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Biomedical subjects

K Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to K Tajima.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Impact of family history on the risk of breast cancer among the Japanese.

To assess the impact of family history on the risk of developing breast cancer, a case-referent study was conducted using data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), Japan. In total, 1,551 breast cancer cases were included and 28,450 women, confirmed as free of cancer, were recruited as the reference group. The odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by using an unconditional logistic regression model. Stratification by age at diagnosis was done to evaluate the impact of family history on early (< 40 years of age) vs. later (> or = 40 years of age) onset. New findings obtained from the present study were as follows. 1) For women having a family member with ovarian cancer, the OR for breast center diagnosed under age 40 was 5.04 (95% CI: 1.48-17.1). 2) The effect of family history on the risk of breast cancer was greater when a sister(s) was (were) positive (OR = 3.51) than when the mother was positive (OR = 1.47). 3) The estimated proportional ratio (PR) for breast cancer was 2.63 (95% CI: 2.05-3.38) among sisters excluding probands, while PR for cancers other than breast cancer was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.94-1.27). This result suggested that a family history of breast cancer, especially among sisters, elevated the risk of developing breast cancer. Furthermore, when women had a sister(s) with breast cancer diagnosed prior to 40 years of age, their family history of breast cancer affected their risk of cancer of the breast and other organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiologic survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in Asia and Australia using the international prostate symptom score.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms was determined by survey as an initial step in estimating the significance of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Asia and Australia. METHODS: The symptom index (0 to 35) and quality-of-life (QOL) index (0 to 6) of the international prostate symptom score were measured in 7588 men in 9 Asian countries and 146 men in Australia. RESULTS: The percentages of Asian men considered to be symptomatic (symptom index > or = 8) were 18%, 29%, 40%, and 56% in the age groups of 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 79 years, respectively. For Australian men, these figures were 36%, 33%, and 37% in the 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 79 year age groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our estimates indicate that the prevalences of symptomatic men in Asia and Australia are similar to or greater than those in Europe and America, and suggest BPH is similarly common in these areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Malignant melanoma of the kidney presenting as a primary tumor.

We report a case of malignant melanoma of the kidney presenting as a primary tumor. This tumor was found incidentally in a 74-year-old woman. The patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy, and has been living tumor free for 2 years and 3 months. This is the first reported case of primary renal malignant melanoma. We discuss the probability that this tumor is renal in origin and directly linked to the origin of malignant melanoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Electronic and structural requirements for metabolic activation of butylated hydroxytoluene analogs to their quinone methides, intermediates responsible for lung toxicity in mice.

Previous studies have shown that butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) undergoes oxidation by cytochrome P450 to form BHT-quinone methide. BHT-quinone methide is probably responsible for BHT-induced lung damage in mice. In this study, we calculated the MO parameters for BHT analogs and the corresponding quinone methide intermediates. Except for the analogs with structures that form a highly sterically hindered quinone methide, correlations could be established between the lung toxicity in mice and electronic charges on the hydroxyl oxygen and 4-carbon atoms of BHT analogs. The same toxicity could also be correlated to the difference between the heat of formation of the quinone methide intermediates and the parent BHT analogs, and to the electronic charge on the carbonyl oxygen atom of the quinone methides. These results suggest that the metabolic activation of BHT analogs to their quinone methide intermediates is energetically dependent on the oxidation of the aromatic pi-electron system, and that the toxic potency of BHT analogs is controlled by protonation of the oxygen atom of the quinone methides. These electronic features provide further evidence of the importance of the quinone methide intermediates in the mechanism of lung toxicity induced by BHT analogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Patients' views on reference to clinical data.

In order to survey patients' views on reference to clinical data for research purposes, an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to Aichi Cancer Center Hospital patients in 1995. All eligible first-visit outpatients (97 persons), randomly selected revisit outpatients (99 persons), and all eligible inpatients in a good condition at discharge except six cases (97 persons), responded to the questionnaire. Out of 293 patients (115 males, 174 females and 4 unspecified), 85.3% (standard error 2.1%) considered that hospitals should make active efforts to improve their health care and treatment skills. And 88.1% (standard error 1.9%) answered that reference to their own clinical data to improve health care and treatment skills was "preferable" or "don't mind".

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Impaired healing of gastric lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effect of basic fibroblast growth factor.

We examined the influence of diabetes on the healing of HCI-induced gastric lesions and the healing promoting effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on these lesions under diabetic conditions induced in rats by streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.p.). The experiments were performed using 2-wk streptozocin-diabetic rats with blood glucose levels of >300 mg/dl. After 18 hr fasting, these animals were given 1 ml of 0.6 N HCl by gavage, and 1 hr later they were fed normally before being killed on various days after HCI treatment. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (acid resistant recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor mutein CS-23: 10 to 1000 ng/kg x 2, p.o.) or insulin (4 U/rat x 1, s.c.) was given 5 days after HCl treatment. Gastric lesions induced by HCI healed to quiescent state within 5 days both macro- and microscopically. Diabetic conditions did not affect the development of HCI-induced gastric lesions but significantly delayed the healing of these lesions. Daily administration of insulin returned high blood glucose levels to within normal ranges (120-140 mg/dl) and significantly antagonized the delayed healing of these lesions. The delayed healing in diabetic rats was also significantly promoted by recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (>300 ng/kg x 2) without any effect on blood glucose level. In normal rats, the mucosal levels of bFGF increased significantly in response to gastric injury at 3 days after HCI treatment. The mucosal bFGF levels in streptozotocin-diabetic rats were significantly lower under basal conditions before HCI treatment and did not increase after injury, yet such dysregulation of bFGF production was partially restored by insulin treatment. rhbFGF even at 1000 ng/kg had no effect on gastric acid secretion in either normal or streptozotocin-diabetic rats. These results suggest that diabetic conditions have deleterious influences on the healing of acute gastric lesions in both an insulin- and bFGF-sensitive manner, and that the administration of exogenous bFGF antagonizes the delayed healing of gastric lesions observed in diabetic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Risk factors for gallbladder cancer in Chilean females].

A case-control study of gallbladder cancer was conducted with 90 Chilean cases registered at one hospital in Santiago city, Chile from January, 1992 to August, 1994. Controls were selected among outpatients of the hospital who received abdominal echography. Each case was assigned 2 age- and sex-matched controls; either with or without gallstone(s). Study subjects were all directly interviewed by well-trained medical students. The present study focused on 74 female pairs and the following findings were obtained: 1) Odds Ratio(OR)s were significantly high for education years less than or equal to 6, body mass index greater than or equal to 24.0, constipation, and consumption of egg, fried meals, green and red chili. Chili pepper consumption of both types in cases showed significantly elevated risks with higher frequency. 2) While high ORs were observed, biliary symptoms such as dyspepsia and past history of cholelithiasis were strongly involved with present gallstone(s) and may not be independent factors for gallbladder cancer. 3) Significantly low ORs were seen for past history of intestinal parasitosis and surgical operation, hormone therapy, all industrial workers and workers in clothes & textile industry. However results may be influenced by more years of education or recall bias. 4) When a conditional logistic model was applied and controls with gallstone(s) were taken as reference, those with the habit of constipation showed a significantly high risk of 2.10 (95% CI: 1.01-4.38), and the consumers of red chili with a frequency > or = 1 time/day had elevated risks of 2.16 (1.27-3.66) vs those < 1 time/day and 4.66 (1.63-13.40) vs non-consumers, respectively. From the above results, the occurrence of gallbladder cancer in Chilean females may be related to constipation and chili pepper consumption, based on the presence of gallstone(s). Further investigations are needed to elucidate whether these are actual risk factors or whether only a false association was detected.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

[A case report on mitral valve replacement associated with antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus].

Mitral valve replacement (MVR) was performed on a 36-year-old woman for mitral valve regurgitation. The patient suffered from antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The patient required 4 times plasma exchanges to prevent embolization to the cerebral arteries. A decrease in the anticardiolipin beta 2-glycoprotein I complex level was achieved and MVR was performed with a relatively good postoperative course. Anticoagulation therapy had been continued, but one year postoperatively the patient fell down a staircase and suffered acute epidural hematoma. Emergency operation was performed. The patient, however, died due to cerebral hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Short-term breast-feeding may reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HTLV-I. The Tsushima ATL Study Group.

To establish a desirable preventive measure against mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I through breast milk, we conducted a prospective study to investigate the seroconversion rate among children born to HTLV-I carrier mothers on two highly HTLV-I-endemic islands where 8% of pregnant women carry HTLV-I. Between 1985 to 1991, 428 pregnant women were found to be positive against anti-HTLV-I antibody and were advised not to breast-feed their newborn babies. Among them, 212 women (50%) accepted this advice and the other mothers proceeded to breast-feed. Results were obtained from 277 children born to HTLV-I carrier mothers and were followed up until more than 30 months of age. When the seroconversion rate was analyzed by feeding manner, short-term breast-feeders (< or = 6 months) showed a statistically significant lower seroconversion rate than long-term breast-feeders (2/51; 3.9% vs. 13/64; 20.3%, p < 0.05). On the other hand, four out of 162 bottle-fed children (2.5%) became positive. It is hypothesized that maternal HTLV-I antibody may protect babies from HTLV-I infection through breast milk during the first 6 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[A case of primary pulmonary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery].

We report the pulmonary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery which is encountered infrequently. The patient, a 67-year-old man, was admitted with right heart failure. Diagnosis was not established completely by computed tomography of the thorax, pulmonary angiogram and pulmonary scintigram, therefore chronic pulmonary thromboembolism was suspected. Palliative resection was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass and total circulatory arrest. Pathologic examination of the resected tumor revealed pulmonary intimal sarcoma, which originated from the pulmonary artery. The patient died four months postoperatively. The cause of death was determined by autopsy to be recurrent pulmonary intimal sarcoma invading the left atrium and multiple metastasis of the brain, pancreas, adrenal glands and right lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Current status of HIV infection in Yunnan Province of China].

In cooperation with the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine and Yunnan Province Provincial Office for AIDS Control and Prevention, we studied the current status of HIV infection intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and other high risk groups in Yunnan province of China. As of the end of 1995, 1,807 HIV cases were officially reported (Positive rate was 0.6%), of which 1,278 (77.9%) were IVDUs, and 24 were their spouses. The majority of cases were found among the Dai minority male farmers near Ruili which borders on Myammar, but HIV also appears to be spreading among the Han people. HIV antibody positive rates among commercial sex workers, pregnant women and blood donors were 0.2%, 0.07% and 0.04%, respectively. A system for surveillance of HIV has been developed, but preventive strategies to cope with HIV epidemic are not sufficient. As HIV/AIDS is now a global issue, (1) the integration and coordination of such preventive strategies in cooperation with community health workers, (2) general health education for condom use promotion and (3) care of psychological vulnerable person such as IVDUs, should be developed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Cambodia].

In December 1995 and March 1996, we visited institutes which were conducting epidemiological studied of HIV/AIDS in Cambodia, and obtained data for further collaborative study between Japan and Cambodia. Data included information on AIDS patients and HIV infected persons, and behavioral epidemiology of CSWs (Commercial Sex Workers). The cumulative reported number of AIDS patients and HIV infected persons in Cambodia was 86 and 2,536 cases respectively in 1995. The cause of infection was mostly heterosexual contact with very few cases from injecting drug use (IDU) and other causes. The seroprevalence rate of HIV antibody among donated blood rapidly increased from 0.08% in 1991 to 4.47% in 1995, and those among CSWs and pregnant women were 37.9% and 2.6%, respectively, in 1995. The average rate of condom use among CSWs was 66%, but the rate of usual usage was only 14%. These results indicate that the HIV/AIDS epidemic had spread rapidly through CSWs, that it had been spread among peoples in communities, and that usage of condoms among CSWs was insufficient in Cambodia. Without strong countermeasures against HIV/AIDS in this country, HIV/AIDS epidemic may spread significantly to not only peoples in this country but also those in neighbouring countries in the future.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[Successful treatment of myocardial infarction of left main trunk by emergent CABG under IABP and PCPS support].

We experienced a successful treatment of acute myocardial infarction which was due to left main trunk obstruction. A 54-year-old man with no history of angina was transported by a rescue squad in cardiogenic shock, and diagnosed by electrocardiography with a wide range of myocardial infarction. Emergent coronary arteriography was performed under IABP support, revealing 99% stenosis in the left main trunk. Percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR) was performed, but suddenly cardiac arrest was happened. He was put on emergency percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). A Palmaz-Schatz stent was implanted for reperfusion, but the patient was hemodynamically unstable with frequent ventricular arrhythmia and pulmonary edema. 24 hours later he underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and CPB could be terminated intraoperatively. His cardiac function was very low and LVEF was 20%. All grafts were patent. On the rehabilitation he was discharged on postoperative day 162 and has returned to work in his office one year postoperatively.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1997

Detection of 2'-deoxyoxanosine by capillary electrophoresis.

We have investigated capillary electrophoresis separation of oxanine (Oxa), a base moiety of 2'-deoxyoxanosine (Figure 1), from various bases. Oxa was not well separated from the others by micelle electrokinetic chromatography which is a general method for separating of the bases. On the other hand, capillary zone electrophoresis showed much improved separation when used pH 12 where the six-membered ring of Oxa is opened.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Intermediate in reaction of 2'-deoxycytidine with nitrous acid.

Using reversed phase (RP) HPLC analysis, we reinvestigated the reaction of dCyd with nitrous acid. When 10 mM 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd) was incubated with 100 mM NaNO2 in 1.0 M acetate buffer (pH 3.7) at 37 degrees C, an unknown product (referred to compound 1) was detected. The time course of the yield of compound 1 showed profile characteristic of an intermediate. Under the physiological conditions, compound 1 was converted exclusively to dUrd with a life time of ca. 300 h. Elucidation of genotoxic effects of compound 1 may be an important subject of the future study.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗