Short ventriculoatrial intervals during orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia: what is the mechanism?
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Atrial Function↗
Biomedical subjects
K Soejima
Publications and source records attributed to K Soejima.
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces corneal angiogenesis in rats.
Neovascularization or angiogenesis is required for the progression of chronic inflammation. The mechanism of inflammatory neovascularization in tuberculosis remains unknown. Trehalose 6, 6'-dimycolate (TDM) purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was injected into rat corneas. TDM challenge provoked a local granulomatous response in association with neovascularization. Neovascularization was seen within a few days after the challenge, with the extent of neovascularization being dose dependent, although granulomatous lesions developed 14 days after the challenge. Cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were found in lesions at the early stage (within a few days after the challenge) and were detectable until day 21. Neovascularization was inhibited substantially by neutralizing antibodies to VEGF and IL-8 but not IL-1beta. Treatment with anti-TNF-alpha antibodies resulted in partial inhibition. TDM possesses pleiotropic activities, and the cytokine network plays an important role in the process of neovascularization.
Animals↗
Importance of interleukin-8 in the development of reexpansion lung injury in rabbits.
Reexpansion of a collapsed lung induces increased microvascular permeability leading to reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE). This study was designed to prove the hypothesis that local overproduction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) induces inflammatory cell accumulation which leads to the induction of REPE. Initially, we examined the detailed characteristics of a rabbit model of REPE in association with IL-8 production and its mRNA expression. The lung tissue to plasma ratio of radiolabeled albumin (T/P ratio), the lung wet to dry ratio, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophil counts were significantly increased in the reexpanded lung. IL-8 concentrations and mRNA expression were significantly increased in the reexpanded lung homogenate. Immunohistochemically, alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial cells in the reexpanded lung and AMs in the collapsed lung were positive for IL-8. Second, we examined the effect of pretreatment with a specific monoclonal anti-IL-8 antibody (Ab) or control IgG on the development of REPE. The T/P ratio and BAL neutrophil counts were conspicuously decreased by pretreatment with anti-IL-8 Ab, but not with control IgG. On a histopathological study, lung injury and leukocyte infiltration were attenuated by the pretreatment with anti-IL-8 Ab. In conclusion, IL-8 production is enhanced in the reexpanded lung, and contributes to the development of REPE. The pretreatment with anti-IL-8 antibody may be useful as a novel protective therapy for this disease.
Animals↗
Longitudinal follow-up study of smoking-induced lung density changes by high-resolution computed tomography.
To evaluate the ability of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to detect longitudinal changes in structural abnormalities caused by smoking, HRCT and pulmonary function tests were used to examine nonsmokers, current smokers, and past smokers annually for 5 yr. Inspiratory HRCT was taken for the upper, middle, and lower lung fields, while expiratory images were obtained for the upper and lower lung fields only. We estimated the three quantitative CT parameters including MLD (mean CT value), HIST (CT value with the most frequent appearance), and %LAA (relative area of low attenuation with CT values less than -912 HU). Most of the pulmonary function tests, excepting FEV(1), did not change annually, whereas many of the inspiratory HRCT parameters did. In nonsmokers, only %LAA in the middle or lower lung fields exhibited an annual increase. In current smokers, %LAA in the upper lung field was augmented, while inspiratory MLD or HIST in the middle or lower lung field became more positive. In past smokers, %LAA in any lung field examined increased. The annual change in %LAA in the upper lung field was larger for past smokers than nonsmokers, with little difference between past and current smokers. Expiratory CT parameters showed few annual changes in all groups. In conclusion, (1) aging increases airspace abnormalities, mainly in the lower lung field; (2) although continuous smoking worsens airspace abnormalities mainly in the upper portion of the lung, this trend does not seem to slow down even after smoking cessation; and (3) inspiratory HRCT images are superior to expiratory images for longitudinal estimation of structural abnormalities caused by aging and smoking.
Aging↗
Age-adjusted heart rate variability as an index of the severity and prognosis of heart failure.
The age-adjusted, heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated as a parameter for the severity of heart failure and its prognosis. HRV was obtained by 24-h Holter monitoring in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, echocardiography, radioisotope ventriculography, and blood examination were performed, and compared between patients and normal subjects. The evaluation was repeated during the follow-up period. Finally, using the lower limit of HRV, patients were divided into either normal or abnormal group for each low-frequency power (LF) and high-frequency power (HF) (age-adjusted HRV). Other parameters of heart failure and prognosis were compared between these 2 groups. HRV tended to be lower in patients with LVD. HF decreased at the early stage of heart failure, but did not decrease progressively. LF decreased progressively. HRV change paralleled the change of NYHA. The abnormal HRV group showed a poor prognosis for cardiac death, but not for sudden cardiac death. In patients with LVD, HRV was decreased compared with the normal subjects. Change in HRV correlated with the change in NYHA classification. Age-adjusted HRV correlated with cardiac-death prognosis, but not for sudden cardiac death.
Aged↗
Dynamic character of the complex of human blood coagulation factor VIIa with the extracellular domain of human tissue factor: a normal mode analysis.
As an attempt to investigate the dynamic interactions between plasma serine protease, coagulation factor VIIa (VIIa) and its cofactor, tissue factor (TF), we performed normal mode analysis (NMA) of the complex of VIIa with soluble TF (the extracellular part of TF; sTF). We compared fluctuations of Calpha atoms of VIIa or sTF derived from NMA in the VIIa-sTF complex with those of VIIa or sTF in an uncomplexed condition. The atomic fluctuations of the Calpha atoms of sTF complexed with VIIa did not significantly differ from those of sTF without VIIa. In contrast, the atomic fluctuations of VIIa complexed with sTF were much smaller than those of VIIa without sTF. These results suggest that domain motions of VIIa molecule alone are markedly dampened in the VIIa-sTF complex and that the sTF molecule is relatively more rigid than the VIIa molecule. This may indicate functions of TF as a cofactor.
Amino Acids↗
DDD-pacing-induced cardiomyopathy following AV node ablation for persistent atrial tachycardia.
Ventricular rate control by catheter ablation of the AV node and pacing in patients with persistent atrial tachycardia has been reported to improve left ventricular function. However, this approach requires careful selection of the pacing mode. We report a patient who underwent AV node ablation for persistent multiple atrial tachycardias, and who then had a non-mode-switching pacemaker implanted. Because of an inappropriately programmed relatively high upper rate limit, the patient developed left ventricular dysfunction after 6 years. This resolved after programming the pacemaker to VVI at 70 bpm.
Atrial Function↗
Reconstruction of perianal skin defect using a V-Y advancement of bilateral gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flaps: reconstruction considering anal cleft and anal function.
In order to preserve the anal function after ano-perianal skin excision for malignancy, we have reconstructed a deep, symmetrical natal cleft using a V-Y advancement of bilateral gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flaps thinned medially and sutured to the ooccyx, anococcygeal ligament and the central tendon of the perineum. This technique was applied in three cases of Bowen's disease and two cases of Paget's disease. In all five cases, postoperative anal functions such as comfortable defecation and sensation, were well preserved, the perianal skin and underwear stayed clean, and there was no disturbance of walking or exercise.
Aged↗
Clinical and immunoregulatory effects of roxithromycin therapy for chronic respiratory tract infection.
The clinical and immunoregulatory effects of long-term macrolide antibiotic therapy for patients with chronic lower respiratory tract infections (CLRTI) were investigated. Clinical parameters and neutrophil chemotactic mediators in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of CLRTI patients (n = 10) were examined before and after 3 months oral administration of roxithromycin (RXM). The in vitro effects of RXM were also examined on the release of these mediators from alveolar macrophages (AM) and neutrophils. Arterial oxygen tension (p<0.05), vital capacity (VC) (p<0.001), %VC (p<0.05) and forced expiratory volume in one second (p<0.01) were improved after RXM treatment, but airway bacteria were not eradicated. Among the mediators, the levels of interleukin (IL)-8, neutrophil elastase (NE) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were higher in ELF than in plasma of CLRTI patients and they decreased after RXM treatment (n = 7, p<0.05 for each). RXM concentrations were significantly increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage cells of the treated patients. In in vitro experiments, RXM showed inhibitory effects on IL-8 release from AM and neutrophils. In conclusion, interleukin-8, neutrophil elastase and leukotriene B4 contribute to the neutrophilic inflammation in the airways of chronic lower respiratory tract infection patients and the clinical effects of roxithromycin may, in part, be attributable to the suppression of excess release of the chemotactic mediators from inflammatory cells.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Influence of age on ambulatory electrocardiogram-derived heart rate variability.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quantitative change in heart rate variability with age by using 24 h Holter ambulatory monitoring of electrocardiogram and to set the lower limit of heart rate variability depending on age. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty healthy subjects without any medication (male to female ratio 40:40, 45.6 +/- 14.1 years of age, range 16 to 68 years). METHODS: Holter monitoring was performed, and frequency and time domain heart rate variability was obtained. RESULTS: A significant inverse relationship was found between age and heart rate variability, especially in the frequency domain, and, in the time domain analysis, in the root mean square of the difference in the RR intervals of sinus rhythm (NN) between successive beats and in the portion of NN cycles greater than 50 ms apart. Except for the standard deviation of the mean of RR intervals taken every 5 mins and averaged over 24 h and the ratio of low frequency high frequency power spectra, all parameters decreased to a certain age and did not change thereafter, and the rate of decrease differed among the parameters of heart rate variability. Because age had a strong influence on heart rate variability, the lower limit of heart rate variability for a certain age was determined by using the polynomial curve fitting of the moving average minus 2 SD of 10 consecutive subjects. By using these equations, it could be determined whether heart rate variability was normal or abnormal depending on age.
Adult↗
Comparison of the intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern between differentiated and undifferentiated gastric carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern between differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma of the stomach. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred five cases of surgically resected gastric carcinoma were studied, comprising 125 differentiated and 80 undifferentiated carcinomas. DNA ploidy was determined by means of flow cytometry in stepwise sections of the entire tumor. The intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern was compared between these two histologic types. RESULTS: Differentiated carcinomas comprised 35 cases of predominantly diploid (28%) and 90 cases of predominantly aneuploid (72%) tumors, while undifferentiated carcinomas comprised 46 cases of predominantly diploid (57.5%) and 34 cases of predominantly aneuploid (42.5%) (P < .01). The frequency of cases showing predominantly aneuploidy among the differentiated carcinomas was significantly higher than among the undifferentiated carcinomas at stages IA and IIIA. The rate of cases showing heterogeneity was lower among the early-stage cases than among the advanced-stage cases in both histologic types. Among the differentiated carcinomas, there were 22 cases that had more than six DNA stemlines in each tumor, whereas among undifferentiated carcinomas, there were six such cases (P < .05). CONCLUSION: There were more cases with high malignant potential among the differentiated carcinoma cases than among the undifferentiated carcinoma cases in the present series.
Adenocarcinoma↗
High-resolution spherical grating monochromator for the undulator beamline (BL-16B) at the Photon Factory.
The design and performance of a 24 m high-resolution spherical grating monochromator (H-SGM) for the undulator beamline (BL-16B) at the Photon Factory are described. With three interchangeable gratings of 400, 900 and 2000 lines mm(-1), the H-SGM is designed to cover the photon energy range 40-600 eV. With a resolving power of approximately 2000 in the photon energy range 40-530 eV, more than 10(11) photons s(-1) have been measured. The best resolutions obtained so far, at a substantially lower photon flux, are greater than 10 000 at 250 eV and 8000 at 400 eV
Journal Article↗
Primary malignant lymphoma of superior vena cava.
A 78-year-old woman suffered from superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Computed tomography and angiography revealed a mass within the SVC. The SVC was resected via median sternotomy, followed by reconstruction using an artificial graft. The resected specimen showed a polypoid tumor within the SVC that had invaded the wall of the SVC. Histologic diagnosis was diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most surrounding lymph nodes showed reactive swelling, but one showed a partial microscopic metastasis. These pathologic findings indicated that the tumor was an SVC-originating malignant lymphoma. The patient is now alive and tumor-free 65 months after the operation.
Aged↗
Congenital partial absence of the facial muscles.
Facial asymmetry in a newborn infant suggests various diagnoses, including birth trauma and congenital hemifacial microsomia. But congenital absence or hypoplasia of facial muscles has not been known except for the depressor anguli oris muscle (DAOM). The authors' experience with surgical treatment of congenital hypoplasia of the risorius, zygomaticus major and minor, and levator labii superioris muscles is presented. Congenital facial muscle absence is uncommon. Although the hypoplasia of the DAOM is known, this disease is not fully clarified. The authors report a case of congenital partial palsy of the face in which some facial muscles were absent although the facial nerve was normal.
Adolescent↗
Studies of surface microarchitecture using a hand-held video microscope in cases of cultured epithelial autografts.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin texture after cultured epithelial autografting (CEA) by focusing on the surface microarchitecture. From August 1993 through October 1995, CEA was performed to improve the texture of burn scars in 26 patients. The surface microarchitecture was studied using a hand-held video microscope on a long-term basis. In addition, biopsies were obtained from graft sites in 5 patients before CEA and at 1, 3, and 6 months after CEA. Before CEA, observation of the surface microarchitecture of the burn scars showed no skin fields or skin furrows. Histologically, the epidermis had no rete ridges. At 6 months after resurfacing with autologous cultured epithelium, it was possible to recognize skin fields and skin furrows in all patients. The shapes of the newly formed skin fields were similar but not identical to those at the donor site. Histological examination revealed that rete ridges were formed during the same time period. These findings suggest that the improvement in skin texture of burn scars after resurfacing with cultured epithelium depends on the reconstruction of the skin fields.
Adolescent↗
Effect of cultured endothelial cells on angiogenesis in vivo.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of cultured endothelial cells on angiogenesis in vivo. Endothelial cells obtained from thoracic aorta of male Wistar rats were cultured in thermoresponsive dishes, which are tissue culture polystyrene dishes bound with thermoresponsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide). Using the thermoresponsive dishes, a confluent layer of endothelial cells can be detached as an intact sheet by low temperature treatment. The obtained sheets of cultured endothelial cells were grafted to 3 x 3 cm full-thickness skin defects that had been made on the backs of rats in combination with either free skin grafts or artificial dermis grafts. Histologic examinations were performed. The findings showed that, with each of the grafting procedures, the number of vessels in a unit area (1.0 x 10(-4) mm2) was significantly larger in the group with transplantation of cultured endothelial cells. This result suggests that the cultured vascular endothelial cells exert an angiogenic effect at the graft site.
Animals↗
Catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular connection between right atrial appendage to right ventricle: a case report.
A 24-year-old woman had experienced frequent attacks of orthodromic AV reciprocating tachycardia. The polarity of the delta waves suggested a right anterior or anterolateral accessory pathway. After ablation at the tricuspid annulus was unsuccessful, earliest retrograde atrial activation was recorded on the floor of the right atrial appendage, 2 cm above the tricuspid ring. Application of radiofrequency energy at this site abolished accessory pathway conduction. This unusual accessory pathway, located between the floor of the right atrial appendage and the right ventricle, was amenable to radiofrequency catheter ablation from within the right atrial appendage.
Adult↗
A case of rapidly progressing small cell lung cancer incidentally found during the course of renal failure.
A 65-year-old man with rapidly progressing small cell lung cancer found in the course of renal failure is reported. The patient had a medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Hemodialysis was introduced following renal failure, but pneumonia resulted in a transient exacerbation and his complaint of general fatigue did not improve. Examination for the fatigue revealed no apparent abnormalities. Three months later, he died of small cell lung cancer.
Aged↗