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Biomedical subjects

K Takebe

Publications and source records attributed to K Takebe.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Role of the fibula in weight-bearing.

To investigate the weight-bearing function of the fibula, weight-loading experiments were performed on autopsy specimens. With the ankle joint in neutral position, the weight distribution to the fibula amounted to 6.4%. With dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, the weight on the fibula increased. With plantar flexion of the ankle joint, the weight on the fibula decreased. Lateral and posterior loading of the tibia produced increased weight on the fibula. With eversion of the ankle joint, the weight on the fibula increased. The weight-bearing function increased with augmentation of the tibiofibular articular angle. These characteristics of the fibular weight-bearing function should be considered carefully in the treatment of the knee joint or the fibula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hormonal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with Shy-Drager syndrome.

We examined the response of plasma glucose concentration and glucose counterregulatory factors (eg, glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol, and norepinephrine) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in four patients with Shy-Drager syndrome and in five control subjects to determine if glucose counterregulation occurred in the patients with sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system defects. The recovery of plasma glucose from hypoglycemia in a slower phase in the patients appeared to be almost similar to that in the control subjects, along with the absence of an initial rapid recovery phase; that is, there was no significant difference in the plasma glucose levels observed at any point between the patients and the control subjects. Although the insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the control subjects provoked a rapid release of epinephrine, followed by an increase in the plasma glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol levels, it did not cause a significant increase in any of the glucose counterregulatory factors in the patients. Our findings that the restoration of normoglycemia after insulin-induced hypoglycemia occurred despite no significant increase in the counterregulatory hormonal factors suggest that other glucose counterregulatory mechanisms (eg, increased glucose release from the liver by the intrinsic effect of hypoglycemia on the liver) than the hormonal glucose counterregulatory factors might play an important role in the recovery of plasma glucose from insulin-induced hypoglycemia in a state of chronic deficiency of hormonal factors.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Pituitary-adrenocortical system in patients with Shy-Drager syndrome.

We examined ACTH responses to the three main mechanisms of ACTH secretion, i.e., stress, negative feedback and circadian rhythm, in six patients with Shy-Drager syndrome and in six control subjects to determine whether or not injury to the central autonomic nervous system provokes some disturbances in ACTH secretion. The patients showed a poor cortisol response to the stress of insulin induced hypoglycemia along with a normal ACTH and urinary 17-OHCS response to metyrapone and a normal cortisol circadian rhythm. The discrepancy between the above-mentioned functional tests of ACTH secretion is rare to our knowledge. These findings suggested the existence of a glucoreceptor defect in such patients, or the possibility that the stress of insulin induced hypoglycemia stimulates ACTH secretion by way of the autonomic nervous system.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

The mechanism of aldosterone response to furosemide test in patients with Shy-Drager syndrome.

We examined the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in seven patients with Shy-Drager syndrome by studying their response to the stimulation of 1 mg/kg furosemide injection followed by sitting for 1 hour. Six of the seven patients showed a low response of plasma renin activity to the stimulation. However, in five of the low responders, the plasma aldosterone levels after stimulation were observed to be similar to those of the control subjects; in addition, an increment in the plasma cortisol level appeared although no such increment was observed in normal subjects. Next, we studied the aldosterone response to angiotensin II. The five patients who showed a low plasma renin activity response and a normal aldosterone response to furosemide administration also showed low plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II. Furthermore, in the patients who demonstrated a low plasma renin activity response and a normal aldosterone response to furosemide administration, the pretreatment with 2 mg dexamethasone for 2 days caused a marked inhibition of aldosterone response to the stimulation. These findings suggested that in most patients with Shy-Drager syndrome, the plasma aldosterone response to the stimulation of furosemide injection followed by sitting for 1 hour might be controlled by ACTH but not by plasma renin activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Renin-angiotensin system and plasma aldosterone in Cushing's syndrome.

The renin-angiotensin system was studied in eight patients with Cushing's syndrome (four with adrenal adenoma and four with adrenal hyperplasia) and in five normal controls. Basal plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) were similar in supine position among Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma (PRA; 1.0 +/- 0.3 ng/ml/h, PAC; 7.4 +/- 1.0 ng/dl, mean +/- SE), those due to adrenal hyperplasia (1.0 +/- 0.2, 6.9 +/- 0.8) and the controls (0.8 +/- 0.1, 6.4 +/- 0.4). The PRA after furosemide (1 mg/kg i.v.) and 120 min. upright posture stimulation was similar among Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma (2.2 +/- 0.7 ng/ml/h), those due to adrenal hyperplasia (2.6 +/- 1.7) and the controls (2.5 +/- 1.2). However, the PAC response after the stimulation in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia (7.1 +/- 1.2 ng/dl) was significantly lower than that in the controls (17.5 +/- 2.1) (p less than 0.01), although there was no significant difference between the PAC response in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma (12.6 +/- 1.0) and the controls. These results indicate that PAC response to furosemide and upright pasture stimulation might be suppressed in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.

We studied the incidence of goiters and that of thyroid antibodies in 278 patients with diabetes mellitus, in whom six subjects with primary hypothyroidism were excluded, and measured their serum TSH concentrations. The incidence of goiters was 31.8%, and was higher in females than in males. The incidence of goiters in diabetics under the age of 40 was higher than that in subjects more than 40 years old, and the incidence of microsome antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies were found to be 18.5% and 1.8%, respectively, in these two groups. The percentage of microsome antibodies was lower in diabetics between the ages of 40 and 60 than in diabetics under the age of 40 or over the age of 60. The incidence of goiters and microsome antibodies was not related to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. There was a significantly positive correlation between serum TSH concentration and age in diabetics with serum TSH levels less than 5 microU/ml. As a result, although the incidence of goiters in diabetics was found to decrease with age, the incidence of thyroid antibodies and serum TSH levels were found to increase. These findings suggest that it might be possible to observe atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis, sometimes resulting in subclinical hypothyroidism, in aged diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Analyses of risk factors of ischemic heart disease in diabetics--multivariate analyses.

In order to confirm the principal risk factor of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in diabetes, multivariate analyses were performed. ST depression in electrocardiogram (ST-ECG) and 18 other clinical-laboratory findings (sex, age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, etc.) were measured in 70 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. ST-ECG findings were divided into five ranges as an index of the severity of IHD, based on the assumption that the degree of ST-ECG would provide a reasonable correlation to the grade of IHD. In partial correlation analysis, the degree of ST-ECG was significantly correlated both to the level of triglyceride (r = 0.455, p less than 0.001) and to blood pressure (r = 0.392, p less than 0.01), but not to the other 16 variables. Three selected variables (blood pressure, triglyceride and atherogenic index) were sufficient to provide a satisfactory discrimination between patients with and without IHD. Five selected variables (sex, blood pressure, triglyceride, atherogenic index and weight index) were sufficient for evaluation of regression. These results suggest that the high level of triglyceride and hypertension are essential risk factors of IHD in diabetes. It is noticeable that the high level of triglyceride is one of the independent risk factors of IHD in diabetes; it does not depend on the degree of control of hyperglycemia or on the other variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of gliclazide and glibenclamide treatment in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Gliclazide has been reported to decrease platelet function and to inhibit the progression of diabetic retinopathy in addition to having a hypoglycemic effect. To confirm these effects we performed a double-blind randomized study using glibenclamide as a reference drug. Thirty-eight hospitals from eight university groups in Japan performed the study on type II diabetic subjects. Evaluation of blood glucose control, platelet adhesiveness, platelet aggregation and blood lipids over 24 weeks were assessed by the central committee. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Twelve were excluded and 277 were statistically analysed. Homogeneity between the two diabetic groups was demonstrated for background factors. Forty mg of gliclazide was comparable to 2.5 mg of glibenclamide in the potency of hypoglycemic efficacy. Funduscopic aggravations were observed in a statistically smaller number of cases in the gliclazide group than in the glibenclamide group and in evaluation of serum lipids, the gliclazide group was also superior to the glibenclamide group. No significant difference between the two groups was found in platelet adhesiveness and aggregation. Gliclazide is a useful drug in the therapy of diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The material properties of immature bone.

The age-related material properties of developing immature canine bone were determined for the femora, tibiae, humeri, radii, and ulnae in animals from 1 wk of age to maturity. These properties included bone geometry changes, material tissue properties, and qualitative and quantitative morphological evaluations. All bones exhibited a two-phase growth cycle, an initial rapid phase (20 wk) followed by a substantially slower growth to maturation (48 wk). All properties showed age-related changes except bone tissue strain to failure.

Age Factors↗