Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Shirota.
Endoscopic Retrograde Choledocho-Pancreatography, Ultrasonography and Computer Tomography can show dilated pancreatic duct in the patients with small resectable pancreatic carcinoma. However they can not predict the size of the tumor. Angiography is a complementary examination, being able to demonstrate the size of the tumor and predict its resectability.
Clinical symptoms and abnormality of laboratory examinations in 62 patients with proven pancreatic carcinoma were studied. The following indications for detailed examination of the pancreas have been evolved: (1) vague abdominal symptoms, (2) jaundice, (3) abnormalities of laporatory examinations including serum LAP, ALP, amylase and cholinesterase level, and abnormal GTT. In the jaundiced patient the initial examination is US followed by PTCD to relieve the jaundice, and then angiography to assess resectability of the tumor. In the non-jaundiced patient US is used as a screening procedure. Should this be abnormal a lesion may be confirmed by CT. If not ERCP is indicated when there is some distinct reason to suspect pancreatic disease. If ERCP reveals abnormality then angiography is performed to determine whether the lesion is benign or malignant, and if malignant it is resectable or not. In the period of 1968 and 1981, 112 proven pancreatic carcinomas were studied. Overall resectability was 26%. Thirty tumors were less than 3 cm and the smallest lesion measured 1.2 cm.
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After intraspinal inoculation in mice, Tyzzer organisms were shown to grow within neurons resulting in degeneration and destruction of the host cells. Intraneuronally parasitising organisms were located within the cytoplasmic matrices or nuclear chromatin granules, and host cell organelles were disarranged or decreased in number seemingly by movement of bacterial peritrichous flagella. Axonal as well as myelin degeneration occurred in the white matter, and demyelination seemed to be in consequence of the axon damage due to intraxonal growth of organisms. Some organisms were present within cytoplasmic matrices of oligodendroglia cells and also within phagosomes of macrophages without active intracellular growth.
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Different dark field techniques in transmission electron microscopy are investigated. In particular, a displaced aperture technique is developed, which produces high quality off-axis dark field images. The essential feature of the method is that the chromatic aberration of the objective and intermediate lenses is compensated for with the aid of a one-stage beam deflector in the object plane of the intermediate lens. In addition, the image distortion and the effect of the curvature of the image field are minimized by reducing the coefficient of sperical aberration of the intermediate lens. Diffracted beams, forming angles alpha up to 2.5 degrees with the optical axis, can be used for dark field imaging. Resolutions better than 30 A for alpha = 2 degrees, and 17 A for alpha = 1 degree, are obtained.
The principal difficulties in constructing and operating a eucentric specimen tilting goniometer in a transmission electron microscope are discussed, together with the goniometric function of the incident beam tilt. The latter function is found easy to operate in a eucentric manner. The imaging beam then will have a non-axial path, which will increase particularly the field chromatic aberration. Earlier, however, a technique for the compensation of the chromatic aberration during displaced aperture dark field image formation has been developed. In combination with this technique, it proved possible to use the ordinary incident beam tilt as a eucentric goniometer. Image sequences were obtained, with accurately varied diffraction conditions. The tilt angles and the direction of the tilt axis can be very accurately determined from the displacements of the diffraction pattern.
A fetus at 24 weeks of gestation had been suspected of congenital familial bilateral short femur. The Japanese mother, 41 years old and 139 cm in height presented with bilateral short femur herself. The mother had two affected aunts and one affected daughter in her family history. Ultrasound examination was given to the mother for the first time at 24 weeks of gestation and it revealed bilateral short femur of 30 mm in length on the right and 31 mm on the left femur of the fetus. Other examinations were entirely normal and the pregnancy resulted in a full-term spontaneous vaginal delivery to a male baby. Birth weight was 2,790 g and the 1 and 5 min Apgar scores were at 8 and 10. Diagnosis was confirmed by skeletal radiographs.
Rabbit anti-glomerular basement membrane serum (AGBM) or normal rabbit serum (NRS) were given intravenously (2 ml/kg body weight) to 8 male beagle dogs. Light and transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were performed on the kidneys on day 7 postinjection. Alterations of anionic sites (ASs) of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in peripheral, proximal, and paramesangial portions were studied quantitatively by electron microscopy using polyethyleneimine (PEI; molecular weight = 1,800) as a cationic probe. Severe or mild proteinuria developed on day 1 and continued until day 6 postinjection. On day 7 after AGBM injection, the number of PEI granules per 1,000 nm length of the lamina rara externa of GBM in all portions was significantly less than that in NRS-treated dogs (10.48 +/- 1.78 versus 14.19 +/- 2.35 granules per 1,000 nm of GBM in peripheral portion, 10.81 +/- 1.91 versus 14.97 +/- 1.35 granules per 1,000 nm of GBM in proximal portion, 8.44 +/- 1.76 vs 13.43 +/- 2.10 granules per 1,000 nm of GBM in paramesangial portion; p < 0.001). These results indicate that a reduction glomerular AS occurs in AGBM-treated dogs in association with severe or mild proteinuria and alterations in glomerular ASs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in the canine anti-GBM nephritis in addition to morphological changes.
There have been a few studies on canine nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis produced by anti-glomerular basement membrane serum (AGBM), but these reports have not focused on an alteration in the charge properties of glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In this study, rabbit AGBM or normal rabbit serum (NRS) was given intravenously (2 ml/kg body weight) to 16 male beagle dogs. An alteration of anionic sites (ASs) of GBM was studied quantitatively using polyethyleneimine as a cationic probe by electron microscopy at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 postinjection. In AGBM-treated dogs, severe or mild proteinuria continued until week 2. At weeks 4 and 8, there was no significant difference in the intensity of proteinuria between AGBM- and NRS-treated groups. Until week 2 postinjection, there were significantly fewer ASs of GBM in AGBM-treated dogs than in NRS-treated dogs. At week 8, however, there was no difference in ASs of GBM between AGBM- and NRS-treated dogs. The fact that a reduction of glomerular AS occurred in AGBM-treated dogs with severe or mild proteinuria and the recovery of AS in the GBM coincided with an improvement of proteinuria suggested that alteration of the glomerular ASs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in canine anti-GBM nephritis.