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Biomedical subjects

K Takagi

Publications and source records attributed to K Takagi.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A rapidly progressive case of interstitial pneumonia.

We treated a 51-year-old woman who had rapidly progressive respiratory distress with an interstitial shadow on chest roentgenogram. Pathologically, open lung biopsy specimens showed an acutely changed lesion such as interstitial inflammatory thickening, polypoid intraluminal organizing exudates, and also honeycombing which was not recognized on chest computed tomogram. These findings were considered unconformable to acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), and also usual interstitial pneumonia, although the clinical diagnosis was AIP or BOOP. We diagnosed a rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia showing an acute lung injury pattern like AIP and BOOP. She showed significant recovery with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Leg lengthening and glycosaminoglycans in the rabbit knee.

We investigated the effects of tibial lengthening by callotasis on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism of the knee articular cartilage in 30 rabbits. The distraction rate was 1 mm per day. On the right side, the daily distraction was in 2 steps, while on the left it was in 120 steps. The animals were divided into 3 subgroups based on length gain; 10, 20, and 30 percent, respectively. The knee joint fluid and medial tibial cartilage were examined by quantitative analysis of the GAG content and/or synthesis. The immunoreactivity for chondroitin sulfate in the cartilage was also examined by immunohistochemistry. For all length gains, the GAG concentration in the synovial fluid was higher on both sides than in controls, with no difference between sides. The GAG content and synthesis in the cartilage on the 2-step side decreased gradually with increasing length. On the 120-step side, the content did not differ from control values in any length gain, and the level of synthesis at 20 and 30 percent lengthening was higher than the control level. Our findings indicate that the alterations in GAG metabolism are attributable to increased mechanical stress on the articular cartilage, suggesting a moderate increase on the 120-step side compared to an excessive one on the 2-step side.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tibial nerve function during tibial lengthening. Measurement of nerve conduction and blood flow in rabbits.

We evaluated in 20 Japanese white rabbits the effects of tibial lengthening on tibial nerve conduction and intraneural blood flow at the end of lengthening. Both tibiae were distracted 1 mm per day. The distraction frequency was in 2 steps (0.5 mm/12 h) on the right side and in 120 steps (0.0083 mm/12 min) on the left. The rabbits were separated into 4 subgroups based on the percentage of lengthening: 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 percent. In the 2-step group, nerve conduction was delayed at 20 and 30 percent lengthening, compared to the control group, while in the 120-step group, it was delayed only at 30 percent lengthening. Intraneural blood flow in the 2-step group was decreased at 10, 20, and 30 percent lengthenings, while in the 120-step group it was reduced at 30 percent lengthening. Our findings indicate that an increase in the frequency of distraction reduces the impairment of nerve function during bone lengthening.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Knee cartilage injury after tibial lengthening. Radiographic and histological studies in rabbits after 3-6 months.

We investigated the effects of tibial lengthening by callotasis on the knee articular cartilage in 10 rabbits at 3 and 6 months after distraction. The distraction rate was 1 mm per day, until a 30 percent gain in length. On the right tibia, the daily distraction frequency was in 2 steps by hand, while on the left it was in 120 steps by an autodistractor. 5 animals were killed at 3 months and 5 at 6 months following distraction, and their knee joints were radiographically and histologically examined. On the 2-step side, arthrotic changes at 3 and 6 months after distraction were found in 3 of 5 and 4 of 5 knees, respectively. The severity of change increased with time. On the 120-step side, however, no arthrotic changes were found, except in one knee at 6 months. Our findings suggest that by increasing the frequency of distraction for limb lengthening one can prevent the onset of arthrosis in adjacent joints.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

[A case of Lemmel's syndrome caused by a large diverticular enterolith at the peripapillary portion of the duodenum].

A 93-year-old woman admitted because of epigastralgia. Cholelithiasis, obstructive jaundice, acute suppurative cholangitis and acute pancreatitis were diagnosed on blood chemistry and ultrasonography on admission. We performed emergency PTCD. A calculus 4 cm in diameter was detected at the papilla of Vater and marked dilatation of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. ESWL was performed because of her age and because endoscopical operation seemed to be difficult. After lithotripsy, PTC and endoscopy demonstrated a diverticulum at the peripapillary portion of the duodenum. Based on analysis of PTC result before and after ESWL, we diagnosed this case as Lemmel's syndrome (obstructive jaundice, acute suppurative cholangitis and acute pancreatitis) caused by a large diverticular enterolith at the peripapillary portion of the duodenum. ESWL treatment of aged patient with an enterolith is safe.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide induced relaxation of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle by charybdotoxin.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not charybdotoxin (CAS 95751-30-7, ChTX), a selective and potent Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channel blocker, inhibits the relaxation of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptides with 27 residues (PACAP27) and with 38 residues (PACAP38). Two forms of PACAP were discovered in hypothalamic tissues, and are known to increase the tissues cyclic AMP levels and to be independent of beta-adrenoceptors. The relaxant effects of these polypeptides were evaluated by measuring the isometric tension of tracheal smooth muscle of guinea-pig in vitro. Both forms of PACAP showed dose-dependent relaxant effects. The pD2 of PACAP27 was 7.01 +/- 0.04 and that of PACAP38 was 6.43 +/- 0.05. ChTX (10(-12)-3 x 10(-9) mol/l) did not affect the resting tension of the guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. ChTX (10(-8) mol/l) slightly increased the tension, in some experiments being considered as a phasic tension change. ChTX (10(-8) mol/l) caused a small but significant rightward shift in the concentration-response curves of PACAP27 and PACAP38. ChTX decreased the pD2 of PACAP27 to 6.74 +/- 0.03 and that of PACAP38 to 6.25 +/- 0.04. These results suggest that cyclic AMP-mediated activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels may play an important role in the relaxation of the guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by both forms of PACAP as well as beta-agonist.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Laser high performance liquid chromatography determination of prostaglandins in pleural effusions.

We measured prostaglandins (PGs) in human pleural effusions of 43 patients with various diseases using microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography with a He/Cd laser induced fluorescence detection system. PGD2 was not detected in the transdate effusions. In contrast, PGD2 was detected in pleural exudates (malignant effusions: 0.22 +/- 0.07 nmol/ml, tuberculous effusions: 0.28 +/- 0.08 nmol/ml). PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations in malignant effusions (1.62 +/- 0.17 nmol/ml, 14.40 +/- 1.33 nmol/ml, respectively) were significantly increased compared with tuberculous effusions (0.98 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml, 10.36 +/- 0.92 nmol/ml) and transdates (0.60 +/- 0.06 nmol/ml, 6.91 +/- 0.61 nmol/ml). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in PGF2 alpha concentrations between malignant effusions and tuberculous effusions. From these results, not only PGE2 but also PGD2 and PGI2 might be implicated in the pleural fluid accumulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical features of subacute interstitial pneumonia--clinico-pathological study based on open lung biopsy findings].

A clinico-pathological study was done to elucidate characteristic features of subacute interstitial pneumonia. The patients were four men and mine women, with a mean age of 60 years. In ten patients, the disease was idiopathic, three had collagen vascular disease, (and one was undergoing gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis). The time interval between onset of symptoms and open lung biopsy was 80 +/- 40 days. Eleven patients had progressive dyspnea, seven had coughing, and only one complained of fever. Fine crakles were heard in ten patients. Mild increases in CRP were observed in all cases. Mild increases in total serum IgG concentration were observed in five of eight cases. Multiple patchy infiltration or diffuse interstitial shadows, located predominantly in the lower fields of both lungs were the characteristic chest roentgenographic findings. The average %VC was 62.7 +/- 17% and the average PaO2 was 68.3 +/- 10 Torr. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done in nine patients, and the mean total cell count was 16.5 +/- 10.2 x 10(4)/ml. A moderate increase in lymphocytes (30.8 +/- 18.6%) with a low CD4/8 ratio (0.48 +/- 0.57), a mild increase in neutrophils (6.2 +/- 9.1%), and a mild increase in eosinophils (2.3 +/- 3.7%) were observed. Pathologically, interstitial cellulo-fibrous changes associated with alveolar space closure due to organization of exudate were the main features. Patients were given steroid pulse therapy or oral steroids. The results were mild to marked improvements in chest roentgenographic findings and lung function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of dosing schedule on efficacy of corticosteroid inhalation in chronic asthma].

A randomized study was conducted for 4 weeks to evaluate the effect of twice daily inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) inhalation (group A) as compared to four times a day inhalation (group B) in chronic asthma. Patients were randomly allocated to receive BDP at a dosage of eight puffs twice daily (800 micrograms/day, group A) or four puffs four times daily (800 micrograms/day, group B). Forty four patients entered the study but eleven were excluded because of their insufficient records or unfitness to eligibility criteria. There was no significant difference in patients' characteristics such as types, and severity of diseases between the two groups. Daily keeping of symptom scores, twice daily measurement of morning and night peak expiratory flow (PEF) and checking of the drug consumption were performed throughout the study. There was no significant difference in the mean %PEF either at 2 and 4 weeks at the study between the two groups. Symptom scores, asthmatic scores, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1%) and serum cortisol levels also showed no significant difference between the two groups. These results indicate that twice daily inhalation of BDP (800 micrograms/day) for four weeks caused the same effects on the patients with chronic bronchial asthma as 4 times daily inhalation did. Therefore, twice daily inhalation therapy with BDP is recommended for chronic bronchial asthma patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

The conservative treatment of complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature patients.

We describe the results of conservative treatment for complete midsubstance tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in 18 skeletally immature patients, followed for a minimum of 36 months. Six patients had an ACL reconstruction during the follow-up period and were assessed immediately before their operation. The average time from initial injury to evaluation was 51 months. All patients had symptoms when reviewed. The modified Lysholm knee score showed one excellent result, one good, eight fair, and eight poor with a mean score of 64.3. Only one patient had returned to her preinjury level of athletics. Secondary meniscal tears were confirmed in six patients, and three more had the clinical signs of a tear at follow-up. Radiological evidence of degenerative changes was found in 11 of the 18 patients. We conclude that the results of non-operative treatment for ACL injuries in this age group are poor and not acceptable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effect of mechanical stress on hypertrophy of the lumbar ligamentum flavum.

To clarify the effect of mechanical stress on hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF), we compared the thicknesses, histological findings, and total collagen content of 161 lumbar LF in two groups defined by radiographic signs. LF with one or more signs of spondylolisthesis, disk degeneration, vacuum phenomenon, traction spur, or facet joint osteoarthrosis were considered degenerative; all others were considered nondegenerative. Thickness was measured by computed tomographic scan, and total collagen content by Woessner's method. We found that the ligament was thicker in the degenerative group (4.0 +/- 1.1 mm vs. 3.0 +/- 0.7 mm, p < 0.01), the degeneration of fibers more severe, and the total collagen content higher (51.9 +/- 14.5% vs. 40.3 +/- 3.9%, p < 0.05). Thus, mechanical stress is considered a cause of ligament hypertrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Neurological involvements with transient gait disturbance in subacute phase of Kawasaki disease; a case report].

A 1-year-and-9-months old boy with gait disturbance during the 3rd week of Kawasaki disease (KD) was described. He had been previously healthy, and developed high fever and rash. The diagnosis of KD was based on 5 of 6 major criteria on the 3rd clinical day. He was initially treated with intravenous gamma-globulin 400 mg/kg/day for five days. On the 17th clinical day, the patient developed gait disturbance after most clinical signs disappeared. His gait was wide- based and unstable. Generalized hypotonia with poor traction response was also seen. Pyramidal tract signs including exaggerated patellar and Achilles tendon reflexes and positive bilateral Mendel-Bechterew reflex were presented. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Brain CT, MRI, and 123I-IMP SPECT images were normal without broad hemorrhage or infarction of the cerebral parenchyma. Gait disturbance recovered spontaneously within one month without any sequelae.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I in burned rats].

Effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on protein metabolism was investigated in burned rats receiving TPN. Twenty-six male SD rats were divided into two groups. IGF-I was administered to group IGF (IGF-I group, n = 14), but not to group C (Control group, n = 12). Loss of body weight after burn in group IGF was significantly lower than group C (p < 0.01). Cumulative nitrogen balance for 2 postburn days in group IGF was significantly higher than group C (p < 0.01). Rate of whole body protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown increased significantly in group IGF compared with group C. On the other hand, blood glucose was decreased significantly in group IGF (p < 0.05). Water balance made no significant difference between two groups. In group IGF, weight of the spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon increased significantly. Fractional synthesis rate and protein content of mucosa of the small intestine were significantly higher in group IGF than group C. From the histological point of view, mucosal layer was thickened and hyperplastic. Catabolism and surgical diabetes are caused in the surgical stress, and the administration of IGF-I are thought to be effective for improvement of those conditions. And IGF-I has the most remarkable effect on the small intestine of all organs studied in our experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Complete resection of superior mediastinal seminoma, following reconstruction of superior vena cava--a case report].

The patient was a 37-year-old man with superior mediastinal seminoma, which invaded the bilateral brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, pericardium and left lung. These invaded organs were resected with the tumor and a vascular reconstruction was performed with EPTFE graft and pericardial patch. EPTFE graft was interposed between the left brachiocephalic vein and right atrium. Superior vena cava was reconstructed by means of pericardial patch. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as pure seminoma. He received the prophylactic irradiation (45 Gy). Although venography two years after operation demonstrated the obstruction of the EPTFE graft and marked stenosis of the pericardial patch, the patient remains free from the symptom and is doing well without recurrence 45 months after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Antitumor effects of liposomes containing adriamycin on chemically-induced rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma. No effective chemotherapeutic agents, however, have been reported. Here we report our evaluation of the antitumor effects of liposomes containing adriamycin (LADM) against chemically-induced rat MFH. Either free adriamycin (ADM) or LADM was administered at dosages of 4.0, 8.0 or 12.0 mg/kg by intravenous injection. The tumor responded to LADM with prolonged growth delay, but equivalent doses of free ADM were less effective. Additionally, LADM prolonged the life span of rats longer than did free ADM. Also, the body weight loss was less with LADM than with equivalent doses of free ADM. In tissue distribution studies, we observed that the ADM level in the blood and in the tumor with LADM remained higher than with free ADM. These results indicate that liposomes alter in vivo ADM tissue distribution and increase antitumor activity against rat MFH with reduced toxic side effects.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1995

[Home days ratio in patients treated with long-term oxygen therapy].

The home days ratio (days at home/observation period) is an important index for evaluating the efficacy of therapy for chronic disease. To compute the home days ratio in patients treated with long-term oxygen therapy, we retrospectively studied the records of 72 consecutive patients with chronic respiratory failure who received long-term oxygen therapy from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ogaki Municipal Hospital. These patients were representative of those treated with long-term oxygen therapy in terms of age, cause of hypoxemia, blood gas values, and pulmonary function. The home days ratio gradually decreased; it was 92.7 +/- 15.2% during the first year, 87.5 +/- 24.0% during the second year, and 78.5 +/- 39.7% during the third year. The home days ratios in survivors (n = 39) were greater than in non-survivors (n = 33). For the first year: 96.7 +/- 7.5% vs. 85.8 +/- 21.9%, p = 0.034; for the second year: 99.0 +/- 2.6% vs. 71.4 +/- 31.0%, p = 0.004; for the third year: 96.0 +/- 9.0% vs. 48.4 +/- 53.1%, p = 0.081, for survivors and non-survivors, respectively. These data suggest that non-survivors can be distinguished from survivors soon after the start of oxygen therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Involvement of G proteins between receptors and KCa channels in the regulation of airway tone by the autonomic nervous system].

The mechanical tone of the airways is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, partly via the activity of ion channels. Ca(2+)-activated K+ (KCa) channels are densely distributed on tracheal smooth muscle cells. We found that beta-adrenergic agonists can augment KCa channel activity via the alpha subunit of the stimulatory GTP-binding (G) protein of adenylyl cyclase, Gs, linked with beta-receptors, and that muscarinic agonists can suppress the activity of this channel via the inhibitory G protein of adenylyl cyclase (pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein), Gi, linked with muscarinic receptors. These results show that there is a dual regulation system of KCa channels, which involves stimulation of the two receptors. Records of isometric tension from guinea pig tracheas incubated with pertussis toxin and cholera toxin show that regulation of KCa channels mediated by Gi and Gs may be important in the mechanical antagonism by the two receptor agonists, and they show that G proteins coupling between receptors and KCa channels may be important in beta-adrenergic bronchodilation in the treatment of asthma. In a previous study in eight atopic asthmatic patients, pretreatment with a beta-agonist abolished allergen-induced bronchoconstriction with no increment in mean plasma histamine, results that are similar to those obtained with cromyolyn sodium, a membrane stabilizer. The membrane-delimited reaction may be a key process in the autonomic regulation of airway tone. In immediate asthmatic reactions (IAR), histamine release from mast cells, contraction of airway smooth muscle, and transmitter release from post-ganglionic neurons within parasympathetic ganglia are believed to be caused by membrane hypopolarization. Because activation of KCa channels leads to hyperpolarization, beta-agonists that cause membrane hyperpolarization (short acting beta-agonists) may antagonize IAR at the level of the cell membrane. In late asthmatic reactions (LAR), short-acting beta-agonists do not have marked effects. However, recent reports have indicated that long-acting beta-agonists that do not cause hyperpolarization can inhibit LAR. Cromakalim, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel activator, reduces the "morning dip" when it is given orally to patients with nocturnal asthma. These findings show that activation of K+ channels may be useful in therapy of bronchial asthma.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗