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Biomedical subjects

K Takebe

Publications and source records attributed to K Takebe.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hyperinsulinemia and blood pressure in non-obese middle-aged subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

A possible link between hyperinsulinemia and blood pressure was studied in non-obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. First, the responses in plasma glucose and serum insulin to an oral glucose load (75-g oral glucose tolerance test) were compared between 42 patients with essential hypertension and 93 normotensive control subjects. Second, of the 93 normotensive subjects, the relations of serum insulin levels to blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were assessed in 8 hyperinsulinemic (serum insulin level [during fasting, or after glucose loading, or both] greater than 2 S.D. higher than the mean) and 8 pair-matched normoinsulinemic subjects (serum insulin level within 1 S.D. of the mean), individually matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Plasma glucose and serum insulin responses to the glucose load in hypertensive subjects were identical to the respective responses in normotensive subjects, while the mean total serum cholesterol level was slightly higher (p less than 0.05) in hypertensive subjects. The respective values for systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and total serum cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were comparable in hyperinsulinemic and normoinsulinemic subjects. These results did not suggest a close association between hyperinsulinemia and elevated blood pressure in non-obese middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

Role of phospholipid in the formation of large aggregates and dissolution of insoluble calcium salts in mode bile solution.

The role of phospholipid in the formation of large aggregates and the dissolution of insoluble calcium salts in bile was studied in mode bile solutions of various lipid compositions. Calcium carbonate was added as an insoluble calcium salt. As the ratio of phospholipid concentration to bile acid increased, the rate of bile acid in the formation of large aggregates increased; total calcium concentration also increased but Ca2+ concentration did not change. Furthermore, a close relationship between the sum of the bile acid and phospholipid concentrations in the large aggregate fraction and the total calcium concentration in model bile solutions was observed. It could be concluded that phospholipid plays a role in dissolution of insoluble calcium salts by promoting the formation of large aggregates in bile.

Bile↗
PubMed1990

Effect of the glucocorticoid milieu on the immunostaining of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in the rat hypothalamus.

Effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) or dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on the immunostaining of hypothalamic peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) were examined in male rats. After colchicine treatment, PHI-containing cell bodies were observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). ADX increased and DEX dose-dependently decreased the number of PHI-immunopositive neurons in the PVN. The number of SCN-PHI neurons was not affected by any treatment employed in this study. These results suggest that PVN-PHI neurons are under the effects of the glucocorticoid milieu, and that the neurons may be involved in the glucocorticoid regulation of adrenocorticotropin and prolactin secretion.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the renal effects of dilevalol and carteolol in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

The effects of 6 weeks of treatment with dilevalol 100 mg once daily, or carteolol 10 mg once daily, on renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and total renal vascular resistance (TRR) were studied in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension in a randomised cross-over experiment. Both drugs lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures to a similar extent without altering the heart rate. Carteolol non-significantly decreased RBF by 9.2% and GFR by 12.3% without altering. TRR, whereas dilevalol produced a significant reduction in TRR by 13.2% (p less than 0.05), a non-significant decrease in RBF by 4.6% and no change in GFR. Neither drug changed plasma osmotic pressure, serum total protein concentration, electrolytes or plasma aldosterone concentration. Plasma renin activity tended to be lower in the dilevalol phase as compared to the carteolol phase. The results suggest that dilevalol may cause a greater decrease in TRR and less reduction in GFR when compared to carteolol in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The difference in the renal effects might be due to the difference in the potency of vasodilatory properties of both drugs at the doses applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Renal effects of nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, in hypertensive type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.

The renal effects of oral maintenance doses of nicardipine 60-120 mg/day have been studied in 18 hypertensive patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: 6 with normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate, AER less than 20 micrograms.min-1, Group A); 6 with incipient nephropathy, (AER 20-200 micrograms.min-1, Group B); and 6 with overt nephropathy (AER greater than 200 micrograms.min-1, Group C). Treatment for 4 weeks significantly lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and reduced total renal vascular resistance in all three groups. Nicardipine increased renal blood flow significantly in Group C and slightly in Group B, and had no effect in Group A. Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged in all three groups. It significantly reduced AER and the fractional clearance of albumin in Group B, whereas AER in Groups A and C was not altered. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, osmotic pressure, serum total protein and albumin concentrations and haemoglobin A1c level were similar in the control and nicardipine phases in all three groups. The results suggest that nicardipine may preserve renal function whilst having a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and incipient nephropathy, and that the drug may improve renal blood flow in patients with overt nephropathy. The effect of the drug on urinary albumin excretion may deserve further investigation.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of calcium content of gallstones by computed tomography and the relationship between gallbladder function and calcification of gallstones.

To evaluate the relationship between gallbladder function and calcification of gallstones, we studied gallbladder contractility by oral cholecystography, the computed tomography (CT) number of stones for 30 gallstone patients, calcium content of 13 stones operatively extirpated, and the degree of inflammatory change in 13 surgical gallbladder specimens. There was significant correlation between the calcium content and CT numbers of stones, and 1% of the calcium content of gallstone was approximately equal to 40 Hounsfield Units (HU) of the CT number. The calcium content of stones in patients with normal gallbladder contractility was extrapolated to be below 1.5%, while that with poor contractility ranged from 0% to 21%. Additionally there is a possibility that calcium content increases, related to the inflammatory change of gallbladder. Hence our results suggested that measurement of the CT number of stones is useful to evaluate the calcium content of gallstones, and that the gallbladder contractility could be one of the factors to influence calcification of stones.

Cholecystography↗
PubMed1990

A study on the influence of bile acid chemical structure on dissolution of insoluble calcium salts: an in vitro study of the use of bile acid-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol model bile solution.

The influence of bile acid chemical structure on dissolution of insoluble calcium salts and the reducing effect of ionized calcium was studied. Various bile acids were used to compound model bile acid-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol model bile solutions. After CaCO3 was added to these solutions, both total calcium solubility and ionized calcium concentration in the solutions were measured. Dihydroxy bile acid is more effective than trihydroxy bile acid and 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acid is more effective than 7 beta-hydroxy bile acid, with regard to calcium solubility and the reducing effect of ionized calcium in model bile solution. Glutamic or asparaginic acid conjugates are more effective than glycine or taurine conjugates. Therefore, calcium solubility and the reducing effect of ionized calcium in model bile solutions are dependent on the number and orientation of hydroxy groups on the steroid nucleus as well as electrical charge of conjugating amino acid of bile acid. Chenodeoxycholic acid conjugated with glutamic or asparginic acid possesses high calcium solubility and large binding capacity with ionized calcium.

Bile↗
PubMed1990

Renal effects of bunazosin, a new alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker, in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

Renal effects of 4-week fixed maintenance doses of bunazosin three times daily (2.0 mg t.i.d., n = 8) and propranolol (40 mg t.i.d., n = 8) were evaluated in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension [World Health Organization (WHO) stages I and II]. Both bunazosin and propranolol decreased blood pressure (BP) significantly (p less than 0.05), but the magnitude of reduction in diastolic BP (DBP) was greater with bunazosin (p less than 0.05) than with propranolol. Bunazosin produced a nonsignificant increase in renal blood flow (RBF) by 14%, a significant increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 11% (p less than 0.05), and a decrease in total renal vascular resistance (TRR) by 15% (p less than 0.05), whereas propranolol caused no significant changes in these parameters. Urinary sodium excretion rate and the fractional excretion of sodium were unchanged by either of the drugs. The results of this short-term study suggest that bunazosin may be a drug that will increase RBF and GFR and decrease TRR with a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Whether these renal functional effects of the drug would benefit such patients must be determined in long-term studies.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

The pharmacokinetics of enalapril in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.

The possibility of an impaired hepatic de-esterification of enalapril to enalaprilat due to hepatic dysfunction was assessed in seven patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and 10 normal control subjects. The peak serum concentration and time to the peak serum concentration of enalaprilat, as well as the suppression of serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity, following a single oral dose of enalapril maleate (10 mg) were not different in the two groups. The elimination half-life of enalaprilat was related to renal function. The results suggest that hepatic biotransformation of the drug may not be disturbed in a clinically significant manner in patients with moderate hepatic dysfunction due to compensated liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity of mononuclear leukocyte in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.

Acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity of mononuclear leukocytes was measured in 52 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Enzyme activity was significantly lower in the diabetic patients than in 14 age-matched control subjects (0.89 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- S.E.) vs. 2.20 +/- 0.17 nmol/mg protein/hr, p less than 0.01). In diabetic patients undergoing diet treatment only, the enzyme activity was significantly lower in poorly controlled patients than in well controlled patients (0.43 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.24 nmol/mg protein/hr, p less than 0.01). In the diabetic patients, there was a significant negative correlation between the enzyme activity and serum total cholesterol or low density lipoprotein cholesterol level (r = -0.361, p less than 0.01, n = 52 or r = -0.630, p less than 0.01, n = 28). These results suggest that a low level of acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity in mononuclear leukocyte might play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes.

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases↗
PubMed1990

Uncontrolled hypertension is associated with a rapid progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria and preserved renal function.

The relationship between blood pressure and progression of nephropathy was studied (the mean follow-up period of 32.6 +/- 17.9 (S.D.) months in 20 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with clinical nephropathy (proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/day) and preserved renal function (serum creatinine level less than 150 mumol/liter). Fifteen hypertensive patients under antihypertensive treatment were divided into 2 groups: those with the mean diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg and/or the mean systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 150 mmHg during the follow-up period were designated as Group A (n = 6) and the remainders as Group B (n = 9). Five normotensive patients without any anti-hypertensive treatment throughout the follow-up period served as a control group (Group C). The decline rate in GFR was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in Group A (1.15 +/- 0.39 (S.E.) ml/min/month) than those in Groups B (0.33 +/- 0.08 ml/min/month) and C (0.40 +/- 0.09 ml/min/month), respectively. The decline rate in GFR showed significant positive correlations both with systolic (rS = 0.553, p less than 0.05) and diastolic (rS = 0.493, p less than 0.05) blood pressures in the 15 hypertensive patients. The age, initial glomerular filtration rate, duration of diabetes and mean HbA1c level during the observation period were comparable in Groups A, B and C, respectively. The results indicate that an uncontrolled hypertension is associated with a rapid progression of kidney impairment in Type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy, as has been suggested in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium antagonist in hypertensive type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: a randomised controlled trial.

Seven of eight hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria completed a randomised crossover trial to compare the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) and calcium antagonist (nicardipine). Four-week fixed oral maintenance dosages of enalapril (10-20 mg/day) and nicardipine (60-120 mg/day) significantly (p less than 0.05) lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures without altering renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction. Both drugs significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) urinary albumin excretion rate and fractional clearance of albumin to similar extents. Total renal vascular resistance decreased significantly by nicardipine (p less than 0.05) and non-significantly by enalapril. Plasma osmotic pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, total serum protein concentration, serum electrolytes and HbA1c remained unchanged by these drugs, whereas plasma renin activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the enalapril than in the control and nicardipine phases. These results suggest that both drugs have similar renal function preserving effects with a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, and that the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor may not have advantageous renal effects when compared to the calcium antagonist and vice versa. Both drugs might be useful for treatment of high blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic patients, if long-term studies of these drugs can be shown to benefit the patients over other conventional antihypertensive therapies.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Urinary dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.

We measured the urinary excretions of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, their conjugated metabolites, urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine clearance simultaneously in 21 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and 6 normal subjects. The mean (+/- SEM) value for urinary excretion of dopamine (52.4 +/- 8.8 micrograms/day) in diabetic patients with nephropathy (Group C, n = 12) was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than in the normal subjects (Group A, 179.7 +/- 15.5 micrograms/day) and in diabetic patients without nephropathy (Group B, n = 9, 131.5 +/- 16.5 micrograms/day). The mean values for the urinary excretions of noradrenaline and adrenaline were also significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in Group C than in Groups A and B. In addition, the mean urinary excretion of conjugated metabolite of dopamine in Group C was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in Group A. There was a trend toward the observation that the mean 24-h urinary excretion of sodium in Group C (121.6 less than 12.9 mEq) was lower as compared with that in Group A (140.8 +/- 8.9 mEq) or B (150.7 +/- 17.9 mEq). A multiple regression analysis revealed that the 24-h urinary excretion of dopamine correlated significantly with creatinine clearance, systolic (P less than 0.01) and diastolic (P less than 0.05) blood pressures. The results indicate that synthesis or secretion of renal dopamine might decrease with a progression of diabetic nephropathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Creatinine↗