Substrates commonly used for the determination of amylase activity include potato starch, corn starch and dye-labeled starch. Determination of the amylase activity of serum using these different starches has shown that the measured value varies depending upon the ratio of isoamylases present, namely between pancreatic amylase (P-type) and salivary amylase (S-type), contained in the serum. With corn starch as substrate, the P-type dominant serum exhibited an apparently higher value than the S-type dominant serum. In the use of blue-starch which is employed as a chromogenic method, the P-type dominant serum gave a higher value than the S-type dominant serum. Red-starch which is also used as a chromogenic method, however, did not cause the P-type dominant serum to show such a high level of amylase activity as blue-starch. These differences in amylase activity can be also shown by determining the Km values of pancreatic amylase and salivary amylase using these substrates. Thus, corn starch and blue-starch showed smaller Km values to pancreatic amylase than to salivary amylase. They were thus proved to have a strong affinity for pancreatic amylase. In contrast, potato starch, red-starch and glycogen had good affinity for salivary amylase. In pancreatic disease in which pancreatic amylase is increased without much elevation in the total amylase level in the serum, it might be possible to detect the abnormality of pancreatic amylase activity if either corn starch or blue-starch is used as a substrate for measurement of the serum amylase activity.

Amylases↗

PubMed1967

[Statistical observations on tuberculous outpatients of "Le Centre de Santé" at Srok Mongkol-Bauri, Cambodia. 2. Their houses and family].

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of three dihydropyridine compounds.

Three dihydropyridine compounds with 2-carbamoyl groups, NPK-1868, NPK-1867 and NPK-1886, were studied comparatively for their cardiovascular effects. In three experimental models in hypertensive rats, the hypotensive potency of these three compounds, given p.o., was almost the same as that of nifedipine and felodipine. However, in anesthetized beagle dogs, the effect of i.v. NPK-1886 was longer-lasting and more selective on vertebral blood flow than that of the other compounds. In pharmacokinetic studies, NPK-1868, given p.o., showed the highest Cmax, and NPK-1868 and NPK-1886 showed a longer half-life than felodipine. These data suggest that NPK-1886 is a potent hypotensive substance that has a longer-lasting effect on cerebral blood flow.

Anesthesia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship between early peaking of serum myosin light chain 1 level and washout phenomenon of creatine kinase in acute myocardial infarction].

To investigate the serum levels of myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) during the acute phase of myocardial infarction, the MLC1 and creatine kinase (CK) levels were measured in samples from 59 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. The serum concentration of MLC1 increased rapidly, reaching an early peak in 22 of the 59 patients (the MLP + group). Fifteen patients showed rapid increases in MLC1 levels without an early peak (the MLP - group). Serum MLC1 levels remained within normal limits (the MLN group) 10 hours after the onset of symptoms in the remaining 22 patients (but in eight of these serum MLC1 levels were abnormal 16-39 hours after the onset of symptoms). Serum level curves of CK showed a single episode of acute myocardial infarction in all patients. The patterns of MLC1 levels correlated with the washout phenomenon of CK (p < 0.001) and the maximum MLC1 level (p < 0.05). The ratio of serum MLC1 level during the early phase to the maximum level (EMR) decreased in the order of groups MLP+, MLP-, MLN (0.54 +/- 0.28, 0.31 +/- 0.22, 0.13 +/- 0.09, respectively). The EMR was correlated with the washout phenomenon of CK (p < 0.001), but not with the maximum MLC1 level which might reflect the size of the infarction. The patterns of neither MLC1 nor EMR were correlated with the administration of urokinase or the patency of the infarct-related artery at the early phase (within 10 hours of onset).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Creatine Kinase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in mitral valve area after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy: prediction of mitral valve restenosis].

Factors indicating changes in mitral valve area after single-balloon percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) were evaluated in 53 patients receiving PTMC by follow up for 3-48 months (mean 18 +/- 12 months) using serial transthoracic echocardiography to measure mitral valve area by planimetry. The echocardiographic scores of the mitral commissures and mitral valve, and other clinical variables were assessed. Mitral valve area showed an immediate increase from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 cm2 (p < 0.01). There was a small but significant decrease in mitral valve area at follow-up to 1.6 +/- 0.4 cm2 (p < 0.01). Restenosis (a decrease in mitral valve area of more than 25% from immediately after PTMC to follow-up) occurred in nine patients (17%). There was no significant correlation between clinical or echocardiographic features and an increase in mitral valve area immediately after PTMC. The total echocardiographic score of the mitral commissures correlated with the decrease in mitral valve area at follow-up (r = 0.42, p = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis showed the total echocardiographic score of the mitral commissures was the best indicator of a decrease in mitral valve area at follow-up (p = 0.0059). Six of nine patients with restenosis had a commissure score of more than 3, while only five of 44 patients without restenosis had a commissure score of more than 3 (p < 0.01). Mitral valve area increases significantly immediately after PTMC, and decreases significantly at follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect by transesophageal color Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography].

Diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect based on transthoracic color Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography is often difficult. We recently experienced two cases of sinus venosus atrial septal defect which were correctly diagnosed using transesophageal color Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography. Transthoracic color Doppler flow imaging did not demonstrate the atrial septal defect or the shunt flow across the defect in either case. Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography visualized a defect in the upper most portion of the interatrial septum in one case, and transesophageal color Doppler flow mapping detected a left-to-right shunt across the defect in both cases. Transesophageal color Doppler flow mapping also demonstrated the flow signal of the right upper pulmonary vein into the right atrium near its junction with the superior vena cava in each case. The diagnoses of sinus venosus atrial septal defect and combined partial anomalous pulmonary venous return were confirmed by surgery in both cases. Transesophageal color Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography are very useful in diagnosing sinus venosus atrial septal defect and combined partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

Adolescent↗