Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to K Tajima.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Antibody to HTLV-I in indigenous inhabitants of the Andes and Amazon regions in Colombia.

To explore the HTLV-I-carrying groups among the indigenous inhabitants in South America, a sero-epidemiological study on HTLV-I focusing on hinterland villages isolated from others in the Andes and Amazon regions was conducted. Five (2.9%) out of 171 subjects showed positive for HTLV-I antibody in the gelatin particle agglutination (PA) test. Two out of 5 positives with high antibody titer (greater than or equal to x 1024) in the PA test also showed a positive immunofluorescence (IF) test and anti-HTLV-I-specific protein products, p19, p24, p28, gp46, and p53 in sera by the Western blotting (WB) test. One of three negatives in the IF test showed positive antibodies to p19 and p24 by the WB test. Finally, two were confirmed as HTLV-I carriers and one was suspected of being a carrier. All three are Paez Indians from the central Andes; 53- and 34-year-old women and a 35-year-old man. The results show that HTLV-I carriers exist among isolated indigenous people in South America.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in clinico-pathological features of Hodgkin's disease and follicular lymphoma in Nagoya, Japan, over a 21-year period (1965-85).

To study changes in the clinico-pathological features of malignant lymphomas in Japan, the histopathological and clinical features of 71 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 49 cases of nodal follicular lymphoma occurring in Nagoya were compared in three different periods (1965-71, 1972-78 and 1979-85). The proportional frequency of Hodgkin's disease among total lymphomas (10%) and that of follicular lymphoma among non-Hodgkin's nodal lymphomas (18%) did not vary over the study period. As to the histological patterns of Hodgkin's disease, the relative frequency of the nodular sclerosis (NS) type, which is relatively common in young women, increased, but that of other types decreased in the more recent periods. For follicular lymphoma, the relative frequency of the completely follicular type, which is more common in the United States than in Japan, increased. The five-year survival rate in patients with follicular lymphoma improved more recently even after adjusting for the effects of other prognostic factors. This recent increase in survival rates may be due partly to the recent improvement in cancer treatment, but is also related to the recent increase in patients with better prognostic features, i.e. the NS type of Hodgkin's disease. These variations over time suggest that the patterns of malignant lymphomas in Japan might be gradually changing, probably because of westernization, as seen in cancers of other organs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Interferon-gamma reduces actin filaments and inhibits thyroid-stimulating hormone-induced formation of microvilli and pseudopods in mouse monolayer thyrocytes.

To study the role of interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), which is released from activated lymphocytes in the development of lymphocytic thyroiditis, we investigated the effects of IFN gamma on the morphology of mouse thyrocytes, using scanning electron microscopy. Thyrocytes were cultured in monolayers for 5-7 days and incubated with TSH (10 mU/ml) for 1 h before fixation. IFN gamma (200 U/ml) was added to the culture medium for 1 h to 5 days before TSH stimulation. Coculture of thyrocytes with IFN gamma for more than 24 h inhibited TSH-induced morphological changes in the thyrocytes; IFN gamma inhibited the increase in the number of and elongation of microvilli and the appearance of pseudopods. IFN gamma also reduced the number of actin filaments in thyrocytes, as confirmed by immunofluorescence photometry. These results suggest that IFN gamma inhibits the morphological response of thyrocytes to TSH stimulation by the reduction of actin filaments.

Actins↗
PubMed1990

[Anticholinergic action of Paeony root and its active constituents].

Anticholinergic action of Paeony root was examined in in vivo experiments with rat in order to substantiate the presence of analgesic, antispasmic and antidiarrheal properties. The 50% methanol extract of Paeony root was found to be effective. Fractionation of 50% methanol extract through column chromatography revealed that paeoniflorin was one of the active constituents in anticholinergic action in vivo, but in vitro, paeoniflorin had no effect on contractile responses of isolated rat proximal colon to the carbachol and KCl.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Renal function study assessed by 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy before and after PNL].

99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy was carried out in 54 patients with unilateral renal stones before and after PNL. Four to 8 weeks after PNL the DMSA renal uptake significantly decreased to 17.2 +/- 6.0% from 18.2 +/- 6.7% before PNL. DMSA renal uptake did not change in the contralateral side. Since in some patients changes in the DMSA renal uptake of 5-7% were observed after PNL not only in the PNL side but also in the contralateral side, the renal function was assessed by the formula: DMSA renal uptake in the PNL side/DMSA renal uptake in the contralateral side, and the change of this ratio was evaluated in 44 patients, in whom the renal DMSA uptake in the PNL side was less than two times that in the contralateral side. The DMSA renal uptake ratio decreased to 95.6 +/- 8.7% from the base line 4-8 weeks after PNL. This change was statistically significant. Some functional risks such as massive bleeding with PNL, the fever after PNL and the number of nephrostomy tract did not affect the decrease in the renal function. In 29 patients in whom renal function was reevaluated one year after PNL, the DMSA renal uptake ratio significantly decreased to 94.2 +/- 9.6% from the base line 4-8 weeks after PNL. But the ratio significantly improved to 99.6 +/- 11.6% about one year after PNL. In two patients with a cold area on the renal image, the renal function of the operated side still remained at about 80% levels from the base line even one year after PNL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of extragonadal germ cell tumor with retroperitoneal origin].

A case of extragonadal germ cell tumor is reported. A 41-year-old man, an elementary school teacher, was referred to our department with left abdominal pain and gynecomastia on September, 1985. Laboratory examinations revealed markedly high levels of LDH, AFP and HCG-beta. IVP and abdominal CT disclosed dislocation of the left kidney and the large left retroperitoneal mass. The mass was supplied by the left lumbal arteries on the aortogram. Chest X-ray film showed multiple coin lesions in the bilateral lung fields. By percutaneous needle biopsy, the histological finding of the tumor showed choriocarcinoma. No abnormal findings were found in either testicle by the physical and ultrasonic examinations. This case was diagnosed as extragonadal choriocarcinoma with lung metastasis. After 3 courses of chemotherapy (PVB regimen), resection of the retroperitoneal residual mass and lymphadenectomy were performed. Postoperatively, the chemotherapy, CISCA II - VB IV regimen, was repeated. The patient was discharged after 7 months hospitalization. Now, 35 months after operation, tumor markers, chest X-ray and abdominal CT showed no evidence of recurrence of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces changes in the heme spin state of microsomal cytochrome P-450.

In vitro studies on the nature of interaction of the neurotoxin MPTP with hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 were carried out. Spectral perturbation studies showed nitrogenous ligand type binding between MPTP and cytochrome P-450 with a peak at 423 nm and a broad trough at 400 nm. Scatchard analysis of MPTP-cytochrome P-450 binding suggested that MPTP binds to at least 2 species of cytochrome P-450--a high affinity binding species with an apparent spectral dissociation constant (Ks) of 372 microM and a low affinity species with Ks of 37.6 mM. EPR studies confirmed that MPTP is a type II substrate for the forms of cytochrome P-450 with which it interacts and causes a shift from the high spin state of cytochrome P-450 to the low spin state. MPTP is, thus, likely to be an effective inhibitor of cytochrome P-450.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Efficacy of combination of Ea-0643 (bunazosin hydrochloride) and bethanechol chloride in patients with neurogenic bladder].

Bethanechol chloride, a cholinergic agent and bunazosin hydrochloride, an alpha adrenergic blocking agent were administered orally to 28 patients with neurogenic bladder due to peripheral nerve disorders. To compare the effect of the two drugs, one of the drugs was initially administered orally for 2 weeks, and then both of them were administered for the next 2 weeks. Since there were some significant differences in the patient background between the two groups, it was difficult to compare the two drugs. However combined use of these drugs resulted in both objective and subjective good responses in those patients.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

[Possible mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of polyamines].

Carrageenin paw edema of rats was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by subcutaneous administration of polyamines. The latter had to be administered at least 2 hr before carrageenin challenge to achieve such inhibition. Moreover, inhibition was blocked by the simultaneous injection of actinomycin D. Polyamines also inhibited local bluing reactions to histamine in rats and similarly had to be administered 3 hr previously to achieve inhibition. Polyamines were shown to be glucocorticoid-type anti-inflammatory drugs, and may be glucocorticoids mediators of the synthesis of the postulated vascular permeability inhibitory protein that do not inhibit phospholipase A2 activity. Neutrophil chemotaxis was inhibited by polyamines in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast to the experience with carrageenin paw edema, simultaneous addition to actinomycin D did not block the inhibitory action of polyamines on neutrophil chemotaxis. These results suggest that polyamines possess at least 2 different anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The first is mediated by the synthesis of an anti-inflammatory protein, and the second consist of direct action on leukocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[T cell blastogenesis in stored blood can induce GVHD in open heart surgery].

We studied T cell blastogenesis in stored blood during the preservation time within 7 days. Blood samples were obtained from 8 adults and stored at 4 degrees C immediately after donation with CPD (citrate-phosphate-dextrose) for 3,5 and 7 days. After each intervals, mitogenic responses of T cells from the samples in the presence of an optimal dose of PHA as a mitogen and MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction) with lymphocytes prepared by 2000 rad radiation from other 10 donors as stimulating cells were investigated. The stimulation index (S.I.) of PHA as a responsibility of the stored blood was decreasing to 86.7 +/- 24.8%, 44.2 +/- 12.5% and 31.2 +/- 11.1% in proportion of that of fresh blood after 3, 5 and 7 days preservation. The S.I. of MLR were in the same way decreasing to 92.5 +/- 21.8%, 45.9 +/- 9.8% and 33.3 +/- 10.1% after that. These observations suggest that lymphocytes in stored blood within 7 days are able to induce GVHD (graft-versus-host disease) in open heart surgery of which immunological activity is thought to be decreased by extra-corporeal circulation. We concluded that the stored blood within 7 days should be irradiated to 1500 rad or more in order to prevent GVHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of renal cell carcinoma and bladder carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease].

A case of renal cell carcinoma and bladder carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease is reported. A 31-year-old female was referred to the Department of Urology for further examination of right renal mass which was incidentally found on abdominal computed tomography (CT). The patient was operated on spinal hemangioma in May 19 and July 8, 1975, on cerebellar hemangioblastoma in July, 1976 and June 10, 1981 and on cerebellar cyst in June 20, 1988. Angiography revealed three hypervascular renal tumors in the right kidney. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary bladder tumor (TCC Grade 1). Transurethral resection of bladder carcinoma was performed on July 28, 1988. Right radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed on August 2, 1988. Histopathologically, the tumor was renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type (Grade 1). Postoperative course was uneventful and the residual kidney is being followed up in the outpatient clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of double cancer: renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder].

This is a case report on a patient with double cancer of kidney and urinary bladder. The patient was a 65-year-old female, and she was admitted with the chief complaint of gross hematuria and right flank pain. After careful examinations, she was diagnosed with right nonfunctioning kidney caused by invasive bladder cancer. Computerized tomography incidentally revealed a mass in the upper pole of the left kidney. Selective left renal arteriography showed stretched arteries and irregularity and tortuosity of the smaller vessels. She was diagnosed with double cancer of bladder and left kidney. Owing to the damage of the right renal function, left partial nephrectomy, total cystectomy, right nephroureterectomy and left ureterocutaneostomy were performed. According to DMSA scintigraphy measured 15 days later, the uptake value of the left kidney was 13.25%, compared to the preoperative value of 25.62%. To date, this case is 36th reported case in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Hospital epidemiology--a comparative case control study of breast and cervical cancers].

To promote the comprehensive measure of cancer prevention for future, a hospital-based epidemiological study on a large scale has started at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. As the first step of this study by using a common questionnaire, a simultaneous case-control study on the two cancers involving 175 cases with breast cancer, 56 cases with cervical cancer and 231 controls was conducted in 1988. Body weight was positively related to breast cancer only in older (50-69) patients. Young age at first birth (less than or equal to 23) increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 4.1). Active and passive smoking increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 2.6, 2.3) but only passive smoking increased the risk of older breast cancer (OR = 2.0). Frequent intakes of green vegetables and carrot decreased the risk of younger (30-49) breast cancer (OR = 0.5, 0.5) and cervical cancer (OR = 0.3, 0.5). Some other factors with positive and negative effects on these two cancers were identified in this case-control analysis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[A case-control study of psychosocial stress and cancer].

As psychosocial stress has been suspected as a risk factor for cancer, a case-control study was conducted. A total 106 cases with cancer of the various sites and 106 age-sex matched hospital control with non-cancerous disease or without disease were compared on their responses to the questionnaire which included the items on life event, stress coping behavior, emotional support, and neuroticism. No significant odds ratio was observed for each dimension of the stress and the comprehensive stress index, even after adjusting for smoking and other life style factors. Some methodological problems were discussed.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical therapy of congenital aortic valvular stenosis in neonates and infants].

The preoperative evaluation, surgical course, and early follow-up results of 5 infants less than 4 months of age who underwent aortic valvotomy for severe valvular stenosis between 1983 and 1985 were reviewed to determine the early prognosis of these neonates. Two of the 5 patients had been used respiratory support due to severe congestive heart failure and dyspnea. Emergency aortic valvotomy was performed in all during cardio-pulmonary bypass which achieve maximal relief of the stenosis without significant causing aortic insufficiency. There was a single operative death and there was one late death at 2 months after surgery who was regarded to have a extensive endocardial fibroelastosis. The other three patients have had a favorable early prognosis during mean follow-up period of 1.78 (0.4-3.8) years. They had been followed by means of two-dimensional and doppler echocardiography, which inferred that the aortic pressure gradient had been kept under 41 mmHg and which indicated that there were no LV enlargement to prove significant aortic valve insufficiency. These results indicate that early infants with severe valvular stenosis can undergo sufficient valvotomy safely and have a favorable early prognosis.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1990

[Middle term follow-up and comparative study of valve replacement with four kinds of new model bovine pericardial xenografts].

Our early clinical experience (up to 4 year's follow-up) with four new pericardial xenografts were reviewed. During the period July 1983 to December 1986, 148 Ionescu-Shiley Pericardial Xenografts (ISL) in 130 patients, 68 Carpentier-Edwards pericardial xenografts (CEP) in 65, 32 Mitroflow pericardial xenografts (MF) in 29 and 36 Hancock pericardial xenografts (HP) in 29 have been implanted. The actuarial survival rates at 3.3 years are 89.9 +/- 2.7% for ISL, 92.3 +/- 3.3% for CEP, 93.1 +/- 4.7% for MF and 93.1 +/- 4.7% for HP. Fifteen cases of primary tissue failure (PTF) were caused in all groups but CEP. The actuarial free rates from PTF at 3.3 years were 92.9 +/- 2.4% for ISL, 100% for CEP, 95.5 +/- 4.4% for MF, 82.6 +/- 7.9% for HP. All bioprostheses explanted because of PTF showed commissural tears occurred at the top of the stent posts or at the edge of the stent. In this respect, it is the reason why the cases with CEP were free from PTF that CEP has been achieved to be improved its frame design. The incidences of prosthetic valve endocarditis were not different among these kinds of bioprosthetic valves. The free rates from thromboembolism at 3.3 years were 97.5 +/- 1.5% for ISL, 98.3 +/- 1.7% for CEP, 96.0 +/- 3.9% for MF and 88.7 +/- 6.1% for HP. There was no patient with CEP and MF suffered from thromboembolism with sinus rhythm. In comparison of these 4 valves, we conclude that CEP is useful clinically because of its satisfactory durability and antithrombogenicity.

Adult↗