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Biomedical subjects

K Takada

Publications and source records attributed to K Takada.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of cyclosporine A in 10 Japanese renal transplant patients.

A pharmacokinetic study of cyclosporine A (CyA) was performed in ten Japanese renal transplant patients. The peak blood CyA concentration appeared at about 2.5 h after oral administration of CyA 180-360 mg, and the mean peak CyA concentration was 582 +/- 238 (SD) ng/ml. The apparent clearance was 39.9 +/- 16.9 (SD) ml/min/kg which is almost the same as reported in European transplant patients. The apparent distribution volume was 5.34 +/- 3.05 (SD) l/kg. The wide variations observed both in the apparent clearance and in the apparent distribution volume are ascribed to the wide variation of the area under the curve (AUC). No correlation was found between the oral dose per body weight and peak blood CyA level or AUC in the 10 subjects. However, a linearity was ascertained between blood CyA concentrations and oral CyA doses (250 mg and 500 mg), though in one patient. Especially, in one patient, blood CyA level was under the lower detection limit of our assay method, 50 ng/ml, over 20 h after oral administration of CyA. This study strongly supports the need of the blood monitoring in the CyA therapy after renal transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An adult case of adrenoleukodystrophy with features of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy: I. Clinical and pathological studies.

A male patient was suspected as olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy from the clinical and computed tomographic features at 34 years of age. Afterwards, his dysarthria and limb ataxia were slowly and steadily worsened. He was finally bed-ridden and unresponsive, and died of hyperpyrexia and general wasting at 37 years of age. It was noted that laboratory investigation gave lower values of urinary 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in comparison with those of normal subjects. Pathological investigation in autopsy showed that he had pathological features consistent with adrenoleukodystrophy accompanying the olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy; diffuse demyelination in the cerebrocerebellear white matter, distorted architecture and cytoplasmic striations in the adrenal cortex, and in addition, a pseudosystemic degeneration of the olivo-ponto-cerebellar system and subcortical gray matter.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1987

An adult case of adrenoleukodystrophy with features of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy: II. Lipid biochemical studies.

Different portions with or without demyelination or degeneration of formalin-fixed brain tissues of a patient with adrenoleukodystrophy and a control subject were applied to analyses of lipids, particularly sphingolipids and cholesteryl ester. Demyelinated area of the white matter in the occipital lobe showed marked decrease in cerebroside and sulfatide except for sphingomyelin and, conversely an accumulation of cholesteryl ester, whereas un-demyelinated white matter in the frontal lobe showed no abnormalities in lipids. Abnormalities of lipids in degenerated lateral nuclei of the thalamus were not so remarkable as the demyelinated white matter, whereas apparently normal dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus showed no abnormalities in lipids. With regard to the fatty acid composition of abnormal lipids in the demyelinated white matter, all sphingolipids of cerebroside, sulfatide, and sphingomyelin showed remarkable reduction of their longer chain fatty acids and, conversely a significant increment of shorter chain fatty acids. However, these fatty acids in the degenerated lateral nuclei of the thalamus were not so different from those in the undemyelinated and apparently normal areas as well as in control brain. The fatty acids of cholesteryl ester contained mainly C18:1 and C16 acids, and very long chain fatty acids, namely fatty acids with chain length more than 22 carbons, by about 22% of the total fatty acids. In view of the analytical results of the fatty acid composition of brain lipids, it was inconceivable that this ALD patient brain showed especially the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids, and that the biochemical defect in this disease was related to the abnormal oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in peroxisomes. However, the neuropathological findings of demyelination, reactive astrocytosis, and massive infiltration of foam cells well correlated with the abnormalities in myelin lipids and the accumulation of cholesteryl ester. Also, the lower values of urinary 17-ketosteroid and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid suggested that the failure of ACTH to stimulate corticoid secretion seemed to indicate the relationship between the adrenocortical insufficiency and the affected areas of the central nervous system.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗