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Biomedical subjects

K Shiomi

Publications and source records attributed to K Shiomi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

New glycosidases inhibitors, panosialins D and wD produced by Streptomyces sp. OH-5186.

New panosialin analog, panosialins D and wD have been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. OH-5186. Their structures were elucidated as 5-(13-methylpentadecyl)-1,3-benzenediol bis(sodium sulfate) and 5-(13-methylpentadecyl)-1,3-benzenediol 1-(sodium sulfate), respectively. They showed strong inhibitory activity against alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-glucosidase. Panosialins wA-wD mixture also showed weak mitogenic activity but suppressed the mitogen induced activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Terpendoles, novel ACAT inhibitors produced by Albophoma yamanashiensis. II. Structure elucidation of terpendoles A, B, C and D.

Structures of terpendoles A, B, C and D, novel acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors, were determined by spectroscopic studies. All terpendoles consist of diterpene and indole moieties in common. Terpendoles A, C and D possess an additional isoprenyl unit via oxygen atom(s) of their diterpene moieties. The relative stereochemistries of terpendoles C and D were confirmed by NOE experiments and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Isochromophilones III-VI, inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Penicillium multicolor FO-3216.

New azaphilones named isochromophilones III-VI were isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium multicolor FO-3216 as inhibitors of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Their structures were elucidated by NMR and other spectroscopic analyses. The IC50 values of isochromophilones III, IV, V and VI for ACAT activity in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes were calculated to be 110, 50, 50 and 120 microM, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

New antibiotics phthoxazolins B, C and D produced by Streptomyces sp. KO-7888.

New antibiotics, phthoxazolins B, C and D were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. KO-7888. They are geometrical isomers of 10-hydroxyphthoxazolin A. They showed selective antifungal activity against Phytophthora parasitica in vitro and modest herbicidal activity in a laboratory test, but the potencies were different among isomers.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of 42 patients with renal trauma--radiographic assessment of surgical application].

We treated 42 patients with renal trauma between 1988 and 1994. There were 18 cases of renal contusion, 12 of minor laceration, 6 of major laceration, 5 of renal rupture and 1 of major laceration with pedicle injury. Thirty-two patients were treated by conservative management, 10 were treated surgically, 9 by simple nephrectomy and 1 by partial nephrectomy. Excretory urography was performed in 27 patients. For stage evaluation, these cases were classified into 4 groups. I: The renal pelvis and calices were clearly enhanced. II: The renal pelvis was enhanced but part of the calix was not. III: The renal pelvis was not clearly enhanced and only some calices were enhanced. IV: The renal pelvis and calices were unenhanced. In addition, computerized tomography was carried out in 24 patients. We believe that cases with classification as III or IV in excretory urography, incomplete enhancement by computerized tomography, and recognized extravasation should be treated operatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Identification of 10-kDa proguanylin as a major guanylin molecule in human intestine and plasma and its increase in renal insufficiency.

Guanylin is a 15-amino acid peptide that acts on intestinal guanylate cyclase, thereby regulating intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport through the second messenger, cyclic GMP. Using synthetic rat guanylin, we prepared an antiserum that recognizes human and rat guanylin equally on a molar basis and developed a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA). The major endogenous guanylin molecule in human intestine and plasma is 10-kDa proguanylin, 15-amino acid guanylin being a minor component. Human guanylin is distributed widely from the duodenum to colon, the highest contents being in the ileum and proximal colon. The plasma concentration of immunoreactive guanylin in the normal individuals tested was 31.2 +/- 3.0 fmol/ml (mean +/- SE) and that in patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing hemodialysis 7,924 +/- 2,140 fmol/ml. The RIA we established is a promising tool for clarifying the physiological functions and pathophysiological significance of guanylin in water and electrolyte homeostasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and sequence determination of two N-terminal fragments of islet amyloid polypeptide in rat pancreas.

Using a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the N-terminal hexadecapeptide of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), we isolated two N-terminal fragments of IAPP from rat pancreas. They were identified as IAPP(1-16) and IAPP(1-17) by amino acid sequencing. The two fragments were also found in rat plasma. IAPP(1-37) was the major molecular form of rat IAPP, IAPP(1-16) and IAPP(1-17) accounting for 6.0% and 32.3% of the immunoreactivity for the N-terminal region of the peptide in pancreata of normally fed rats. In human pancreas, the N-terminal fragments of IAPP were not present, indicating that the processing of IAPP in the pancreas differs between human and rat. Food deprivation increased the molar ratios of IAPP(1-16) and IAPP(1-17) to IAPP(1-37) in comparison to values for fed rats. Identification of novel fragments of IAPP, in addition to IAPP(1-37), offers a promise for the elucidation of the physiological function of IAPP and the identification of factors that regulate the biosynthesis and catabolism of the peptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy in Taiwan: identification of transthyretin variant (Leu55-->Pro).

We report a family with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), showing an early-onset and a fatal outcome before age 30. Transthyretin (TTR) gene analysis showed one point mutation (T-->C change) in the second base of codon 55, and the corresponding amino acid substitution of proline (Pro) for leucine (Leu) was confirmed at the protein level. This is the first FAP family of Taiwanese origin demonstrating a causative gene abnormality, and FAP with TTR-Pro55 was considered to be more serious compared with other forms of FAP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Localization of human neutrophil peptide (HNP) and its messenger RNA in neutrophil series.

Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1,2 and 3, also called defensins, have high antimicrobial activity and are cytotoxic to both normal and transformed human cells. The localization of HNPs 1-3 and their mRNAs in cells of normal human bone marrow and peripheral blood was investigated. Immunoreactivity for HNPs 1-3 appeared in the promyelocyte stage and increased with the maturation of the neutrophil series. HNPs 1-3 were absent from such mononuclear phagocyte systems as peripheral monocytes, alveolar macrophages, and Kupffer cells in the liver. HNP 1-3 mRNAs were detected in bone marrow cells by Northern blot analysis and in peripheral leukocytes by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HNPs 1-3 are restricted to cells of neutrophil lineage and seem to function as microbicidal agents in the neutrophil-mediated defense system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy with late-onset and well-preserved autonomic function: a Japanese kindred with novel mutant transthyretin (Ala97 to Gly).

We report the characteristics of one patient and two asymptomatic carriers from a Japanese family with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). The clinical features were somatic sensory and motor neuropathy with well-preserved autonomic function and late onset with slow insidious progression. These symptoms and signs are different from those of type 1 FAP. There were massive amyloid deposits with transthyretin (TTR) in the myocardium and the sural nerve. DNA sequencing of the TTR gene and amino acid sequence analysis of serum TTR revealed a new mutation in which Gly97 was substituted for Ala. We suggest that patients with somatic sensory and motor neuropathy of unknown origin without apparent autonomic dysfunction should be further studied for TTR mutation.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1994

Clinical significance of right ventricular dilatation in patients with right ventricular infarction.

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular infarction can be accurately diagnosed by ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads. However, the clinical outcome of right ventricular infarction encompasses a wide spectrum, ranging from no hemodynamic compromise to cardiogenic shock. The present study examined the clinical significance of echocardiographic right ventricular dilatation in patients with right ventricular infarction. METHODS: We studied 60 consecutive patients with ECG evidence of right ventricular infarction (at least 1 mm ST-segment elevation and QS or QR in V4R) after their first acute Q-wave inferior infarction. They had been admitted to the coronary care unit within 24 h of the onset of chest pain. The presence of right ventricular dilatation was diagnosed when the end-diastolic ratio between right and left ventricle was more than 0.5 on two-dimensional echocardiogram. RESULTS: Of the 60 patients with ECG evidence of right ventricular infarction, 29 had right ventricular dilatation (group 1) and 31 did not (group 2). We used four clinical variables in multivariate analysis to determine the significant factors related to right ventricular infarction. Mean right atrial pressure and number of left ventricular segments with advanced asynergy were found to be the important factors. Furthermore, a significantly higher incidence of major complications (cardiogenic shock and need for temporary pacing) was observed in group 1 than in group 2. Right ventricular dilatation was found to be the significant factor related to major complications. CONCLUSION: Echocardiographic right ventricular dilatation is an important non-invasive sign obtained on admission in patients with right ventricular infarction, because it is associated with larger left ventricular infarct size and increased risk of major complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Alternative cell fate choice induced by low-level expression of a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system.

The Drosophila gene twins encodes the regulatory B subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase. Here we report that its partial loss-of-function mutations caused abnormal morphogenesis in the adult peripheral nervous system. In wild-type flies, the mechanoreceptor, one major class of sensory organs, is composed of four specialized cells (one neuron and three accessory cells) that are derived from a single precursor cell. The hypomorphic twins mutations did not block division of this precursor, but most likely altered cell fate in this lineage to produce only accessory cells that form sensory structures. Stepwise reductions of twins protein enhanced this transformation. In these mutants, another regulatory subunit, A, and the catalytic subunit, C, of the phosphatase were expressed at normal levels. Therefore, the modulation of the phosphatase activity by the B subunit appears to be crucial for specification of neural cell identity.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Drosophila mutants in the 55 kDa regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A show strongly reduced ability to dephosphorylate substrates of p34cdc2.

The 55 kDa regulatory subunit of Drosophila protein phosphatase 2A is located in the cytoplasm at all cell cycle stages, by the criterion of immunofluorescence. We are unable to detect significant change in protein phosphatase activity during the nuclear division cycle of syncytial embryos. However, cell cycle function of the enzyme is suggested by the mitotic defects exhibited by two Drosophila mutants, aar1 and twinsP, defective in the gene encoding the 55 kDa subunit. The reduced levels of the 55 kDa subunit correlate with the loss of protein phosphatase 2A-like, okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatase activity of brain extracts against caldesmon and histone H1 phosphorylated by p34cdc2/cyclin B kinase, but not against phosphorylase a. Thus the mitotic defects of aar1 and twinsP are likely to result from the lack of dephosphorylation of specific substrates by protein phosphatase 2A.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Cytosaminomycins, new anticoccidial agents produced by Streptomyces sp. KO-8119. II. Structure elucidation of cytosaminomycins A, B, C and D.

Structures of novel anticoccidial antibiotics, cytosaminomycins A, B, C and D, were elucidated by NMR studies. Cytosaminomycins were shown to be nucleoside antibiotics related to oxyplicacetin. Their carboxylic acid moieties bonded to the cytosine residue were different from that of oxyplicacetin. The carboxylic acids contained in cytosaminomycins A, B, C and D were (E)-3-(methylthio)acrylic acid, 4-methylaminobenzoic acid, 3-methylcrotonic acid, and tiglic acid, respectively.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1994

[A case of tuberculous pyothorax with retroperitoneal gravitation abscess].

A 65-year-old woman being treated under the diagnosis of pneumonia was subjected to further evaluation for right back tenderness. Chest radiography revealed a granular, net-like shadow in the right lower lung field, and right pleural thickening with pleural fluid retention. Ultrasonography demonstrated a cystic mass of uniformly low echo density, corresponding to the site of tenderness. This lesion was located on the right renal dorsal, right iliopsoas muscle ventral side. Based on CT findings of internal water density and marginal enhancement, the lesion was diagnosed as an abscess. With the suspicion of right tuberculous pyothorax with retroperitoneal gravitation abscess, puncture was attempted. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the specimen. Antituberculosis chemotherapy was initiated, with drainage for symptom relief and lesion range definition. The abscess cavity communicated with the right pleural cavity via s stalk. The stalk path was confirmed by CT, and surgical curettage was performed. Tuberculous pyothorax with retroperitoneal gravitation abscess is rare and is not discussed in standard textbooks. In large series of cases it is not mentioned. In this patient we assumed that retroperitoneal gravitation abscess occurred as a result of the advanced state of tuberculous pyothorax.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1994

[Ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with inter-optic course of anterior cerebral artery: report of a case and review of the literature].

We report a ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm in a patient whose anterior cerebral artery (ACA) arose from the left C3 portion and ascended between the optic nerves. A 50 year-old woman was admitted to our department with complaints of headache and vomiting. CT scan showed thick subarachnoid hemorrhage. Left carotid angiography revealed a saccular aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery and an abnormal vessel which arose from the left C3 portion and terminated in the territory of the ACoA. Surgery was performed about eight hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The abnormal vessel was identified as it ascended between the optic nerves. There are only 25 reported cases of this abnormality including our own case. The right carotid artery was the most frequent origin of the abnormal artery (18 cases). 13 aneurysms were associated in 11 cases, in which seven were located in the anterior communicating artery. It was the most frequent site of the aneurysm. There were various explanations for this anomalous ACA. Because of the angiographical and operative findings, we prefer to use "inter-optic course of ACA" as the medical terminology better suited to describe this condition.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗