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Biomedical subjects

K Stephan

Publications and source records attributed to K Stephan.

75 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Confirmation of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions based on user-independent criteria.

Transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded from 525 ears (children, 3-11 years). Based on visual evaluation, the recordings were classified as TEOAEs present, absent or uncertain. Within each group the distribution of response level and reproducibility as well as of four derived parameters were calculated. The latter comprised: (1) corrected response level (difference between response level and approximated noise), (2) weighted response level (product of response level and correlation), (3) weighted sound pressure of the response (product of sound pressure and correlation) and (4) level of the weighted sound pressure of the response (weighted sound pressure of the response transformed to decibels). Based on these distributions, criteria to separate recordings with TEOAEs from recordings without TEOAEs were established. In this study the cutoff point is the parameter value where the amount of incorrectly identified recordings with TEOAEs is equal to the amount of correctly identified recordings without TEOAEs. The corresponding limiting values are: (a) response level 7.3 dB with 7.6% incorrect identifications for each group, (b) reproducibility 56% with 4.2% incorrect identifications, (c) corrected response level 2.4 dB with 5% incorrect identifications, (d) weighted response level 3.7 dB with 3.2% of incorrect identifications, (e) sound pressure of the response 0.027 mPa with 2% incorrect identifications and (f) level of the weighted sound pressure of the response 1.22 dB with 2% incorrect identifications.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-specific doses of lormetazepam as a night sedative in cases of chronic sleep disturbance.

Lormetazepam, a new benzodiazepine derivative, was tested under double blind conditions in order to find the optimal dosage for different age groups of out-patients. 120 patients suffering from chronic sleep disturbance were included in the study: a younger group (age 20 to 55) and an older group (age 56 to 85 years). Four different doses were given to each age group: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg to the younger group and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg to the older group. A pre-placebo week (i.e. when all patients received placebo) in which baseline data were recorded preceded the two verum weeks, and these were followed by a post-placebo or withdrawal week (again all patients receiving placebo). The level of significance accepted for statistical decisions was alpha = 0.05. No differences in effects between the different doses were observed with regard to sleep pattern variables (sleep latency, sleep duration, frequency of awakenings, sleep quality, occurrence of 'bad' dreams) with the exception of sleep quality which was better in the older group than in the younger group after 0.5 mg in week 2. Considerable differences with regard to hangover feelings the next morning and during the next day (morning feelings, tranquility, alertness, and concentration), comparison of the effects of discontinuing therapy upon the above-mentioned sleep pattern variables and small differences in side effects--which were few--led to the following conclusion: --0.5 mg stood out as the best dose for the older group. --None of the dosages given to the younger group emerged clearly as superior. However, it would seem that the 1 mg dose should be the dose recommended, since fewer unfavourable scores and side effects appeared after this dose.

Adult↗