Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Simpson.
This study, conducted in acute care hospitals, supports and expands previous findings that delegation of responsibility and authority in the nursing service hierarchy is related to known factors affecting quality of patient care. Quality health care is improved if staff nurses are given autonomy and are expected to function at the level for which they have been prepared.
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Ribosomes are heterogeneous for neutrons because RNA and proteins have different neutron-scattering-length densities. This heterogeneity is an obstacle to the shape determination of single ribosomal components within the ribosome. Therefore, we homogenized (matched) the neutron-scattering-length densities of RNA and proteins. 23S and 5S RNA from the large ribosomal subunit were isolated from cells grown in a medium containing 76% 2H2O. The total protein fraction of the large ribosomal subunit was isolated from cells grown in a medium containing 84% 2H2O. When these constituents were used for total reconstitution of 50S subunits, neutron scattering measurements of the reconstituted particles revealed excellent matching near 100% 2H2O. A three-step reconstitution procedure was developed that allowed the reconstitution of 50S subunits from deuterated RNA, deuterated total (i.e., unfractionated) proteins, and single protonated proteins. The reconstituted particles contain one protonated protein or two in a matched ribosomal matrix and were used for shape determination or distance measurement of mass centers of gravity, respectively. The signal/noise ratio is high enough to allow measurement in solutions containing nearly 100% 2H2O at concentrations of only 300-500 A260 nm units/ml. Our experiments have proved the feasibility of our biochemical strategy. The shape determinations of ribosomal proteins in situ gave radii of gyration for L1, L3, L4, and L23 of 26 +/- 2, 22 +/- 2, 20 +/- 2, and 13 +/- 2 A, respectively.
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This investigation extends our knowledge of the size of British born Asian babies compared with those of white Caucasian origin. Seventy Leicester born term Asian babies at birth were lighter, shorter, leaner and had smaller heads than their white Caucasian counterparts. The Asian mothers were shorter and lighter at the start of pregnancy but their weight/height2 index was the same. With the appreciation that the Asian population in Britain is far from homogenous in regard to religion, diet and country of origin, it is concluded that the smaller size at birth of Asian babies is unlikely to be due to undernutrition of their mothers in pregnancy. Genetic factors, as indicated by the shorter stature of the mothers are more likely to be responsible. These findings have implications for obstetric and paediatric practices.
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The usual methods for provitamin A evaluation of foods convert the total pigment amount, determined spectrophotometrically, into vitamin A units. Since the totally inactive lycopene is the major carotenoid in the tomato, such readings result in erroneously high provitamin A values. In view of the recent development of chemically bonded, reversed-phase, microparticulate packings and their use in high-performance liquid chromatography which combines highly accurate and reproducible resolution with the speed and ease of operation, a new method using such a system was developed to isolate carotenoid pigments from tomato samples. A 15-min column separation was thus achieved, dramatically decreasing the analysis time of the classical open column chromatographic procedures, which often result in unresolved and altered fractions due to long-term exposure to oxygen, light, solvents and sometimes adsorbent. beta-Carotene and lycopene were determined and quantitated in six tomato samples. beta-Carotene, 100% vitamin A-active, was expressed in International Units of vitamin A. The newly developed method gives a more reliable evaluation of the fruit potency in vitamin A than the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists currently used for food composition tables.
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Myotonic dystrophy should be included in the differential diagnosis of neonatal respiratory failure accompanied by hypotonia. The effect of this disorder in an infant who died from it 49 hours after birth is described, and the importance of examining the mother of a possible case is emphasized.
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