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K Skaug

Publications and source records attributed to K Skaug.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Second-generation anti-HCV tests predict infectivity.

Twenty-four blood donors found positive for the first-generation hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) test (Ortho EIA-I) and 88 of their recipients over the period from 1972 to 1990 were retrospectively investigated with different first- and second-generation anti-HCV tests. The aim of the study was to identify the infective donors and to evaluate the tests. Seven donors, who probably were infective carriers of HCV, were also second-generation test (EIA-II) positive, compared to only 3 out of 17 noninfective donors. Among the infected recipients, 14 out of 29 (48%) were positive for the second-generation test only. The second-generation test identified the infective donors in our study and was more sensitive than the first-generation test. We therefore recommend that blood donors are screened with EIA-II. Positive test results should be confirmed by the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-II), and persons with positive or not conclusive RIBA-II should not be accepted as blood donors.

Blood↗
PubMed1991

[Viral hepatitis and blood transfusion].

Our findings show that hepatitis B-virus was transmitted by blood from two hepatitis B-surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative but hepatitis B-coreantibody (anti-HBc)-positive donors. Blood donors and recipients were also tested for antibodies against the recently identified hepatitis C-virus (HCV). We found that two anti-HCV-positive donors with no known history of clinical hepatitis were chronic, infective carriers of HCV. The prevalence of anti-HCV in our blood donor population was 0.47% and ALT and anti-HBc testing was of no help for tracing the anti-HCV positives. We recommend that, in addition to HBsAg screening at each donation, donors are tested for anti-HBc and anti-HCV once. Individuals with a history of parenteral virus hepatitis should not be accepted as blood donors.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1991

Infective, chronic carriers of hepatitis C virus among blood donors with no history of clinical hepatitis.

We investigated the infectivity of three hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) positive blood donors with either hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) (Nos 1 and 2) or raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (No. 3). The 57 recipients of blood products from these donors during the period 1971-1990 were identified and the living 23 were tested for anti-HCV. Among these, 11 out of 14 (78%) recipients from Nos 1 and 2, and 1 out of 9 (11%) recipients from No. 3 were anti-HCV positive. The former donors had high titres of anti-C100-3 and high rating scores in the HCV recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). They were evidently infective, chronic carriers of HCV but had no clinical signs or medical history of hepatitis. The latter donor had low titres of anti-C100-3 and a low RIBA rating score. She had clinical signs of chronic hepatitis and persistently elevated ALT, but only one of her recipients was anti-HCV positive.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1990

Posttransfusion hepatitis B transmitted by blood from a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis B virus carrier.

A female blood donor at our institution was implicated in three cases of clinical posttransfusion hepatitis B. She had given blood 25 times in 8 years. Twenty-seven recipients were followed up, and about one-half of those who were still living had serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The donor was repeatedly negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody, but she had high titers of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. We conclude that blood from this HBsAg-negative blood donor was capable of transmitting hepatitis B.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1990

Performance of six different commercial assays to demonstrate antibodies to HIV-2 among immigrants from high-endemic areas.

Four HIV-2 and 8 HIV-1 infections were detected when serum specimens from 422 persons from high-endemic areas were examined with 6 different commercial ELISA tests. 41 specimens showed a positive result in at least one of the assays. 12 of these were confirmed as anti-HIV positive. One of the anti-HIV-2 specimens was negative in the Abbott recombinant HIV-1 test but positive in the ELAVIA II and the 4 HIV-1/HIV-2 combination tests. The 4 HIV-2 positive individuals originated from West Africa.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1990

The early introduction of HIV infection among Norwegians at highest risk.

Patients with acute hepatitis B and hepatitis non-A non-B-like illness seen between 1981 and 1984 were chosen for the study of the introduction of HIV among persons at highest risk for HIV infection in Norway. HIV was introduced into these risk groups in 1982, but the prevalence of HIV seropositivity increased only slightly during the following 2 years.

HIV Antibodies↗
PubMed1988

HIV and hepatitis B infection in an international cohort of dental hygienists.

The risk for dental hygienists to contract HIV and hepatitis B infection at work was studied in an international cohort of 167 dental hygienists from 13 countries. A significant proportion of the hygienists had taken care of HIV-positive patients or patients known to be at risk for contracting HIV infection. None of the hygienists had antibodies to HIV. Five hygienists who came from or worked in high-endemic areas for hepatitis B infection had antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, consistent with previous infection with hepatitis B virus. The study is in agreement with previous reports on blood-borne infections among health care workers, concluding that the risk for dental hygienists of contracting HIV and hepatitis B infection is minimal.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

HIV infection in Norwegian haemophiliacs: the prevalence of antibodies against HIV in haemophiliacs treated with lyophilized cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors.

334 of 389 (86%) registered Norwegians with coagulation factor defects were screened for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1985/1986. 21 persons were confirmed anti-HIV positive. They were all persons with clinically severe haemophilia A and represent 18.4% of 114 tested persons with severe haemophilia A. 3 patients have developed AIDS, 3 have persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. At least 8 of the 21 seropositive persons (38%) have been infected through lyophilized cryoprecipitates prepared from volunteer plasma donated in national blood banks. None of 10 heterosexual partners have antibodies to HIV. We conclude that the policy of using small-pooled lyophilized cryoprecipitates instead of commercial concentrates has reduced HIV-infection among Norwegian haemophiliacs. Today, the prevalence of HIV antibodies in the haemophilia population in Norway is among the lowest in Western Europe.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to chlamydial and herpesvirus antigens in patients with cervical carcinoma.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are both discussed in the etiology of cervical carcinoma. In this study the antibody titers and the T-cell proliferative responses to chlamydial and HSV antigens in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer, have been investigated and compared. The patients with CIN and invasive cancer showed approximately the same degree of immune responses to chlamydial and HSV antigens. Of the patients, 58% showed proliferative T-cell responses to C. trachomatis antigen, 87% to HSV antigens. Chlamydial antibodies were detected in 65% of the patients, while 81% had a positive HSV serology. Our results show a lack of correlation between levels of antibody titer and T-cell responses. It is concluded that patients with CIN and invasive cervical cancer have intact cellular immune responses to both chlamydial and HSV antigens. The eventual role of these infections in the etiology remains unclear.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes by human T-lymphocyte clones.

T cells primed to Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, F, and K were cloned by limiting dilution. All T-lymphocyte clones obtained reacted only with C. trachomatis antigens. The proliferative capacity of 89 clones was studied with autologous non-T cells as antigen-presenting cells and the chlamydia serotypes A, B, D, F, K, and LGV-2 as antigens. Most of the clones reacted to several of the chlamydia strains, indicating common antigenic determinants. Other T-cell clones reacted with only a few serotypes. On the basis of the proliferation of the T-cell clones to the chlamydia strains and to interleukin-2, different reactivity patterns were obtained, which possibly can be used to differentiate among the chlamydia strains.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗