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Biomedical subjects

K Tago

Publications and source records attributed to K Tago.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Octacosanol affects lipid metabolism in rats fed on a high-fat diet.

The effect of dietary octacosanol, a long-chain alcohol, on lipid metabolism was investigated in rats fed on a high-fat diet for 20 d. The addition of octacosanol (10 g/kg diet) to the high-fat diet led to a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the perirenal adipose tissue weight without decrease of the cell number, suggesting that octacosanol may suppress lipid accumulation in this tissue, whereas no effect was seen in the epididymal adipose tissue weight and in the lipid content in liver. Octacosanol supplementation decreased the serum triacylglycerol concentration, and enhanced the concentration of serum fatty acids, probably through inhibition of hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.4). Though the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) was not influenced by octacosanol, higher activities of lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) in the perirenal adipose tissue and the total oxidation rate of fatty acid in muscle were observed. Lipid absorption was not affected by the inclusion of octacosanol. Thus, the present results suggest that the dietary incorporation of octacosanol into a high-fat diet affects some aspects of lipid metabolism.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

[Benefits and adverse effects of post-operative radiation therapy after radical cystectomy for patients with advanced bladder cancer].

BACKGROUND: The benefits and adverse effects of post-operative irradiation for advanced bladder cancer patients were investigated. METHODS: Ten patients with pT3b, pT4 or pN+ bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy at Yamanashi Medical University hospital during 7 years and 3 months from October 1983 to December 1991 received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (Group 1). During the same period, six patients with recurrent tumor after radical cystectomy were treated by radiotherapy (Group II). Stages of the primary tumors were pT2 in 1, pT3a in 2, pT3b in 6 and pT4 in 7 cases. In addition, 10 of 16 patients (63%) had positive nodes. RESULTS: During the follow up period, seven patients died of cancer, and one died of other cause. As a result eight patients (5 in Group I, 3 in Group II) are alive. The cumulative 5-year survival rate is 50%. However, nine of the 16 patients (56%) suffered from the small bowel obstruction as an adverse effect of irradiation. Six patients required resection of the small bowel or bypass surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation after radical cystectomy seemed to be effective for the local control of the tumor, but the adverse effect to the digestive system was very severe and common.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Cystic disease of the kidney].

The kidney is one of the most common sites of cyst. Since cystic disease of the kidney includes various disorders, it is difficult to classify the diseases systematically. It appears that the classification of the American Academy of Pediatrics is suitable for clinical side for the present. In this paper the cystic disease of the kidney is explained on actual cases. Recently, development of imaging diagnosis is contributing widely to the diagnosis of the diseases. Treatment of the diseases, however, is not established satisfactorily. It is hoped that the mechanism of occurrence of the diseases is known further and that regulation of the classification and establishment of the treatment will become available.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Results of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer].

During 7 years and 3 months from October 1983 to December 1990, 68 patients underwent radical cystectomy for primary bladder cancer at Yamanashi Medical College. Of these 68 bladder cancers, 16 were superficial and 52 were invasive. Among the 52 patients with invasive cancer, a combination chemotherapy of methotrexate and cisplatin and/or radiotherapy were given in 18 as an adjuvant therapy. All the adjuvant therapies were performed after the operation except for 2 patients with T4 bladder cancer who received chemotherapy before the operation. There were 23 recurrences and 25 deaths, 20 from bladder cancer and 5 from other causes. Of 20 bladder cancer deaths, 17 deaths (85%) were observed within 2 years after the operation. The 5-year survival rates were 92% for stage pTa-pT1, 83% for stage pT2, 80% for stage pT3a, 24% for stage pT3b and 43% for stage pT4-T4, respectively. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in survival curve was observed between pT3a and pT3b. The 5-year survival rate for pT2-pT3a without nodal metastases was as high as 89% (95% confidence limits 75 to 100%) although 18 out of 19 patients received no adjuvant therapy. On the other hand, the 5-year survival rate for pT3b-pT4 without nodal metastases (25%) was as low as that of patients for any T category with nodal metastases (35%). Most patients with tumor confined within bladder wall seemed to be cured by surgery only. Therefore, any adjuvant chemotherapy with severe side effects seemed not to be justified for these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Renal functional reserve in obstructive nephropathy].

This study was designed to evaluate renal functional reserve (RFR) in obstructive nephropathy using amino acid loading and the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on RFR. We divided 24 rabbits into 4 groups, consisting of a control, 6-hours-bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO), 24-hour BUO and 24-hour BUO pretreated with ACE inhibitor. Following the ligation of the bilateral ureters at the vesicoureteral junction, a unilateral ureter was released after a 6-hour or 24-hour duration in the obstructive groups. We measured RFR and renal vascular resistance after releasing a unilateral ureter in BUO. The baseline GFR values in the 6-hour and 24-hour BUO groups were significantly lower than that in the control. RFR were 0.34 + 0.04 ml/min/kg (control), 0.10 + 0.03 (6-hour BUO), 0.01 + 0.03 (24-hour BUO) and 0.10 + 0.01 (ACE inhibitor), respectively. RFR in the 6-hour BUO group was well preserved compared with that in the 24-hour BUO group. Pretreatment with ACE inhibitor in the 24-hour BUO group enhanced RFR to the extent of 6-hour BUO. Our results demonstrated that angiotensin II plays an important role in decreased GFR with obstructive nephropathy. Moreover, the present data suggested that evaluation of RFR might play a key role in the recovery of the post-obstructive renal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis forming a pelvic tumor--a type of multifocal fibrosclerosis].

We experienced a case of retroperitoneal fibrosis with formation of a pelvic tumor. The patient was a 55-year-old female who showed right-side hydronephrosis on examination and was admitted to this department for consultation. Retrograde pyelography clearly showed that the hydronephrosis was due to lower ureteral obstruction resulting from a pelvic tumor. Ultrasound, CT and MRI showed a tumor adhering to the right posterior surface of the bladder, and it was thought that the tumor was probably malignant. Transdermal/transvesical needle biopsy and transvaginal needle biopsy showed a minimal invasion and allowed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis to be made. Ureterolysis was not carried out, and the patient was treated with steroid monotherapy. She was begun on 30 mg of prednisolone, and administration was continued for approximately 3 months while gradually decreasing the dosage. On completion of administration, the intrapelvic tumor had completely disappeared, showing that treatment was markedly effective. The patient had a history of an orbital pseudotumor, and it was concluded that this was a rare case coming under the heading of multifocal fibrosclerosis.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[The local relapse of prostatic cancer and initial local treatment].

We treated fifty cases of prostatic cancer that had no distant metastasis and no other primary cancers between October 1983 and September 1990. Our initial treatment for clinical stages A2, B1, B2 included radical prostatectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and bilateral orchiectomy. Staging lymphadenectomy with bilateral orchiectomy was applied to patients with clinical stage C tumor, and if there was no lymph node metastasis, external beam radiation therapy for the prostate was performed. Patients who did not consent to major surgeries or had poor general status or had clinical stage D1 tumor underwent bilateral orchiectomy. Mean observation period was forty-one months. Eleven cases relapsed. Of the eleven cases, ten had local relapse at the diagnosis of relapse (two of them had distant metastasis simultaneously, six of them had distant metastasis later, and two of them had no distant metastasis in the observation period). All these ten cases had no underwent the initial local treatment. The remainder who had underwent radical prostatectomy relapsed with distant metastasis alone. This study suggests that the local relapse tends to precede distant metastasis as the mate of relapse of prostatic cancer excluding stage D2. There is a possibility that initial local treatment is useful improving the prognosis of the patients for clinical stage A2-D1 prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for superficial bladder carcinoma: study on significance of additional maintenance instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin].

The efficacy of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations for superficial bladder tumors was studied by prospective randomized trial. From June 1985 to October 1988, 42 newly diagnosed patients with superficial bladder carcinoma (pTa or pT1) were treated by transurethral tumor resection and subsequent five daily instillations of mitomycin C. Then they were divided into non-maintenance group (22 patients) and maintenance group (20 patients) by randomization. The patients received six weekly instillations of 80 mg of BCG. Tokyo strain (Japan BCG manufacturing Co., Tokyo, Japan), suspended in 40 ml of physiological saline, and the patients in the maintenance group received four additional instillations of BCG every three months. We could not complete the six-week course of BCG instillations in three patients due to adverse effects (two in non-maintenance group and one in maintenance group) and we lost six patients from follow-up within one year (one in non-maintenance group and five in maintenance group). The mean follow-up period of the remaining 33 patients was 28.1 months. Of these 33 patients, six patients had been found to have recurrent tumors, and the over-all three-year non-recurrence rate was 82%. Before employing BCG, when we used only mitomycin C after TUR-Bt, the three year non-recurrence rate was 58%. This indicates prophylactic effect of BCG instillations. The stage of the initial tumor of the six recurrent cases were all pT1b. The non-recurrence rate of the patients with pT1b tumor was significantly lower than that of the patients with pTa and pT1a tumor. However, multiplicity and grade of tumors did not affect the non-recurrence rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

Early site of lymphatic involvement from right renal cell carcinoma: CT demonstration and method of lymphadenectomy.

The value of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma remains controversial. The precise location of nodal metastasis and method of lymphadenectomy had seldom been mentioned. We report 2 patients with right renal cell carcinoma who had regional lymph node involvement without blood-borne metastasis. The involved lymph nodes were demonstrated by CT scan just behind the inferior vena cava at the level of renal hilus. These nodes seemed to be the first sites of nodal involvement from the right renal cell carcinoma. Elevation of the inferior vena cava by dividing its small branches, including a few lumbar veins, was necessary for complete removal of these nodes en bloc with the right kidney.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Glomerular function and renal functional reserve].

Protein intake has been shown to raise glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The difference between peak and baseline GFR following acute protein load indicates renal functional reserve (RFR). In this paper, we review 1) normal glomerular function and its regulating factors, 2) the concept of RFR and the mechanism by which the acute protein load induces hyperfiltration response in healthy subjects and 3) the RFR in patients with renal disease.

Glomerular Filtration Rate↗
PubMed1989

Construction of less neurovirulent polioviruses by introducing deletions into the 5' noncoding sequence of the genome.

Viral attenuation may be due to lowered efficiency of certain steps essential for viral multiplication. For the construction of less neurovirulent strains of poliovirus in vitro, we introduced deletions into the 5' noncoding sequence (742 nucleotides long) of the genomes of the Mahoney and Sabin 1 strains of poliovirus type 1 by using infectious cDNA clones of the virus strains. Plaque sizes shown by deletion mutants were used as a marker for rate of viral proliferation. Deletion mutants of both the strains thus constructed lacked a genome region of nucleotide positions 564 to 726. The sizes of plaques displayed by these deletion mutants were smaller than those by the respective parental viruses, although a phenotype referring to reproductive capacity at different temperatures (rct) of viruses was not affected by introduction of the deletion. Monkey neurovirulence tests were performed on the deletion mutants. The results clearly indicated that the deletion mutants had much less neurovirulence than with the corresponding parent viruses. Production of infectious particles and virus-specific protein synthesis in cells infected with the deletion mutants started later than in those infected with the parental viruses. The rate at which cytopathic effect progressed was also slower in cells infected with the mutants. Phenotypic stability of the deletion mutant for small-plaque phenotype and temperature sensitivity was investigated after passaging the mutant at an elevated temperature of 37.5 degrees C. Our data strongly suggested that the less neurovirulent phenotype introduced by the deletion is very stable during passaging of the virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Determinants in the 5' noncoding region of poliovirus Sabin 1 RNA that influence the attenuation phenotype.

A number of recombinants between the virulent Mahoney and attenuated Sabin strains of type 1 poliovirus were constructed by using infectious cDNA clones of the two strains. To identify a strong neurovirulence determinant(s) residing in the genome region upstream of nucleotide position 1122, these recombinant viruses were subjected to biological tests, including monkey neurovirulence tests. The results of the monkey neurovirulence tests suggested the important contribution of an adenine residue (Mahoney type) at position 480 to the expression of the neurovirulence phenotype of type 1 poliovirus. This nucleotide, however, had only a minor effect, if any, on viral temperature sensitivity. Monkey neurovirulence tests on the recombinant virus whose genome had a guanine residue (Sabin type) at position 480 and variants generated from this recombinant virus in the central nervous system of monkeys strongly suggested that only one nucleotide change, from adenine to guanine, was not sufficient for full expression of the attenuation phenotype encoded by this genome region. These results suggest that the expression of the attenuation phenotype depends on the highly ordered structure formed in the 5' noncoding sequence and that the formation of such a structure is possibly influenced by the nucleotide at position 480. Furthermore, in vitro biological tests performed on viruses recovered from the central nervous system of monkeys injected with a temperature-sensitive recombinant virus showing the small-plaque and d phenotypes revealed that most of the recovered viruses had even higher temperature sensitivities and that all of the recovered viruses that had acquired the large-plaque phenotype had lost the d phenotype to some extent. These results indicate that there may be an unknown selection pressure(s) in the central nervous system and that common determinants might be involved in the expression of the small-plaque and d phenotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A recombinant virus between the Sabin 1 and Sabin 3 vaccine strains of poliovirus as a possible candidate for a new type 3 poliovirus live vaccine strain.

Biological tests including the monkey neurovirulence test performed on recombinants between the virulent Mahoney and attenuated Sabin 1 strains of type 1 poliovirus indicated that the genome region encoding mainly the viral capsid proteins had little correlation with the neurovirulence or attenuation phenotype of the virus. The results suggested that new vaccine strains of type 2 and type 3 polioviruses may be constructed in vitro by replacing the sequence encoding the antigenic determinants in viral capsid proteins of the Sabin 1 genome by the corresponding sequences of the type 2 and type 3 genome, respectively. Accordingly, we constructed recombinants between the Sabin 1 and Sabin 3 strains of poliovirus in which genome sequences of the Sabin 1 strain encoding most or all capsid proteins were replaced by the corresponding genome sequences of the Sabin 3 strain. One of the recombinant viruses thus constructed was fully viable and showed antigenicity and immunogenicity identical to those of type 3 poliovirus. The monkey neurovirulence tests and in vitro phenotypic marker tests (temperature sensitivity of growth, sodium bicarbonate concentration dependency of growth under agar overlay, and size of plaque) were performed on the recombinant virus. The stability of the virus in regard to the temperature sensitivity phenotype was also tested. The results suggested that the recombinant virus is a possible candidate for a new type 3 poliovirus vaccine strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Serum and renal tissue concentrations of cefotaxime in urinary tract obstruction in rabbits.

Serum cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime concentrations and their tissue concentrations in the kidney were determined at 30 minutes after cefotaxime (80 mg/kg) bolus intravenous infusion in rabbits when the urinary tract was obstructed. Serum concentration was highest in bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) animals (142.1 +/- 25.4 mg/L), followed in order by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) animals (92.6 +/- 10.4 mg/L) and sham-operated animals (50.4 +/- 9.9 mg/L). Both serum cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime concentrations were highly correlated with serum creatinine levels. Conversely, the renal tissue/serum concentration ratio of cefotaxime and its metabolite was lowest in BUO animals, which was in accordance with physiological evidence that renal blood flow was reduced in BUO. Indomethacin pretreatment exaggerated cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime accumulation in the obstructed kidney of the UUO model, indicating that this drug inhibits renal elimination of cefotaxime when urinary tract obstruction exists.

Animals↗