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Biomedical subjects

K Sugai

Publications and source records attributed to K Sugai.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

High intensity in the globus pallidus on proton and T2-weighted MRI in a case of dentato-ruburo-pallido-luysian atrophy of myoclonus epilepsy type.

Although marked atrophy of the tegmentum of the mid-brain is a known computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature in patients with dentato-ruburo-pallido-luysian atrophy (DRPLA), this is the first report of marked high signal intensity of the globus pallidus on proton and T2-weighted MR images in a patient in the early stage of DRPLA of the myoclonus epilepsy type. We suggest that the globus pallidus may be involved in the early stage of DRPLA of this type. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be useful for the early detection of involvement of the globus pallidus and in the clinical diagnosis of DRPLA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of a platelet-activating factor antagonist, WEB 2086, on inhibition of active oxygen generation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

We investigated the effect of WEB 2086, 3-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo- [4,3-a][1,4]-diazepin-2-yl]-1-(4-morpholinyl)-1-propanone, an antagonist of platelet-activating factor, on the generation of active oxygen by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This agent inhibited the production of oxidative metabolites by these cells following stimulation by opsonized zymosan and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in a time-dependent fashion. To determine whether it would directly inhibit the production of oxygen metabolites by these cells, they were preincubated with WEB 2086 and washed prior to stimulation. WEB 2086 was found to directly inhibit the generation of active oxygen metabolites by these cells. WEB 2086 may be a scavenger of active oxygen metabolites since it rapidly inhibited the production of active oxygen metabolites by these cells. It also directly affected the scavenging of active oxygen metabolites that were generated by the opsonized zymosan-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This action of WEB 2086 was also noted to be exerted against hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions produced biochemically by an electron spin resonance spectrometer. It thus follows that WEB 2086 may inhibit the generation of active oxygen metabolites by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and directly influence the scavenging of these metabolites.

Azepines↗
PubMed1994

[A case of refractory status epilepticus associated with aberrant intracranial shunt tube: efficacy of lidocaine in the determination of the epileptic focus].

We report our experience using lidocaine to determine the epileptic focus in a case of refractory status epilepticus associated with an aberrant intracranial shunt tube. Pentobarbital anesthesia rapidly suppressed convulsions. However, whenever the pentobarbital was decreased, the status epilepticus was resumed. The seizure looked primarily generalized both clinically and electroencephalographically, but EEG monitoring with intravenous administration of lidocaine demonstrated that the ictal waves began from the right anterotemporal area, where the shunt valve and tube were placed. Removal of the shunt tube and the surrounding scar tissue eliminated status epilepticus. Our result suggests the excellent efficacy of lidocaine to distinguish secondarily generalized status epilepticus from primarily generalized one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

The Premier enzyme immunoassay (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio) was compared with a latex agglutination assay (CALAS; Meridian) for the ability to detect cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen (CrAg) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A total of 594 specimens (471 serum samples and 123 CSF samples) obtained from 430 patients, most of whom were at risk for or had AIDS, were tested in parallel by both systems. Both tests were independently evaluated for their ability to (i) detect CrAg when used as a screening test and (ii) quantitate the CrAg present when used as a titration assay. Chart review to assess clinical outcome after the time of specimen collection was conducted for all patients. When both assays were used as screening assays, 103 serum samples and 18 CSF samples were positive and 356 serum samples and 104 CSF specimens were negative by both assays (97.8% concordance). Thirteen specimens (12 serum samples, 1 CSF sample) gave discrepant screening results. When the tests were used as semiquantitative assays for titer determinations, the CrAg titers determined by the enzyme immunoassay were generally higher than those obtained with the latex agglutination assay. In summary, results obtained with the enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those obtained with the latex agglutination test for screening for the presence of CrAg and for determining the titer of CrAg in serum or CSF.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of active oxygen generation by dipyridamole in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of dipyridamole on active oxygen generation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was investigated. Dipyridamole inhibited the production of oxidative metabolites from human PMN stimulated by opsonized zymosan and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine dose and time dependently. To determine whether dipyridamole directly inhibits the production of oxygen metabolites by human PMN, human PMN were preincubated with dipyridamole washed prior to stimulation. Dipyridamole was found to directly inhibit human PMN from generated active oxygen metabolites at therapeutic concentrations. Dipyridamole may possibly be a potential scavenger of active oxygen metabolites since it inhibited active oxygen metabolite production from human PMN very rapidly. Dipyridamole was also found to directly affect the scavenging of active oxygen metabolites generated by opsonized zymosan-stimulated human PMN at therapeutic concentrations. This action of dipyridamole was also noted to be exerted against hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions produced biochemically by an electron spin resonance spectrometer. It thus follows that dipyridamole may inhibit human PMN active oxygen metabolite generation and affect directly the scavenging of active oxygen metabolites at therapeutic concentrations.

Dipyridamole↗
PubMed1992

[Perioperative renal functions in patients with chronic renal disease].

Renal function was studied in patients with compensated renal failure and in those with slight renal disorder during and after operations focusing on several aggravating factors. After perioperative episodes of hypovolemia, bleeding and shock, the levels of urine beta 2 microglobulin and FENa were elevated, showing the abnormal renal tubule functions. Elevation of NAG and the decrease of Ccr were observed, showing the organic damage on the renal tubular cell and the influence on GFR. These aggravating factors should be eliminated to prevent the irreversible renal changes.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

Macular choroidal occlusion in dysplasminogenemia.

The authors describe a family with dysplasminogenemia. This diagnosis was based on a lowered ratio of functional plasminogen activity to immunologic plasminogen antigen level, associated with fundus abnormalities. The proband is a 31-year-old woman with Graves disease who had choroidal occlusive lesions of the macula in both eyes. The results of the laboratory examination indicated that the patient was a homozygote for dysplasminogenemia. Similar examinations of the patient's parents and siblings showed their plasminogen levels to be 50% below normal. The thrombotic tendency in this disorder appeared to be responsible for the pathogenesis of the macular choroidal occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of hypoxia on the brain cholinergic system in the rat].

Effects of mild hypoxic hypoxia on brain cholinergic system in the rat were investigated with choline acetyltransferase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (MR) as indicators of cholinergic system. Hypoxic exposure of 10% oxygen concentration was undertaken for one week. The activity of CAT and AChE was reduced, while MR increased. CAT is known as the specific enzyme of cholinergic neuron, but AChE is contained also in postsynaptic neuron of the cholinergic neuron. Reduction in the activity of both enzymes may mean reduction in the activity of cholinergic system. MR is contained in postsynaptic membrane. The increase in MR may indicate recovery from agonist-dependent desensitized receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Severely retarded children in a defined area of Japan--prevalence rate, associated disabilities and causes].

We studied all severely retarded children in a defined area of Japan. The area is a small and rural prefecture with the total population of 880,000. The population of children aged 6-14 years was 102,000. The number of severely retarded children (those who neither walk nor have IQs over 35) was 50. The prevalence rate was 0.49/1,000 and its 95% confidence interval was 0.36-0.65. The rate was significantly lower than that has been reported 20 years ago from another prefecture in Japan. Among the cases, children with very severe retardation (those who are bedridden with their IQs less than 20) accounted for 66% and children who were institutionalized for permanent care accounted for 46%. Association of several disabilities was as follows: cerebral palsy 62%, epilepsy 82%, decreased visual acuity 42%, respiratory distress 16%, and feeding difficulty 32%. The causes of prenatal origin accounted for about two-thirds of the total causes. We concluded that the prevalence rate of severely retarded children is becoming lower in Japan and that the prenatal factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Two cases of ictal automatisms of frontal lobe origin].

Two cases of ictal automatisms of frontal lobe origin are reported. Both two cases had automatisms characterized by abrupt onset and ending, short duration, preservation of consciousness and frequent attacks in cluster. The ictal manifestations included rocking of body and violent thrashing of limbs in prone position with loud screaming. No initial staring or postictal confusion was noted. Interictal EEGs showed spikes in the frontal area. Ictal EEGs began with attenuation of background activity and/or fast rhythmic waves dominant in the frontal area. Just after clinical seizures, high voltage slow waves in bilateral frontal areas and rhythmic alpha waves in the occipital areas were recorded. The EEG findings suggested that the paroxysmal activities were localized in bilateral frontal lobes, not spreading to the temporal lobe.

Automatism↗
PubMed1990

Clinical and immunohistochemical studies of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis.

Two cases of TS associated with brain tumors had severe psychomotor retardation and early onset of long-term intractable convulsions, compared with cases without tumors. In one case, the tumor was partially cystic and progressed rapidly. Immunohistochemical studies of neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein and myelin basic protein revealed differences in positivity between cell types and between cases. These results suggested that the origin of the tumor cells could be variably differentiated cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The interaction of neuromuscular relaxants with rabbit lung muscarinic receptors.

The interaction of muscle relaxants with airway muscarinic receptors of rabbit lung was investigated in vitro by the [3H]QNB binding technique. Pancuronium, vecuronium, alcuronium and succinyl choline chloride (SCC) inhibited the binding of [3H]QNB to rabbit lung muscarinic receptors in a dose-dependent manner. The values of IC50 (the concentration giving 50% inhibition) of pancuronium, vecuronium, alcuronium and SCC were 1.54 x 10(-5), 2.52 x 10(-5), 8.40 x 10(-5), and 4.00 x 10(-3) mol/l respectively. As the values of Kd increased with minimal change in the value of Bmax, while not influencing the number of receptors, these muscle relaxants had an inhibitory action on the affinity of muscarinic receptors to [3H]QNB in the order: pancuronium greater than or equal to vecuronium greater than alcuronium greater than SCC. Applying IC50 values to human conditions, clinical doses of these muscarinic relaxants are unlikely to exhibit any significant vagolytic action in lung tissue.

Alcuronium↗
PubMed1990

[Perioperative renal function of patients with chronic renal diseases].

Perioperative renal function was studied in the patients with compensated renal failure whose values of BUN and serum Cr were above 30 and 2mg.dl-1 respectively, and those with chronic renal diseases whose values of BUN and serum Cr were normal. Serum and urine electrolyte, urea N, beta 2 microglobulin, Cr, Ccr, FENa and urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were checked before, during and after operation for 2 weeks. Anesthesia mainly chosen was neuroleptanesthesia with vecuronium. In both groups, the function of glomeruli was not influenced during perioperative period. In both groups, during operation and 5 to 8 days after operation the value of FENa increased and returned to the preoperative value on the 14th postoperative day. The value of urine beta 2 microglobulin increased on the 5th postoperative day in both groups. During perioperative period renal tubular function was mainly influenced and returned to preoperative value 5 to 14 days after the operation. The perioperative care of the patients with chronic renal diseases including compensated renal failure is different from that of the patients with renal failure treated by hemodialysis.

Adult↗