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Biomedical subjects

K Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to K Shoji.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Vocal fold atrophy and its surgical treatment.

The effectiveness of surgical treatment for vocal fold atrophy of various causes was examined. Type I thyroplasty was performed on 31 patients with vocal fold atrophy, often bilaterally and occasionally combined with type III thyroplasty. Of these 31 patients, 3 patients underwent the operation twice, for a total of 34 operations. The surgery was found to be effective in improving the voice quality and the ease of phonation. When a scar or sulcus was present, the results were not as satisfactory. The intraoperative decision-making process as to which procedure to perform is extremely important for achieving an optimal voice, and should be based on the intraoperative voice quality, fiberoptic findings, and manual tests. In operations for vocal fold atrophy in which the vocal folds are mobile, a silicone shim should be firmly fixed to prevent migration. Overcorrection is generally recommended. No complications were encountered. It was often the increased ease of phonation rather than the improved voice quality that patients appreciated after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Omohyoid muscle transposition for the treatment of bowed vocal fold.

Imperfect glottal closure is usually the most important factor causing dysphonia in patients with bowing of the vocal folds. We have performed laryngeal framework surgery, which allows the medialization of the vocal folds from the outside without creating any scar tissue on them. Over the past 6 years, however, we encountered three cases with marked bowing of the vocal folds that could not be cured by laryngeal framework surgery alone. We used an open laryngeal procedure in these cases, even though such procedures had been considered contraindicated in the treatment of hoarseness. After performing a laryngofissure, we made a small pocket beneath the vocal fold mucosa at the anterior commissure. The superiorly based omohyoid muscle flap was then transposed into the mucosal pocket and sutured to the vocal process. This procedure should be considered an option in treating highly bowed vocal folds.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of fatty acids on accumulation and secretion of histamine in RBL-2H3 cells and leukotriene release from peritoneal exudate cells isolated from Wistar rats.

Effects of fatty acids on accumulation and secretion of histamine in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells and leukotriene release from peritoneal exudate cells isolated from Wistar rats were examined in relation to the manifestation of type I allergic reactions. When RBL-2H3 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of 1 mM short chain fatty acids, a marked increase in histamine accumulation was observed, especially with butyric acid. In addition, Ca-ionophore A23187-stimulated histamine release was enhanced in the cells treated with 0.1 mM mono to hexa unsaturated fatty acids with 18 to 22 carbon-chains. On the other hand, LTB4 release from rat peritoneal exudate cells was inhibited in the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, both n-6 and n-3, having more than 3 double bonds. Inhibitory activity was enhanced by an increase in the number of double bonds, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerted the highest activity with complete inhibition at 0.1 mM and 35.5% inhibition even at 10 microM. A hydrophobic radical scavenger (9,10-diphenylanthracene) and two antioxidants (butyrated hydroxytoluene and alpha-tocopherol) inhibited the production of LTB4, but hydrophilic counterparts (mannitol and ascorbic acid) did not. These results suggest that lipophilic anti-oxidative agents, as well as PUFA, inhibit the production of LTB4.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pulmonary metastasis of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary gland.

A surgical case of pulmonary metastases of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) originating from the minor salivary gland in the soft palate in a 62-year-old woman is reported. PLGA has been to be a locally invasive carcinoma without distant metastases; thus our case is the first reported case with histologically-proven distant metastases to the lung. We emphasise that attention should be paid to distant metastases especially to the lung even in case of PLGA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Inhibitory effects of a bisphosphonate (risedronate) on experimental periodontitis in rats.

The present study was designed to examine whether systemic administration of a bisphosphonate, risedronate, could prevent alveolar bone resorption in rats with experimental periodontitis. On Day 1, an elastic ring was placed around the neck of the right mandibular 1st molar to induce inflammatory periodontitis. The animals were given daily injections of either 0.9% NaCl (control group), or 0.8, 1.6 or 3.2 mumoles/kg (s.c.) of risedronate (experimental groups) from Days 1 to 7, and were killed on Day 8. Histological examinations and determination of bone mineral density in the interdental area between the 1st and 2nd molars with an image analyzer revealed that the presence of the elastic ring induced a loss of attachment and bone resorption in the control group. Vigorous bone resorption, with appearance of a large number of osteoclasts, was observed in the interdental and bifurcation areas. In the experimental groups, however, the resorption of alveolar bone and the loss of bone mineral content in these areas were prevented in a dose-dependent fashion, especially at doses of 1.6 and 3.2 mumoles/kg. Many osteoclasts were detached from the surface of the alveolar bone and had degenerated appearances, such as rounded shapes, loss of polarity and pyknosis. These results suggest that administration of risedronate is effective in preventing bone resorption in periodontitis.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of a suppressor mutation ssb (kinC) of sur0B20 (spo0A) mutation in Bacillus subtilis reveals that kinC encodes a histidine protein kinase.

sur0B20 is a mutation that suppresses the effects of spo0B delta B or spo0F221 mutations in Bacillus subtilis, sur0B20 is an allele of the spo0A gene (Glu-14 to Val-14 conversion) and restores the sporulation of spo0B or spo0F mutants to the wild-type level. Here, we report the isolation of suppressor mutations of sur0B20 (ssb). One of these mutations, ssb-12, severely impairs the suppressor activity of sur0B20. A 2.5-kbp MboI fragment which complements the ssb-12 mutation was cloned by the prophage transformation method using phi CM as a vector. Nucleotide sequencing of the fragment revealed two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2). Gene disruption and complementation experiments showed that orf2 is the ssb gene. ssb was shown to encode a protein with a molecular weight of 48,846 (428 amino acid residues) showing strong similarity to transmitter kinases, especially KinA, of two-component regulatory systems. Therefore, ssb was renamed kinC. Deletion of kinC had no observable effect on sporulation. kinC transcription was induced at the onset of sporulation, probably from a sigma A-dependent promoter, and its expression was shut off at T3. DNase I protection experiments showed that the Spo0A protein binds to two adjoining sites in the kinC promoter region with different affinities. These results suggest that kinC expression might be regulated by Spo0A.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Role of antigen-antibody reaction in pulmonary hypertensive reaction after antigen challenge].

Pulmonary arterial pressure, airway pressure, and lung weight increase were studied after antigen (human O-N type erythrocytes) challenge in isolated-perfused sensitized rabbit lungs. To investigate whether these hemodynamic changes are mainly caused by antigen-antibody reaction or by the other mechanisms, we measured changes of pulmonary arterial and airway pressures, and lung weight gain after antigen challenge in perfused nonsensitized rabbit lungs. Thirteen nonsensitized rabbits were divided into 2 groups; in N group (n = 5), antigen was given into Krebs Hanseleit perfusate; in Ab group (n = 8), antibody was given into reservoir 30 min prior to antigen challenge. Pulmonary arterial pressure in Ab group was higher than in N group after antigen challenge. Maximal increase in pulmonary arterial pressure after antigen challenge depended on agglutinin titer of antibody in perfusate (delta Ppa = 0.068 x [titer]-0.146, r2 = 0.929). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in changes of airway pressure and lung weight gain after antigen challenge. Although agglutinin titer of perfusate in Ab group was higher than our previous study, pulmonary hypertensive reaction to antigen in Ab group was significantly lower. It is concluded that the other mechanism besides antigen-antibody reaction itself can be responsible for hemodynamic changes after antigen challenge.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1995

Does transurethral resection of the prostate pose a risk to life? 22-year outcome.

The clinical outcomes of 717 patients who underwent transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia between 1971 and 1981, and of 48 who underwent open prostatectomy during the same period were evaluated. All living patients could be followed for a minimum of 12 years postoperatively. The cumulative percentage of patients undergoing a secondary operation was substantially greater after transurethral resection of the prostate than after open prostatectomy. The volume of resected tissue, operating time, requirement for blood transfusion and hyponatremia during or after the procedure did not affect long-term outcome of patients in the transurethral resection group. Abnormal preoperative electrocardiography and azotemia appeared to be associated with increased risk of postoperative mortality after controlling for other variables (p < 0.05). Actuarial survival rates did not differ substantially for patients who underwent transurethral resection and open prostatectomy, and exceeded the expected survival rates in the general male population in the same age group in Japan. Both procedures are safe for the symptomatic relief of urinary obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatectomy does not jeopardize long-term survival of the patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of thromboxane on pulmonary arterial response to platelet activating factor in rabbit].

The aim of this study is to clarify whether thromboxane mediates hemodynamic and airway changes induced by PAF in rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 4 groups. In No group rabbits (n = 5), PAF was intravenously injected. In Indo group rabbits (n = 5), indomethacin was infused intravenously 20 min prior to PAF administration. In KT2 group rabbits (n = 4), selective thromboxane antagonist; KT2-962, or in CV group rabbits (n = 3), selective PAF antagonist; CV6209 was injected intravenously 5 min prior to PAF administration. After PAF administration, pulmonary arterial and airway pressures increased transiently, and blood pressure, and leukocyte as well as platelet counts decreased. These hemodynamic and airway changes induced by PAF were almost totally blocked by CV6209 administration, but not by indomethacin and KT2-962 administrations. Similarly, decreases in leukocyte and platelet counts induced by PAF were blocked by CV6209 and KT2-962, but not by indomethacin. We conclude that thromboxane does not mediate hemodynamic and airway changes induced by PAF. PAF is likely to directly induce these changes.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, KT2-962 on pulmonary hypertensive responses to antigen challenge in isolated sensitized rabbit lung].

We investigated whether KT2-962 (thromboxane H2/A2 receptor antagonist) could attenuate increases in pulmonary arterial and airway pressures after antigen challenge in isolated-perfused sensitized rabbit lungs. Sensitized rabbits were immunized intravenously with human O-N type erythrocytes until the agglutination titer against antigen reached above 1:10,000. Nineteen rabbits were divided into three groups. In N group (n = 9), antigen was challenged into perfusate. In KT2 group (n = 5), 1 mg.kg-1 of KT2-962 was given into reservoir 10 min prior to antigen challenge. In Indo group (n = 5), 5 mg.kg-1 of indomethacin was given into reservoir 20 min prior to antigen challenge. Maximal increase in pulmonary arterial pressure after antigen challenge in N group was significantly higher than that in KT2 group or in Indo group (13.4 +/- 3.3 mmHg, 1.5 +/- 0.5mmHg, 1.5 +/- 0.2mmHg, respectively). Maximal increase in airway pressure in N group was higher than that in KT2 group or in Indo group (2.9 +/- 0.8cmH2O, 0.8 +/- 0.2cmH2O, 0.5 +/- 0.2cmH2O, respectively), but this was not significant. Pharmacological potential of KT2-962 to attenuate pulmonary hypertensive responses was estimated 50 times stronger than that of indomethacin. In conclusion, KT2-962 can exert therapeutic effect on pulmonary hypertensive responses induced by immunological reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Recovery from unconsciousness following severe hemodilution and hypotension caused by intraoperative massive hemorrhage: a case report].

A 75-year-old female with a history of cerebral infarction fell into sudden hypotension (mean blood pressure of around 46 mmHg) and severe anemia (hematocrit < or = 10%; minimum hemoglobin concentration of 2.0 g.dl-1) of approximately one hour due to massive hemorrhage during surgical removal of pheochromocytoma originated in the right adrenal gland. Nevertheless, she recovered from the unconsciousness after over 9 hours postoperatively. It is suggested that major reasons for her escaping from the brain damage, in spite of the low cerebral perfusion pressure, might be the decreased cerebral oxygen consumption due to the intraoperative mild hypothermia (31.5 degrees C) and the avoidance due to hemodilution of the extremely low cerebral blood flow.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Antigen-induced pulmonary arterial responses in the isolated perfused lung of sensitized rabbits].

To investigate whether blood components, such as complements, antibody, platelets and leukocytes, can play important roles in increasing pulmonary arterial and airway pressures after antigen challenge in sensitized rabbits, we measured the time course of pulmonary arterial pressure, airway pressure and lung weight gain after antigen challenge in isolated perfused rabbit lungs. Nineteen rabbits were divided into 3 groups; S group (n = 9), which was sensitized rabbit lung with antigen added into perfusate; NS group (n = 5), which was nonsensitized rabbit lung with antigen added into perfusate; S+R group (n = 5), which was sensitized rabbit lung with autologous erythrocytes added into perfusate. Although agglutinin titer in sensitized rabbits was more than 1: 10,000, that in the perfusate was less than 1:16. Pulmonary arterial and airway pressures significantly increased after antigen challenge in S group, while those in NS and S+R groups did not show any change. Also there were no significant changes in pulmonary arterial and airway pressures and lung weight gain in nonsensitized rabbit lungs of the same agglutinin titer as S group. Lung weight gain in S group was 2-4 times higher than that in S+R group after antigen challenge. We conclude that blood components, such as complements, antibody, platelets and leukocytes, do not play important roles on antigen induced pulmonary responses in sensitized rabbit lungs.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1993

Urinary bladder carcinoma producing granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): a case report with immunohistochemistry.

A rare case of urinary bladder carcinoma with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production was reported. In an 83-year-old female, marked neutrophilia in the peripheral blood decreased from 132,500/mm3 to 3,300/mm3 after tumour resection. The tumour was a transitional cell carcinoma. The serum G-CSF level reduced from 238 pg/ml pre-operatively to normal (60 pg/ml) after the operation. Immunohistochemical investigation of the resected tumour with monoclonal antibody specific for G-CSF revealed positive staining in the carcinoma cells, confirming G-CSF secretion.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Long-term impact of conservative management on localized prostate cancer. A twenty-year experience in Japan.

The clinical outcome of 107 patients with localized prostate cancers over the past twenty years was analyzed retrospectively. Immediate endocrine therapy was administered in 55 patients after diagnosis. The other group of 52 patients did not receive any anti-tumor treatment until progression. Overall, 22 patients (21%) died of prostate cancer, while 45 (42%) died of other known causes. During a mean observation period of thirty-seven months, 27 (25%) experienced progression of the disease (local in 9, distant metastasis in 25, and both in 7 patients). The cancer-specific survival rates for these 107 patients were 78 percent at five years and 71 percent at ten years. The timing of endocrine therapy and age at diagnosis did not influence patient's prognosis. Tumor stage failed to demonstrate any prognostic significance after being controlled for other factors including tumor grade. Poorly differentiated histology appeared to be the sole and the strongest predictor for both tumor progression and cancer death. Prostate cancer may not differ significantly among races once it becomes clinically manifest. Expectant management for localized prostate cancer in well and moderately differentiated cancer may be justified because of the higher probability of dying of other intercurrent causes especially in the elderly group of patients. However, definitive forms of therapy should be considered for the group of patients with poorly differentiated tumor who have reasonably long life expectancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical analysis in 2266 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate].

During the past 20 years from August 1971 to July 1991, 3215 cases of transurethral resection were performed at Kitasato University Hospital, and consisted of 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasias, 692 bladder tumors, 258 prostate cancers, 167 bladder neck contractures, 38 urethral strictures, 20 chronic prostatities and 32 various urologic diseases. On 2266 transurethral resections of the prostate including 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasias, and 258 prostate cancers analysis was conducted. Patient age ranged from 44 to 97 (mean, 70.1). Resected tissue varied from 1 to 177 (mean, 26.9) grams. The time required for resection was from 9 to 245 (mean, 73.0) minutes. The volume of irrigation fluid was from 4 to 92 (mean, 25.0) liters. The duration of catheter placement after operation was 3 to 44 (mean, 4.1) days and hospitalization, 10 to 81 (mean, 12.1) days. The number of complications and blood transfusions were 308 (13.6%) and 381 (16.8%) respectively. Resected amount of tissue, volume of irrigation fluid, duration of catheter placement and frequency of complication in the benign prostatic hyperplasia group exceeded those in prostate cancer group. The length of hospitalization and blood transfusion rates were higher in the prostate cancer group. The rate or frequency of each item increased with the operating time and amount of resected tissue. Today, 60 minutes of operating time as a limiting factor of transurethral resection is not considered a important factor. Based on the results of the 2266 TURP cases, an attempt will be made to establish safer methods of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Pre-operative, operative and postoperative complications in 2266 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate].

Pre-operative and operative complications in 2266 patients having undergone transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for the past 20 years at Kitasato University Hospital were analyzed. They consisted of 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 258 prostate cancer patients. Seven hundred and fifty four patients showed some of physical disorders prior to TUR:hypertension in 147 cases, diabetes mallitus in 87, ischemic heart disease in 46, chronic obstructive lung disease in 41 and others. Operative and postoperative complications of TURP were seen in 308 cases (13.6%). Perforation of the prostatic capsule was seen in 100 cases (4.4%) and bladder perforation into intraperitoneal cavity in 6 cases (0.3%). Transurethral fulgulation for postoperative hemorrhage was conducted on 79 cases (3.5%). Hyponatremia lower than 130 mEq/L was noted in 14 cases (0.6%). Severe urinary tract infection leading to bacteremia was observed in 9 cases (0.4%). Postoperative epididymitis was evident in 20 cases (0.8%). There was postoperative urinary incontinence in 19 cases, 3 of which was treated with Teflon-paste injection successfully. One patient had to undergo AMS-800 artificial sphincter implantation. The number of postoperative urethral stricture patients requiring urethral dilatation or internal urethrotomy was 12 (0.5%) and postoperative bladder neck contracture was seen in 20 cases (0.9%). One patient (0.04%) who developed DIC after profuse postoperative hemorrhage died on the 37th postoperative day. The efficiency of TURP depends not so much on the skill of cutting as on the speed and accuracy of orientation and haemostasis. The quick recognition of anatomical landmarks will assure effective and safe resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Alizarin red S staining of calcium compound crystals in synovial fluid].

In order to study the clinical value of alizarin red S staining of calcium compound crystals in synovial fluid, the optimum conditions for staining and the detectable threshold of the crystals were examined. The staining of crystals was mainly affected by the concentration of the dye and pH of the solution. The best results were obtained with an alizarin red S concentration of 1.5-3.0% for hydroxyapatite (HA) and 2.0-3.0% for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal. The optimal pH of the solution was 4.0-6.0 for HA and 4.0-5.5 for CPPD crystal. For the detection of crystals phagocytosed by synovial fluid leukocytes, staining was enhanced by the addition of chloral hydrate to the dye solution which increased the permeability of the cell membrane. The detectable threshold levels of HA and CPPD crystal in synovial fluid by alizarin red S staining were 0.1 micrograms/ml and 0.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results suggest that alizarin red S staining is suitable for screening calcium compound crystals in synovial fluid, because it is more sensitive than other methods, such as polarized microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Alizarin red S staining was performed on 148 synovial fluids from patients with various joint diseases. The staining was positive in 100% of synovial fluids from patients with CPPD deposition disease, in 54% of fluids with osteoarthritis, and in 39% of fluids with rheumatoid arthritis. In osteoarthritis, the increase in the proportion of positive cases was found to be in accordance with the radiological grading of the joints.

Anthraquinones↗