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Biomedical subjects

K Singh

Publications and source records attributed to K Singh.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Splenic hamartoma with portal hypertension: a case report.

A case of splenic hamartoma arising from the upper pole of the spleen and presenting with upper abdominal pain, ascites and pedal edema is presented. Splenectomy was performed. The histopathology, revealed splenic hamartoma of pulposal type.

Hamartoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of antacid gel preparations available commercially in the Indian market.

A scoring system based on the neutralising capacity, cost efficiency and time of buffering of twenty four commercially available antacid gels was analysed. A gel scoring eight out of the ten points was considered as the best antacid. The study provides a practical guide in choosing a quick neutralizing and low cost antacid gel.

Antacids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of smoking on QT interval, QT dispersion and rate pressure product.

BACKGROUND: Smoking may predispose to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death by altering ventricular recovery time dispersion indices. However, effect of acute smoking on QT interval and QT dispersion in chronic smokers has not been studied so far. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effect of cigarette smoking on ventricular recovery time dispersion indices and rate pressure product (product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure) was investigated in 25 chronic smokers and compared with 25 age- and sex-matched non-smoker controls. There was increase in R-R interval (p<0.05). corrected QT interval, QT dispersion (p<0.001) and rate pressure product (p<0.05) in chronic smokers at baseline (before smoking) compared to non-smoker controls. On cigarette smoking, there was further increase in heart rate, blood pressure, QT dispersion and rate pressure product (p<0.001) with reduction in R-R interval (p<0.05) in chronic smokers compared to non-smoker controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations indicate that there may be some relationship between prolonged ventricular recovery time dispersion indices and ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death associated with smoking.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of in vivo hepatic extraction ratio from in vitro metabolism by rat hepatocytes.

Using isolated rat hepatocytes, the in vitro intrinsic hepatic clearance of three drugs, namely, antipyrine (AP), propranolol (P), and CGS 13429 was determined. The hepatic extraction ratios of AP, P, and CGS 13429 were then calculated to be 0.10, 0.90, and 0.88, respectively. To determine the in vivo hepatic extraction ratio in the rat, AP, P, or CGS 13429 was infused separately at a rate of 40, 20, and 20 micrograms/min.kg, via jugular and hepatic portal veins. The steady state plasma levels of AP, P, and CGS 13429 were 5.30 +/- 0.33 micrograms/ml, 608 +/- 76 and 380 +/- 46 ng/ml after jugular vein (iv) infusions, and 4.96 +/- 0.46 micrograms/ml, 162 +/- 26, and 148 +/- 23 ng/ml after hepatic portal vein (hpv) infusions, respectively. The blood to plasma ratios of AP, P, and CGS 13429 were 1.0, 0.78, and 1.0, respectively. The in vivo hepatic extraction ratio, calculated as (Css,iv--Css,hpv)/Css,iv from steady state blood levels following iv and hpv infusions for AP, P, and CGS 13429, were 0.065, 0.73, and 0.61, respectively. These results suggest that in vitro metabolism studies by hepatocytes may have potential application, during drug discovery, to distinguish drugs of low and high metabolic hepatic extraction ratio in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Garlic hepatotoxicity: safe dose of garlic.

Information on the effect of garlic on the liver and optimal dose of garlic to avoid liver damage is not known. This study was planned to determine the safe dose of garlic. Male wistar rats (110-170g) were fed fresh garlic homogenate (FSH) orally in three different doses (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg body weight/day) daily for 28 days. Liver histology, serum transaminases, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were estimated at 0, 14, 21 and 28 days in control and experimental animals. 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg body weight/day of garlic showed significant (P<0.001) deterioration in liver function tests (LFT's) after 21, 14 and 7 days respectively. A 1.0 g/kg body weight/day dose of garlic was associated with marked histological damage in liver after 21 days. Therefore, three lower doses of garlic (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg body weight/day) were given orally to another group of similar rats to determine the safe dose of garlic. LFT's were serially measured and animals were sacrificed on the 29th day of experiment. All three lower doses showed significant deterioration in the LFT's values of animals after 28 days of feeding the freshly prepared garlic homogenate. Both doses of garlic i.e. 0.1 and 0.25 g/kg body weight/day were associated with normal histology of liver, but 0.5 g/kg body weight/day dose of garlic showed morphological changes in the liver of one animal. Therefore, the present study suggests that garlic with high dose has the potential ability to induce liver damage and low doses (0.1 or 0.25 g / kg body weight/day) are safe doses of garlic.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modified classification of xerophthalmia.

"There are many classifications of xerophthalmia in existence. In the present study all these classification have been exhaustively reviewed. Many objections to previous classifications have been raised following experiences with these classifications for over six years. Based on these objections a self explanatory, easy to remember and modified classification has been proposed, which will be of use in wider areas."

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic removal of duodenal bruneroma.

A case of a pedunculated Brunner's gland hamartoma of the duodenum is presented. It was resected endoscopically with complete resolution of symptoms on long term follow-up. The pathological features of the tumour and the therapeutic approaches are discussed with particular reference to endoscopic resection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics and enterohepatic circulation of 2-n-propyl-4-pentenoic acid in the rat.

The pharmacokinetics of 4-ene-valproic acid (4-ene-VPA), a putative hepatotoxic metabolite of the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA), were studied in normal and bile-exteriorized rats. A single iv bolus dose of 20 or 100 mg/kg of 4-ene-VPA was administered to each rat. Plasma decline of 4-ene-VPA was apparently monoexponential at the low dose and nonlinear at the high dose. In normal rats, 4-ene-VPA was recycled in the plasma due to enterohepatic circulation (EHC). A time lag pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the plasma profile, including the appearance of a secondary plasma peak, in normal animals receiving the low dose of 4-ene-VPA. Total apparent plasma clearance was 8.67 ml/min.kg at the low dose and 5.89 ml/min.kg at the high dose. EHC was abolished in bile-exteriorized animals. In these rats, the apparent plasma elimination half-life increased from 12.7 to 18.8 min and plasma clearance decreased from 11.4 to 7.41 ml/min.kg with a 5-fold increase in the dose. 4-ene-VPA was largely eliminated in urine and bile as conjugates. In normal rats, 22% and 28% of the low and high dose, respectively, were eliminated in urine. Approximately 29% of the low dose and 21% of the high dose were recovered in bile of the rat. Like the parent drug VPA, 4-ene VPA induced dose-dependent choleresis in the rat. The pharmacokinetics of 4-ene-VPA in the rat were similar to those reported for VPA.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphocytic infiltration of skin of Jessner-Kanof masquerading as borderline leprosy.

A case of pseudolymphoma from India is being reported which had been masquerading for quite some time as a case of borderline leprosy. The patient has been having for the past 16 years, recurrent, occasionally pruritic, multiple, bilateral, erythematous papules and plaques, which on casual examination elsewhere had suggested leprosy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones with and without gall bladder/'T' tube 'in situ'.

Eighty-seven patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for common bile duct (CBD) stones. Out of these, 66 patients had post-cholecystectomy CBD stones and 21 had CBD stones with gall bladder 'in situ'. In post-cholecystectomy group, 15 patients had 'T' Tube 'in situ'. The presenting symptoms in the post-cholecystectomy group were: pain abdomen, jaundice and cholangitis in 51, 20 and 11 patients respectively. The fifteen patients with 'T' tube used to experience pain after clamping of 'T' tube. Those with gall bladder 'in situ' had cholangitis in 12 and jaundice only in 9 patients. CBD clearance was achieved in 80 patients (91.95%). The sphincterotomy cut had to be extended in 19 patients. There was no mortality following sphincterotomy. Nine patients (10.3%) had minor complications such as bleeding (4), cholangitis (3), pancreatitis and impaction of Dormia basket in one patient each. Thus ES is a safe and effective treatment for CBD stones with or without gall bladder/'T' tube 'in situ'.

Adult↗