation. They did not show contrast enhancement and could therefore not be mistaken for tumor growth.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of metastatic renal cancer with ifosfamide and mesnum with and without irradiation.

Ifosfamide (50-60 mg/kg of body weight, Days 1-5) and mesnum (10-12 mg/kg of body weight, Days 1-5) were given to 15 patients with measurable metastatic renal cancer. This treatment was repeated on Day 29. In addition, six of these 15 patients received irradiation to some of the metastatic areas. There was one partial remission among 11 evaluable patients after two ifosfamide courses. The partial remission was seen in a metastatic area treated with low-dose irradiation prior to the first ifosfamide course. Two cases of early death and two cases of toxic death (urotoxicity) were observed. The main hematologic complication was moderate to severe leukopenia. Previously reported high response rates to ifosfamide treatment of renal cancer could not be confirmed.

Adenocarcinoma↗