Biomedical subjects

K Shinomiya

Publications and source records attributed to K Shinomiya.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

The excitability of blink reflexes in patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders.

The blink reflex and its recovery curve were studied in 12 patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, i.e., juvenile Parkinson's disease (case 1), Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (case 2), anorexia nervosa (case 3), mild developmental delay (cases 4 and 5), a meningomyelocele with winking spasms (case 6), Parkinson's disease (cases 7-10) and OPCA (cases 11 and 12). The cases were divided into 4 groups on the basis of the results, (1) hyperexcitability of facial motoneurons only (case 6), (2) hyperexcitability of facial motoneurons and brainstem interneurons (case 1 and 2), (3) hyperexcitability of brainstem interneurons only (cases 4, 5 and 7-12) and (4) hypoexcitability of both sides (case 3). Therefore, as to the excitability an abnormal pattern of blink reflexes could be a neurophysiologic marker of some neurologic and psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Experimental exposure to carbon monoxide in rats (II)--blood volume of organs obtained by calculations from amounts of carbon monoxide in organ tissues and in blood].

We have found a correlation between the degree of carboxyhemoglobin saturation and the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) in the organ tissues of rats. This essay is titled "Experimental exposure to carbon monoxide in rats (I)". In this report, the blood volumes in organs were calculated from the amount of CO in the blood and in the organ tissues of the same rat. The obtained blood volume (microliter/g of organ tissues) were as follows: spleen 0.196 +/- 0.0222 liver 0.186 +/- 0.0576, lung 0.166 +/- 0.0156, myocardium 0.095 +/- 0.0319, kidney 0.094 +/- 0.0267 and encephalon 0.033 +/- 0.0183. Except for the 10% COHb experimental group, it has become clear that the blood volume in the spleen and in the kidney did not change much despite the variation of degree of carboxyhemoglobin saturation. In order to diagnose the cause of death of a burned cadaver in which the heart did not contain the liquid blood, values of CO amounts should be determined from those in the spleen or the kidney.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Studies on a new cross-axis coil planet centrifuge for performing counter-current chromatography. I. Design of the apparatus, retention of the stationary phase, and efficiency in the separation of proteins with polymer phase systems.

An improved model of the cross-axis synchronous flow-through coil planet centrifuge has been designed in light of previous studies. The apparatus has a versatile feature in that both analytical and preparative columns can be accommodated in both off-center and central positions. Each has merit in separations. Retention of stationary phase was examined with various two-phase solvent systems used for the separation of biopolymers. Both analytical and preparative columns showed satisfactory retention of the stationary phase under optimum conditions. The apparatus was evaluated in separation of a set of protein samples using a polyethylene glycol-potassium phosphate biphasic system. In both types of columns all proteins were resolved with partition efficiencies of 260 to 670 theoretical plates. Further studies indicated that the relatively low partition efficiency of proteins is mainly attributed to their high molecular mass or molecular heterogeneity within each species rather than due to the high viscosity of the polymer phase system.

Centrifugation↗

PubMed1993

Studies on new cross-axis coil planet centrifuge for performing counter-current chromatography. III. Speculations on the hydrodynamic mechanism in stationary phase retention.

Retention of the stationary phases of one organic-aqueous solvent system and three aqueous-aqueous polymer solvent systems was investigated on a cross-axis coil planet centrifuge. A graphic statistical treatment of all the data highlighted the prevailing effect of the inward-outward elution mode. A simplified model was proposed and studies on the paths and accelerations of cross-axis devices described in the previous paper provided explanations about the observed hydrodynamic behaviors.

Centrifugation↗

PubMed1993

Pseudarthrosis and delayed union after anterior cervical fusion.

Anterior cervical spine fusion was carried out on 443 cases between 1965 and 1988 with pseudarthrosis or delayed union in 15 (3.4%). The causes of these complications were malalignment and faulty postoperative care. Symptoms resulted from abnormal mobility, cord compression due to posterior slip or rotation of the upper vertebral body, kyphotic deformity or a problem at the adjacent level. Four out 5 cases with symptoms recovered successfully after a second operation.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The blink reflex in neonates with a subsequent poor outcome.

We examined maturational changes in the electrical blink reflex in 11 handicapped children, i.e., 4 cases of developmental delay, 4 of cerebral palsy, 2 of congenital hydrocephalus, and 1 of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. The developmental delay and cerebral palsy cases were all born at 25-36 weeks' gestation. In all cases, prolonged latency, low amplitude, or the absence of the late component of the blink reflex was observed in the follow-up study. These results indicate that prematurity and some congenital impairment mainly influence the maturation of the long-loop reflex arc in the blink reflex.

Blinking↗

PubMed1993

Effect of OP-41483.alpha-CD, a prostacyclin analog, on a clamp-induced endothelial injury in rats.

We studied the effect of OP-41483.alpha-CD, a stable prostacyclin analog, on clamp-induced endothelial injury in rats. The injury was assessed by vascular Evans blue leakage and using a scanning electron microscope. OP-41483.alpha-CD significantly reduced the Evans blue leakage at doses of 30 and 100 ng/kg/min. PGE1.CD was also found to show an equipotent inhibitory action on the dye leakage. From scanning electron microscopic observations, a moderate degree of intimal defects, microvillous projections and platelet adhesions at the luminal surface were seen in the specimens from OP-41483.alpha-CD (30 and 100 ng/kg/min) treated rats. Furthermore, OP-41483.alpha-CD, PGE1.CD and Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DbcAMP) were found to accelerate a proliferation of cultured bovine endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Taken together, these data indicate that the endothelial regenerative effect of OP-41483.alpha-CD could contribute to healing of clamp-induced endothelial injury and it may be an important therapeutic drug to protect vascular intimal injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

An analysis of failures in primary cervical anterior spinal cord decompression and fusion.

Recently, postoperative results of cervical spondylosis, disc herniation, and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after anterior cervical surgeries have improved. However, occasional unsatisfactory cases needing a second operation remain. We analyzed and developed strategies for multioperated neck (MON) cases; all patients had two operations. From 1965 to 1988, 443 cervical anterior surgeries were performed in our hospitals; 53 (12.0%) of these patients needed second operations. These MON cases were classified by the following causes: pseudarthrosis, graft fracture, insufficient decompression, misdiagnosis, and adjacent disc problems. These groups were analyzed, and the resulting surgical strategies, including indications and techniques of anterior surgery, are described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Evaluation of cervical diskography in pain origin and provocation.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of cervical diskography as a diagnostic method via reproduced pain. A nonionic contrast medium (Iohexol) that does not harm normal tissue was used in this series to prevent false-positive provocative pain. One hundred forty-four patients (128 with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, eight with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, and eight with cervical spondylotic amyotrophy) were studied. Among 72 patients in the symptomatic neck pain group who complained of neck pain before diskography, 65% showed reproduced pain. However, in the control group (neurologic symptoms only) 50% of the patients complained of provocative neck pain during dye injection. These results demonstrated that this provocation technique appeared unreliable for diagnosing symptomatic disk levels.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Electrophysiologic studies in an infant with Möbius syndrome.

The electrophysiologic findings in an infant with congenital facial diplegia (Möbius syndrome) are presented. As to serial electrically elicited blink reflexes, the R1 amplitude was significantly reduced and the R2 latency was significantly prolonged. The M response of the orbicularis oculi muscle showed slightly reduced amplitude. Auditory brainstem responses exhibited a prolonged time between waves I and V and reduced amplitude of wave V on the right side. Somatosensory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials were normal. These findings suggest some degree of impairment of the peripheral facial nerve, and brainstem dysfunction including the pons and lateral medulla.

Blinking↗

PubMed1993

Spontaneous histogenic tumors of epididymis observed in B6C3F1 mice.

Four primary histiogenic tumors of the epididymis were discovered in 110 male B6C3F1 mice used in a carcinogenicity study in our laboratory. From the results, all these tumors were considered to be spontaneous. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by compact growth of spindle to oval shape histiocytic cells with or without a cleaved nucleus. Focal hemorrhage was present in three cases, and erythrophagocytosis occurred in such lesions. The tumors had some similar histological features of histiocytic sarcomas, which had been observed with high malignancy in other male and female animals. However, systemic growth and atypsim of neoplastic cells found in the histiocytic sarcomas were not observed in these epididymal tumors. On the other hand, four histiogenic tumors of the uterus, with features characteristic of epididymal tumors, were observed in 106 female mice. The uterine histiogenic tumors were regarded as benign or precursor lesions of histiocytic sarcoma. Furthermore, it is suspected that histiocytic sarcoma arises from the epididymis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[A case of severe milk allergy. Relationship with type I and Type III allergic reactions].

A case of cow's milk allergy related to type I and type III allergic reactions is reported. The patient is a one-month-old girl. She had watery diarrhea and abdominal distention soon after commencement of milk feeding two weeks after birth. She was cyanotic and floppy on admission. Intravenous complete hyperalimentation was tried to combat her diarrhea with good clinical effect. Then feeding with 605Z milk (enzyme digested cow's milk antigen, Meiji Milk Products Co., Ltd.) was started, and the diarrhea improved. Laboratory findings showed positive milk PK test, elevated IgE score, and positive milk specific RAST score, decreased serum complement, elevated levels of each immunoglobulin class of milk specific antibodies, especially milk specific IgG1 antibody and increased complement absorption test. She was diagnosed as having milk allergy related to both type I and type III allergies from the above-mentioned results. Specific antibodies were diminished after feeding with 605Z. Although her mother had not taken cow's milk over the past 10 years, she took a lot of milk during her pregnancy. But her serum milk specific antibodies were not elevated. It was suggested that the baby's antibodies were not derived from her mother but that the baby produced them by herself.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Study of the measurement of chondroitin sulphates in rabbit plasma and serum.

A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method, which was established by us for the determination of chondroitin sulphates in biological substances as their unsaturated disaccharides, was applied to elucidate the qualitative and quantitative differences in chondroitin sulphates in rabbit plasma and serum samples. In this work, it was found that rabbit plasma contains low-sulphated chondroitin 4-sulphate (approximately 40% sulphation at the 4-position of N-acetyl galactosamine), while serum contains the low-sulphated chondroitin 4-sulphate and fully sulphated chondroitin 4-sulphate (approximately 96% sulphation). The latter was released from platelets during coagulation of blood.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Study of experimental cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

UNLABELLED: Most cervical spondylotic myelopathy cases show insidious onset. Experimental cervical spondylotic myelopathy models were made using cats to analyze advancing patterns of myelopathy in the spinal cord and to identify the most responsible factor. Spinal cord compression was applied anteriorly using one screw through the C5 vertebral body or three screws through the C4, C5, and C6 vertebral bodies. Every few weeks, the screws were turned approximately 1 mm at a time up to approximately 50% of the spinal canal. At more than 6 months after final compression, limb function and evoked spinal cord potentials were evaluated. Thereafter, histologic examinations were performed. THE RESULTS: the single compression group showed normal limb function, but the multiple compression group showed sluggish gait. Histologically, mild neuronal decrease in the gray matter was noticeable in the single compression group. Conversely, the multiple compression group showed severe changes in the gray matter and significant changes in the posterior and anterior columns. There was a correlation between the evoked spinal cord potentials and histologic changes. It was clear that multiple compressions to the spinal cord caused more severe deterioration functionally and electrophysiologically as well as histologically than a single compression.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Determination of human urinary hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate as their unsaturated disaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method for the determination of hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulphate (CS) and dermatan sulphate (DS) was developed. HA, CS and DS were converted to the corresponding unsaturated disaccharides by digestion with chondroitinase ABC and/or chondroitinase AC-II and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection using 2-cyanoacetamide as a post-column derivatization reagent. The calibration graphs for the unsaturated disaccharides were linear over the range 2 ng - 2 micrograms for each unsaturated disaccharide. This method was applied to the analysis of normal human urine.

Chondroitin Sulfates↗

PubMed1991

Desmoplastic fibroma in the thoracic spine.

Desmoplastic fibroma of the spine is an extremely rare, benign tumor. So far, only 7 cases have been reported in the world. We have treated 1 case of desmoplastic fibroma in the thoracic spine. Due to insufficient removal of the tumor, local recurrence was observed, and a second surgery posteriorly and anteriorly was performed for complete removal 8 years following the first operation. After resection of the tumor, Luque instrumentation was used to reconstruct the destroyed spine. At present, 7 years after the second operation, there are no signs or symptoms. Therefore, complete resection of the tumor is most important in the treatment, and rigid spinal instrumentation and bone grafts must be used after removing the tumor in spine cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical myelopathy.

Magnetic resonance imaging using T1-weighted sagittal images was performed on 81 postoperative patients with cervical myelopathy. Cord compression was observed after surgery in 32 (40%) of the patients. Compression was demonstrated in the decompressed area in 9 patients, at the upper or lower edge of decompression in 11 patients, and at adjacent levels of fusion in 11 patients. The remaining patient had cord compression in both the decompressed area and at the adjacent level. From their operative results, cord compression was proved to be functionally innocuous in 13 (41%) patients and the cause of neurologic deterioration in 3 (9%); it was not clear whether or not the compression was innocuous in the remaining 16 (50%) patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Intraoperative monitoring for tethered spinal cord syndrome.

Functions of the lower extremities and bowel and bladder must be monitored during releasing surgery for tethered spinal cord syndrome, because neural elements are embedded in lipoma or anomalous tissues. Evoked muscle action potentials of the external anal sphincter muscle, external urethral sphincter muscle, and lower extremity muscles can indicate promptly whether or not neural elements are involved before the surgeon releases or cuts the tissue for cord release. It is also important to monitor vesical pressure because of different types of innervation from the external urethral and anal sphincters, in spite of slow reaction times of vesical pressure elevation. Evoked muscle action potentials indicate only motor function; therefore, it is more appropriate to record evoked spinal cord potentials from the spinal cord above a lumbosacral operative field, because sensory function can also be monitored. Evoked muscle action potentials are an easy and extremely sensitive monitoring system; nevertheless, monitoring of vesical pressure and evoked spinal cord potentials should also be done to achieve optimum monitoring. For the past 5 years, 10 patients have undergone cord-release surgery with such a monitoring system, and the results indicate no exacerbating case.

Adolescent↗