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Biomedical subjects

K Singh

Publications and source records attributed to K Singh.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

Pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion treated by endoscopic pancreatic stent placement.

Usefulness of endoscopic pancreatic stents in the management of pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion has been evaluated only recently. We report a patient with alcoholic pancreatitis who presented with ascites and pleural effusion and had a pancreatic duct disruption in the body area on pancreaticography. A 5 F stent was placed across the disruption with rapid subsidence of both ascites and pleural effusion. The stent was removed after 12 weeks and there has been no recurrence during a follow-up period of 9 months.

Alcoholism↗

Serum adenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase & alkaline phosphatase in breast cancer patients.

Serum levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), 5-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were studied in 25 patients of carcinoma breast and 25 normal subjects. Adenosine deaminase was found to be the better probable parameter for the detection of cancer and to assess the development of various stages of cancer whereas 5'-nucleotidase had only diagnostic significance. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were important for assessing the spread of cancer at secondary sites. After mastectomy a significant decrease was found in the levels of serum ADA and 5'-NT whereas no variations were found in case of serum ALP.

5'-Nucleotidase↗

Airway response to acid instillation in esophagus in bronchial asthma.

OBJECTIVE: An increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux has been reported in patients with bronchial asthma. We studied the pulmonary effects of acid instillation in the esophagus. METHODS: Fifteen patients with bronchial asthma and 15 healthy adults in the age group 15-50 years were studied. The control subjects were first screened for bronchial hyperreactivity by a methacholine challenge test. Patients and controls were both subjected to modified Bernstein test. Spirometry was done at baseline and after each instillation of either acid or saline. Respiratory and reflux symptoms were noted after each infusion and antacid administration. RESULTS: Five patients and one control subject had history of reflux symptoms (p < 0.05) and six patients had nocturnal asthma. There was a significant fall in FEV1/FVC after acid infusion patients; this improved significantly after antacid administration. All six patients with nocturnal asthma had respiratory signs or symptoms and had more than 20% fall in FEV1 on acid instillation in the esophagus, while none in the control group developed the same. CONCLUSIONS: Gastroesophageal reflux occurs more frequently in patients with bronchial asthma and acid instillation in the esophagus triggers bronchoconstriction.

Adult↗

Effect of sucralfate on gastric bicarbonate secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.

BACKGROUND: Sucralfate is known to protect gastroduodenal mucosa and thereby facilitate healing of peptic ulcer. The mechanism of action of this drug is still not fully known. METHODS: We studied the effect of sucralfate treatment on gastric bicarbonate secretion in 16 patients with duodenal ulcer. RESULTS: Sucralfate administration (3 g daily for 4 weeks) stimulated bicarbonate secretion from 3.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/h to 4.6 +/- 2.0 mmol/h (p < 0.05). Gastric juice volume as well as non-parietal volume secretion also increased significantly after sucralfate therapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sucralfate causes stimulation of non-parietal volume-dependent gastric bicarbonate secretion.

Adult↗

Sigmoido-rectal intussusception.

Sigmoido-rectal intussusception is the least common type of intussusception seen in infants and children and is therefore usually misdiagnosed as rectal prolapse. Delay in diagnosis and treatment is due to lack of its awareness amongst surgeons, incomplete assessment of the prolapsed bowel at the anal orifice, and absence of classical traid of intussusception i.e. palpable abdominal mass, colicky abdominal pain, and bleeding per rectum.

Child↗

Single cell protein: a promising dietary substitute.

Promises and limitations in exploitation of microorganisms for single cell protein (SCP) production have been reviewed. Various aspects discussed include global protein problem, microbes as potential sources of food and feed with its advantages and disadvantages, salient features in selection of microorganisms for SCP production, production of SCP from petroleum based hydrocarbons, renewable raw materials like agricultural and forestry residues, industrial by-products and wastes, nutritional and safety evaluation of SCP, ways of improving SCP production, economics of SCP production and the present status of SCP in India.

Bacterial Proteins↗

Advances in computer technology: impact on the practice of medicine.

Advances in computer technology provide a wide range of applications which are revolutionizing the practice of medicine. The development of new software for the office creates a web of communication among physicians, staff members, health care facilities and associated agencies. This provides the physician with the prospect of a paperless office. At the other end of the spectrum, the development of 3D work stations and software based on computational chemistry permits visualization of protein molecules involved in disease. Computer assisted molecular modeling has been used to construct working 3D models of lens alpha-crystallin. The 3D structure of alpha-crystallin is basic to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in lens fiber cell maturation, stabilization of the inner nuclear region, the maintenance of lens transparency and cataractogenesis. The major component of the high molecular weight aggregates that occur during cataractogenesis is alpha-crystallin subunits. Subunits of alpha-crystallin occur in other tissues of the body. In the central nervous system accumulation of these subunits in the form of dense inclusion bodies occurs in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis and toxoplasmosis (Iwaki, Wisniewski et al., 1992), as well as neoplasms of astrocyte origin (Iwaki, Iwaki, et al., 1991). Also cardiac ischemia is associated with an increased alpha B synthesis (Chiesi, Longoni et al., 1990). On a more global level, the molecular structure of alpha-crystallin may provide information pertaining to the function of small heat shock proteins, hsp, in maintaining cell stability under the stress of disease.

Computer Graphics↗

Effect of cimetidine on weight gain in rats.

Effect on food intake and body weight was studied in rats after oral administration of cimetidine. Rats in experimental (E) group exhibited less increase in food intake (20%) compared to control (C) rats (43.8%). Mean body weight showed first reduction (-9.56%) and then very small increment in experimental animals compared to gradual gain in body weight in control animals. At the end of 6 weeks, total gain in body weight was 22.5 gm in rats of E group against 53.8 gm in rats of C group. Food efficiency ratio (FER) showed much reduction (1.13) in E group against 2.07 in C group. These results demonstrate that cimetidine (H2-receptor blocker) may have ability to reduce food intake and body weight in rats.

Animals↗

Pregnancy associated anemia and iron: a pilot study.

Iron deficiency occurs when the rate of loss of utilization exceeds its assimilation. Treatment is based on iron supplementation but due to side effects compliance to iron therapy is poor. A double blind comparative study was done using a novel time release preparation of ferrous sulphate (Code A) v.s. sustained release ferrous sulphate preparation (Code B) on 60 pregnant women in mid or late pregnancy with anaemia. The amount of ferrous sulphate in Code A was less than half of Code B. The patients were sequentially randomised as Code A or Code B recipient. The non compliance rate was 33%, and for both Code A & Code B. The mean improvement in hemoglobin after 4 weeks of therapy was 2.01 gm% for Code A and 2.3 gm% for Code B. Iron absorption as evidenced by improvement in S. Iron, TIBC and ferritin levels was better with Code A. The improvement in subjective symptoms of anaemia was better than average in Code B preparation. Code A group had comparatively more side effects both major and minor, this may have been the reason for a slightly higher drop out rate in this group. In conclusion the timed release preparation has a comparable haematological response and better absorption with significantly lower doses as compared to the sustained release preparation.

Adult↗

Regulation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor mRNA levels by hypertrophic stimuli in neonatal and adult rat cardiac myocytes.

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a recently characterized member of the EGF family of peptide signaling factors that acts as an early response gene to growth stimuli in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as being a potent mitogen for these cells. As many of these growth stimuli also induce a hypertrophic response in heart muscle, we examined the regulation of HB-EGF mRNA abundance and function in primary cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM). HB-EGF mRNA levels increased 40- and 6-fold in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and ARVM, respectively, following a 2-4-h exposure to the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, a known hypertrophic stimulus for these cells. Phenylephrine had no effect on HB-EGF mRNA stability, and induction of HB-EGF could be blocked completely by actinomycin D. HB-EGF mRNA abundance was also increased 15-fold in ARVM maintained in defined medium that had been induced to contract at 3 Hz by continual uniform electric field stimulation, a mechanical stimulus that we have shown preserves contractile function and induces cell growth in vitro. To determine whether cardiac myocytes would respond to exogenous HB-EGF, quiescent ARVM were exposed to defined medium conditioned by transfected COS MT cells overexpressing HB-EGF. These myocytes exhibited nearly a 2-fold increase in protein content at 24 h compared with unstimulated control ARVM exposed to medium conditioned by COS cells transfected with the plasmid vector alone. Thus, neonatal and adult cardiac muscle cells respond to both neurohumoral and mechanical growth stimuli with a marked increase in HB-EGF mRNA, which may act as an early response gene to facilitate hypertrophic growth in these cells.

Age Factors↗

Inhibition of glucose transport in human erythrocytes by 2,3-dioxoindole (isatin).

10 mM isatin (2,3-dioxoindole) inhibited glucose influx into human erythrocytes by over 30%. The inhibition is of the competitive type, where the affinity constant (Kt) was increased from 5.71 (control) to 11.11 mM in the presence of isatin with no change in Vmax (130 nmol/min/ml packed cells). The observed inhibition of sugar transport by isatin was not mediated through membrane -SH groups accessible to iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, DTNB, DNP or sodium arsenite. Isatin inhibited sugar transport in the presence of 2 mM harmaline, an alkaloid inhibitor of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. The inhibition was non additive which suggests that these two compounds interact with the same or a similar site on the erythrocyte membrane.

Arsenites↗

Posttranscriptional regulation of Id1 activity in cardiac muscle. Alternative splicing of novel Id1 transcript permits homodimerization.

The transcriptional regulatory protein Id, a negatively trans-acting protein with a helix-loop-helix motif that is expressed in many proliferating tissues early in development, continues to be expressed in postmitotic adult cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle. Following the observation of a "doublet" band of 1.1 and 1.25 kilobases on Northern hybridizations of Id1 cDNA with mRNA isolated from both cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle cells, we identified and sequenced an alternatively spliced Id1 gene product containing an insert of 214 base pairs within the coding domain of the original Id1 cDNA. A protein with a molecular mass corresponding to that predicted by the Id1.25-kilobase mRNA sequence could be identified on immunoblots of cell lysates from neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes. The insert appears to be a "coding intron," based on the presence of intron-exon consensus sequences at the insert boundaries and the presence of the originally described Id1 carboxyl-terminal coding sequence immediately downstream from, and out of frame with, this insert. In contrast to Id1 and Id2, which do not form homodimers, the carboxyl-terminal sequence of this alternatively spliced Id1 transcript, termed Id1.25, permits homodimerization. Thus, alternative splicing of Id1 may allow for tissue-specific expression of Id1, while formation of homodimers could provide a post-translational mechanism to regulate the ability of Id1.25 to bind and inactivate E2A gene products.

Alternative Splicing↗

Occurrence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in imported cereals in Papua, New Guinea.

A preliminary survey for the natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins--nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN)--in cereals imported mostly from Australia to Papua, New Guinea (PNG) in 1991 was carried out by TLC, GLC, and HPLC analysis. The data have revealed various kinds of cereals and cereal flours, such as wholemeal flour, millet meal, corn flour, brown trukai rice, and others, were significantly contaminated with these mycotoxins in various concentrations. Among these Fusarium mycotoxins, the level of ZEN was surprisingly high. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in PNG cereals.

Chromatography, Gas↗

Fate of wheat bound malathion residues in rats during gestation.

Malathion [S-1,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate], treated wheat when stored for 28 months at 20 degrees C with or without food grade white mineral oil on grains contained about 62 and 79% of the applied insecticide as bound residues, respectively. These bound residues were present mainly in the form of the parent compound. The stored wheat containing bound malathion residues, as well as wheat material freshly spiked with malathion were fed to rats during gestation. No residues of malathion and/or metabolites were detected in urine, feces and body tissues. Further no significant effect on body weight, serum chemistry and cytochrome P450 levels were observed in the mothers. There was no evidence for the histopathological alteration or teratogenic anomalies in the fetuses. However, placental transfer of malathion was indicated by the presence of the insecticide residues in fetuses from rats fed wheat material containing bound residues.

Animals↗