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Biomedical subjects

K Taguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Taguchi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Acetylcholine release from the midbrain interpeduncular nucleus during anesthesia.

An exceptional local rise in metabolism during general anesthesia has been noted previously in the ventral midbrain's highly cholinoceptive interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). We report here a functional correlate. Increased interstitial acetylcholine (ACh) was measured in the IPN of rats through chronically implanted microdialysis probes upon anesthesia by inhalation of 3% halothane (mean 1425% of pre-anesthesia baseline at 30 min, n = 5) and by i.p. injection of 100 mg kg-1 ketamine (mean 387%, n = 6). With 50 mg kg-1 i.p. pentobarbital (n = 8), ACh either climbed or fell repeatably in each animal; a positive correlation (p less than 0.05) emerged between the baseline preanesthetized level and the percentage change after 60 min. Mapping of the brainstem under ketamine (n = 2) or pentobarbital (n = 3) anesthesia showed the ACh source to lie in the IPN. We conclude that physiological responses to the chemically and pharmacologically diverse anesthetics halothane and ketamine, and probably also to pentobarbital, converge to enhance the output of the IPN.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

Studies of the development of optical fiber sensors for biochemical analysis.

An optical fiber sensor utilizing Thymol blue and an ion-exchange resin complex in a cellulose acetate membrane was developed. By monitoring several different chromophores of Thymol blue, the sensor could measure the pH of the solution from 1.0 to 12.0 with good reproducibility. An optical fiber glucose sensor utilizing a cellulose acetate membrane containing glucose oxidase, 2,7-diaminofluorene dihydrochloride, and sodium N-(3-sulfopropyl)-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine was developed. Reflectance changes at 580 nm were large enough to trace changes in glucose concentration in physiological saline solution.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effects of beta-phenylethylamine on photic-evoked potentials in the visual cortex of the cat.

We investigated the effects of beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) on photic-evoked potentials recorded from the cerebral cortex (visual cortex) in the anesthetized cat. The photic-evoked potential consisted of negative (N) and positive (P) components in the cerebral cortex, with peak times of 39.4 +/- 15.4 msec and 57.5 +/- 16.3 msec, respectively. Intravenous administration of PEA (6.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent decrease in the amplitude of the N component of photic-evoked potentials. PEA-induced decreases in the amplitude of photic-evoked potentials (at 12.5 mg/kg) were antagonized by yohimbine (2 mg/kg). Prazocin (2 mg/kg, i.v.) and propranolol (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) did not change the PEA-induced decrease of photic-evoked potentials. Methysergide (2 mg/kg, i.v.), haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and naloxone (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) also failed to alter the inhibitory effect of PEA. Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or reserpine did not completely attenuate the PEA-induced decrease of photic-evoked potentials. According to these results, PEA inhibits the photic-evoked potentials in the visual cortex partially through the noradrenergic alpha 2-receptor.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

Effect of a new calcium entry blocker, NB-818, on delayed neuronal death in the ischemic gerbil hippocampus.

The effect of NB-818, a new dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker, on delayed neuronal death (DND) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield of gerbils after 5 minutes of forebrain ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion was examined. Gerbils were treated intraperitoneally with NB-818 (0.1-3 mg/kg) just after release of the occlusion. Four days after the ischemia, they were fixed by perfusing 10% buffered-formalin, and the neuronal cell density (NCD, cell/mm) in the CA1 subfield was estimated under microscopy. The average NCD in the ischemic control group was 43 +/- 10.8 cells/mm, whereas NB-818 (3 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated DND with an average NCD of 143 +/- 24.2 cells/mm (P less than 0.01). In addition, NB-818 (3 mg/kg) significantly inhibited DND at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after transient ischemia: the average NCD of the NB-818 and ischemic control groups were 80 +/- 9.4 (P less than 0.01) and 43 +/- 7.7 cells/mm, 92 +/- 13.7 (P less than 0.05) and 52 +/- 9.3 cells/mm, and 57 +/- 5.0 (P less than 0.01) and 43 +/- 12.4 cells/mm, respectively. In this experiment, NB-818 exhibited a protective effect on DND in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after transient forebrain ischemia, and its effect persisted for up to 4 weeks. These findings suggest that NB-818 may be useful for clinical treatment of neurological deficit after an ischemic insult.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Immunohistochemical study for choroid plexus papillomas and ependymomas].

An immunohistochemical study of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, cytokeratin (CKER), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and transthyretin (TTR) was carried out on 11 cases of choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and 19 of ependymoma, using the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. Among the 11 cases of CPP, all 11 were positive for CKER, EMA, and TTR, 10 for S-100 protein, and five for GFAP. Most of the GFAP-positive papilloma cells were simultaneously positive for CKER. However, these GFAP-positive cells were negative for TTR. Among the 19 cases of ependymoma, 16 were positive for GFAP, 17 for S-100 protein, three for CKER, eight for EMA, but none for TTR. Some GFAP-positive cells were also stained for CKER. However, TTR was not found in any of the ependymal cells. These findings suggested that CPP cells which show ependymal or glial differentiation lost the ability to synthesize TTR which is known to be synthesized in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. The more GFAP-positive cells present in a CPP, fewer TTR-positive cells are present. Though CPPs are usually easily distinguishable from ependymomas, occasional doubt arises concerning the differential diagnosis between CPP and papillary ependymoma. TTR can be a very useful diagnostic marker of CPP.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Initial experience using a new type extracorporeal lithotripter with an anti-miss-shot control device].

The results of clinical trial using a TOSHIBA piezolectric extracorporeal lithotripter are presented. The advantages of this machine are the installation of an anti-miss-shot control device (AMCD) to prevent miss-shots to the renal tissue and the improved ultrasound stone localization by an over-head type applicator. AMCD functions so that shock waves are generated only when the stone is in the focal region. Forty patients with urinary tract stone were treated by this machine from October 1989 to March 1990 at the Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine. Almost all patients could be treated with an analgesic only. The X-ray film obtained three months after ESWL treatment showed that 23 cases (57.5%) were stone-free and 10 cases (25.0%) had stone fragments of less than 4 mm. The successful rate of ESWL using this machine was 82.5%, the result was better than that using other piezolectric machines. No serious complication was observed, except mild hematuria in all cases. Milder postoperative hematuria suggested the decrease of renal tissue injury. It is concluded that the treatment with this machine is safe and seems to be more favorable than the conventional ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction and enuresis in children].

We reviewed enuretic children among patients with congenital lower urinary tract obstructions experienced in the Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine during 16 years from 1974 to 1989. Among 612 patients with congenital lower urinary tract obstructions, 139 (22.7%) had enuresis nocturna and/or diurna. The incidence of enuresis was 24.7% with posterior urethral valve (77 cases), 50.0% with anterior urethral valve (6 cases), 23.8% with congenital bulbar urethral stenosis in boys (303 cases) and 19.9% with congenital distal urethral stenosis in girls (226 cases). Diurnal enuresis was more common in enuresis associated with congenital lower urinary tract obstructions than in usual enuresis. In urodynamic examinations, more than half of enuretic children with congenital lower urinary obstructions showed hyperactive detrusor activity. Treatment of congenital lower urinary tract obstructions through operation resulted in cure or amelioration of enuresis in about 80% of the patients. Enuresis associated with lower urinary tract obstruction or neurogenic bladder is sometimes called complicated enuresis and it is an important role of a urologist to differentiate complicated enuresis from simple enuresis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Initial experience using a new type extracorporeal lithotripter with an anti-misshot control device.

Initial clinical trials using a new overhead piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotripter is presented. The advantages of this machine are the installation of an anti-misshot control device (AMCD) to prevent misshots to renal tissue, simplicity for ultrasound stone localization by the overhead type applicator, and elimination of necessity for anesthesia. Thirty patients with upper urinary tract calculi were treated by this machine with a success rate of 77% and stone destruction rate of 93%. No serious complication was observed. The AMCD functioned in such a manner that shock waves were generated only when the stone was in the focal region. Although there were AMCD nonfunctioning cases (small and deeply located stones), it is indicated that this machine is favorable for safe, extracorporeal lithotripsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of 300 patients with bladder cancer].

From September 1973 to September 1989, 300 patients with bladder cancer were treated at the Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine. They were 231 males and 69 females with an average age of 65.3 years old. The overall 5-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier's method) was 64.7%. The 5-year survival rates were not different between male patients and female patients, or between patients with single tumor and patients with multiple tumors. Patients with vesical irritation symptoms had more unfavorable prognosis than patients with painless hematuria. Size and configuration of the tumors also affected the prognosis. Histological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma in 291 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 7 patients, adenocarcinoma in one patient and undifferentiated carcinoma in one patient. In patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates according to histological grades were 93.5% for G1, 77.8% for G2 and 31.6% for G3. The 5-year survival rate according to clinical stage was 94.4% for Ta, 79.7% for T1, 66.7% for Tis, 46.1% for T2, 38.5% for T3 and 26.6% for T4. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-b.t.) was performed in 208 patients as an initial operation and the 5-year survival rate in these patients was 78.6%. The 5-year survival rates for total cystectomy (52 patients), partial cystectomy (6 patients) and simple tumor resection (4 patients) were 51.9%, 25.0% and 37.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that superficial tumors (Ta, T1) can be controlled with TUR-b.t. but infiltrating tumors (T2, T3, T4) should be treated more vigorously with multidisciplinary approaches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Urinary tract anomalies detected in prenatal diagnosis].

Advances and spread in ultrasonography in obstetrics have resulted in the increase in the number of reports of congenital anatomical anomalies that have been diagnosed prenatally. We present 56 patients with congenital urinary tract anomalies, which were found by prenatal USG. These anomalies included pelvi-ureteric junction stenosis in 19, multicystic kidney in 12, primary megaureter in 6, ureterocele in 4, posterior urethral valve in 3, polycystic kidney in 2, vesicoureteral reflux in 2, urogenital sinus anomaly in 2 and others in 4. There were 9 oligohydramnios: posterior urethral valve in 2, polycystic kidney in 2, bilateral multicystic kidney in 2, urogenital sinus anomaly in 2 and vesicoureteral reflux in 1. In the neonatal period, urological treatment was performed on 13 patients; indwelling catheter on 4, vesicostomy on 2, ureterocutaneostomy on 2, TUR cele on 2 and others on 3. Among the cases, 25 have been operated on after the various intervals of follow-up periods. Pyeloplasty was performed on 9 patients with pelvi-ureteric junction stenosis, total reconstriction on 4 with ureterocele, ureterocystoneostomy on 3 with megaureter and others on 9. There were 7 lethal cases; polycystic kidney in 2, multicystic kidney in 2, posterior urethral valve in 1, megaureter in 1 and urogenital sinus anomaly in 1. It seems likely that various kinds and increasing number of urinary tract abnormalities will be diagnosed through prenatal USG. It is now important to make a consensus for the timing and management of the therapy of these anomalies.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Sebaceous epithelioma in the external auditory meatus: a case report.

We report a rare case of sebaceous epithelioma(SE) in the external auditory meatus of an 84-year-old woman. The tumor, measuring 1.5 cm in diameter, was hemispherical, yellowish-brown, elastic and hard. It was removed surgically without complications and there has been no recurrence two years postoperatively. The histopathologic findings were characteristic of a sebaceous epithelioma. The controversy over the origin of this tumor is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Study on the clinical usefulness of NCC-ST-439 in breast cancer].

We investigated the usefulness of NCC-ST-439, a new tumor marker in breast cancer. The positive rate of NCC-ST-439 in cases of primary breast cancer was 46.9%. In cases of primary breast cancer, there were no significant differences in average and positive rate among each group of patient age, tumor size, number of metastatic node, clinical stage and status of hormone receptor (ER, PgR). The positive rate of NCC-ST-439 in early breast cancer was as high as that in advanced case. NCC-ST-439 had better sensitivity than CEA and CA15-3, and decreased in serum level after the curative operation. We concluded that NCC-ST-439 is useful as a screening marker for the detection of early breast cancer and as a post operative monitoring marker for the surveillance of the recurrence.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of eel calcitonin for relief of pain from metastatic bone lesions].

Thirty patients with bone metastasis were treated with eel calcitonin (CT) to relieve severe pain from metastatic bone lesions. Patients were two males and twenty-eight females with a mean age of 52.8. CT was administered intramuscularly in twenty-seven patients and intravenously in three. CT was effective on 55.6% of patients to reduce severe bone pain but did not decrease the amount of analgesics in most patients. Serum Ca and P were not changed markedly. As side-effects, two patients complained of nausea and vomiting after administration of CT but they weren't severe. These results indicate that CT is quite useful drug for relief of severe bone pain from metastatic lesions in patients with breast or digestive tract carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Mass screening for uterine cancer during the last 10 years--its present situation and problems].

In Omagari city and five towns, 37,793 women were subjected to mass screening of uterine carcinoma from 1979 to 1988. The detection rate of uterine carcinoma was 0.058%. Initial screening rate was 41% 10 years ago, but in 1988, it was decreased to 18%. The peak age of the mass screening was 50-54 years old, but the carcinoma and dysplasia high degree were detected mostly in patients aged 60 years old or more. And the constitution of the age of mass screening in this study was inadequate for the screening of endometrial carcinoma. It is important to emphasize that older women (aged 60 or above) and nullipara should be encouraged to actively participate in the screening of cervical and endometrial carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparative effects of simvastatin (MK-733) and pravastatin (CS-514) on hypercholesterolemia induced by cholesterol feeding in rabbits.

The preventive effects of simvastatin (MK-733) and pravastatin (CS-514), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, on hypercholesterolemia induced by 0.25% cholesterol feeding were compared in rabbits. MK-733 (6, 2 and 0.7 mg/kg) was found to prevent the increase in serum total cholesterol levels dose-dependently. High dose CS-514 (18 mg/kg) also limited the increase in the cholesterol levels, but medium (6 mg/kg) and low doses (2 mg/kg) of CS-514 were ineffective in preventing it. MK-733 inhibited the increase in VLDL and LDL cholesterol levels dose-dependently. MK-733 suppressed the increase in serum phospholipid levels. MK-733 inhibited the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver. The high dose of CS-514 also limited it. High dose MK-733 (6 mg/kg) reduced the cholesterol concentration in gallbladder bile. Neither MK-733 nor CS-514 affected bile acid excretion in the gallbladder bile. High dose MK-733 decreased the lithogenic index. MK-733 increased the number of LDL receptors, and high dose CS-514 also increased it. The suppressive effect of CS-514 on serum cholesterol levels at 18 mg/kg was found to be less than that of MK-733 at 0.7 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Malignant schwannoma arising in the intracranial trigeminal nerve. A report of an autopsy case and a review of the literature.

An autopsy case of malignant schwannoma arising in the intracranial trigeminal nerve is reported. The tumor involved the right cerebellopontine angle of the brain stem in an 18-year-old man. The spindle-shaped tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm proliferated in fascicles and exhibited hypercellularity, pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity and invasive growth. Ultrastructurally, interdigitating cytoplasmic processes and a few fragmented basal lamina-like structures were observed. Immunohistochemically, some tumor cells were reactive with conventional anti-S-100 protein antibody, but negative for beta subunit. Most tumor cells were positive for alpha subunit of S-100 protein. This is the eighth reported case of malignant schwannoma arising in the intracranial trigeminal nerve.

Adolescent↗