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Biomedical subjects

K Shimokawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Shimokawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Changes in serum cytokine levels in patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors in the course of chemotherapy].

We studied seven patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors to examine the influence of chemotherapy on production of serum cytokines. Four types of cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, TNF alpha) were measured by ELISA method. A significant increase of IL-6 and TNF alpha production was observed after intravenous infusion of antitumor drugs. After intraarterial infusion of drugs there was a slight increase in the production of these cytokines. On the other hand, there were no changes in the IL-1 beta and IL-2 levels after infusion of the drugs. IL-6 and TNF alpha increased almost at the same time that the numbers of WBC (neutrophils) decreased after infusion. And this phenomenon was clear in the patients who had a good performance status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of cardiac functions in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS)].

Cardiac functions in 20 female patients with PSS were measured by ultrasound cardiography and compared with those of 10 healthy age-matched controls. The following results were obtained: 1) The patients with PSS showed the increases in left ventricular mass (LVmass), interventricular septal thickness (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) more than those of controls. 2) Diastolic descent rate (DDR) of patients decreased significantly in comparison with the healthy controls. 3) Right ventricular dimension (RVD) of patients were demonstrated to dilate more than those of controls. Conclusively ultrasound cardiography (UCG) is an available method for detecting the cardiac lesion of PSS. Abnormal signs were recognized even though their clinical features were limited to the extremities.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum.

Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum is a rare disease and its characteristics have been described previously in the literature. We present a case of duodenal leiomyosarcoma, which was diagnosed by several imaging techniques prior to operation. Findings of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and angiography in this case are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A case of leiomyoblastoma (epithelioid leiomyosarcoma) of the greater omentum.

A 59-year-old male complained of a palpable abdominal mass which was revealed to be a primary omental tumor by means of abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, angiography and laparoscopy. Histological examinations of the surgically resected tumor further disclosed leiomyoblastoma with positive stainings of both vimentin and desmin, markers for mesenchymal cells and for muscle cells, respectively. He has been well for 2 years since resection, without any relapse or distant metastasis of the tumor. Leiomyoblastoma of the greater omentum is very rare, and is important to distinguish from extraluminal tumor of the abdomen.

Angiography↗
PubMed1991

Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy in the pre-operative evaluation of soft tissue tumors of the extremities.

We conducted a study of 90 patients with soft tissue tumor in their arms or legs, in order to determine the usefulness of scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate as a diagnostic means. All patients had adequate scan images, and tumor tissues had been histologically confirmed by surgical resection. The subjects consisted of 19 patients with malignant tumors, 55 patients with benign tumors, and 16 patients with other disorders in which soft tissue tumor-like lesions occurred. When the activity of the tumor was more than the activity of the normal region of the contralateral extremity, it was estimated to be positive. The positive rate was found in 78% (15/19) of patients with malignant tumors, in 25% (14/55) of patients with benign tumors and in 31% (5/16) of patients with other disorders. Classified by diseases, high positive rates were observed in liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, neurinoma, extra-abdominal desmoid and sarcoidosis. Out of 7 patients in which the activity of the tumor was equal to, or higher than that of the liver, 6 patients had malignant tumors and one patient was diagnosed as having an abscess. It seemed possible to distinguish between liposarcoma and lipoma by means of a gallium-67 scan. Furthermore, the gallium-67 scan was useful in detecting lesions of sarcoidosis as well as in evaluating the response to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A fluorinated 2-nitroimidazole, KU-2285, as a new hypoxic cell radiosensitizer.

To develop new hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, we incorporated fluorine atoms into the side chain of the 2-nitroimidazole. Of the resulting compounds, KU-2285 (a 2-nitroimidazole with an N1-substituent of CH2CF2CONHCH2-CH2OH) was considered the most useful as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. In this study, its in vivo radiosensitizing activity and acute toxicity were compared with those of etanidazole. The reduction potentials of KU-2285 and etanidazole were -0.96 V and -1.05 V vs Ag/Ag+ in N,N-dimethylformamide, respectively, and their respective octanol/water partition coefficients were 0.25 and 0.040. The in vivo radiosensitizing activity of KU-2285 was found to be similar to that of etanidazole at the same administration dose when assayed by an in vivo-in vitro assay, a growth delay assay, and a tumor control assay using SCC VII tumor or transplanted mammary tumor in C3H/He mice. Although the radiosensitizing activity of etanidazole was reduced when it was administered orally, there was no significant difference in the radiosensitizing activity of KU-2285 whether it was administered intravenously, intraperitoneally, or orally. The acute toxicity measured as the LD50/7 in 8-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice was found to be 2.4 g/kg (intravenously), 2.1 g/kg (intraperitonealy), and 4.25 g/kg (orally) for KU-2285, whereas it was 4.75 g/kg (intravenously) for etanidazole.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Two cases of endoscopically identified esophageal cancer of the superficial-slightly depressed type.

We experienced two cases of superficial type esophageal cancer. Case 1 was a 72-year-old man in whom endoscopic examination revealed a slightly protruded, partially reddened and faded area of irregular shape corresponding to 0-IIa + IIc (slightly depressed type) of the endoscopic classification of esophageal cancers. Macroscopically, it was a superficial, ill-defined and non-cicatrized solitary tumor measuring 2.5 x 2.4 cm in size. Histologically it was a monofocal semidifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma of a swelling type of stage 0. Case 2 was 55-year-old man. Endoscopic examination disclosed an almost roundish, smooth-surfaced, flat and dull red area corresponding to IIc (slightly depressed type). Macroscopically it was a superficial, semidefined and non-cicatrized solitary tumor measuring 1.0 x 1.0 cm in size. Histologically it was a monofocal, semidifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma of stage 0. To detect esophageal cancer at an early stage, the endoscopist needs to inspect the mucosa carefully. In case of males aged over 50, the endoscopist would be well advised to employ the dye-spraying method (Lugol staining method) at the endoscopic examination.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The opioid activity and receptor selectivity of fluorinated Leu5 enkephalin analogues in vitro and in vivo.

The opioid activity and the selectivity for opioid receptor (subtypes) of newly synthesized fluorinated enkephalin (Enk) analogues, [2R, 4R], [2R, 4S], [2S, 4S] and [2S, 4R] trifluoro-Leu5-Enk (KKF-31, 32, 33 and 34) were investigated. The inhibitory effect of KKF-compounds on the electrically induced contractions of guinea-pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) were dose-dependent but relatively lower than that of L-Leu5-Enk, except that KKF-34 was rather slightly more potent than L-Leu5-Enk in MVD preparations. In GPI preparations, the pA2 values of naloxone for these compounds were higher than those of naltrindole while the values of naltrindole for KKF-compound were higher than those of naloxone in MVD preparations. Intracerebroventricular KKF-31 and KKF-32 at doses of 20 and 10 nmol/mouse, respectively, produced analgesia comparable to 0.1 nmol Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 and 100 nmol Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr; however, neither KKF-33 nor 34 produced analgesia up to the doses of 100 nmol/mouse. Both naloxone, 1 mg/kg, i.p., and naltrindole, 10 mg/kg, i.p., antagonized KKF-31- and KKF-32-induced analgesia. The results suggest that the introduction of trifluoromethyl group in Leu5 results in the alternation of the opioid activity and receptor selectivity. Although KKF-33 and KKF-34 possessed a more potent in vitro inhibitory effect than KKF-31 and KKF-32, mediated through mu- and delta-opioid receptors in both preparations, they did not show any appreciable analgesic effect. KKF-31 and KKF-32 produce naloxone- and naltrindole-reversible analgesia irrespective of in vitro mu- and delta-opioid activity.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1991

Development of liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. With special reference to venous invasion and basement membrane laminin.

The development of hepatic metastases in 344 patients with colorectal carcinoma was examined for correlation with the presence of both venous invasion by the primary tumor and basement membranes in the tumor tissue. The former was detected by Victoria blue and hematoxylin-eosin staining and the latter by antilaminin antibody. A significant difference in the incidence of venous invasion was noted between patients with and those without liver metastasis at surgery. Basement membrane deposition was found in half of all cases of well differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was significantly high compared with other tumor types. This was more distinct in metastatic foci in the liver and lymph nodes than in the primary lesion, but less marked in intravascular tumor tissue. Basement membrane deposition was seen more frequently in Dukes' A tumors than in B tumors, although this was not statistically significant. No relationship was found between basement membrane laminin positivity and five-year survival, nor was there any correlation between the incidence of liver metastasis and tumor histologic type. Venous invasion was considered to be intimately related to the development of liver metastasis. Deposition of laminin-positive basement membrane was dependent on the grade of tumor differentiation, whereas it had no direct relation to the development of liver metastasis.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1991

[A case of chondroblastoma originating from the right 6th rib].

Chondroblastomas are rare neoplasms, and comprise 0.5-1% of histologically proved primary bone tumors. We report a case of the tumor originating form the right 6th rib. The patient, a 15-year-old female, was admitted because the abnormal shadow was found on routine chest X-ray film. It was suspected to be the posterior mediastinal tumor based on the chest X-ray, CT and MRI. In surgery, the tumor was 4.0 x 4.0 x 2.5 cm in size and fixed on the rib, but not invasive to other tissue. The content was rough and soft granuloma like. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chondroblastoma of the rib. The patient is doing well without symptoms of recurrence fifteen months after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The clinical significance of venous invasion in cancer of the stomach.

Specimens from 235 surgically treated cases of gastric cancer were examined for venous invasion in order to investigate its clinical significance. A total of 87 (37.0 per cent) cases showed histologic evidence of venous invasion, with the incidence being 48.3 per cent of 180 cases, after the exclusion of 55 cases where cancerous invasion was limited to the mucosa. The frequency of venous invasion varied with the gross type of tumor, the depth of penetration and the degree of differentiation, being highest in tumors of type 2 and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. It increased proportionately depending upon the depth of penetration and the incidence increased in cases where there was evident lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis. The long term survival rate significantly decreased in patients with venous invasion when compared to those without it. In this report, we also discuss the marked difference in the incidence of liver metastasis between gastric and colorectal carcinomas in relation to venous invasion of the primary tumor. Double staining with Victoria blue and hematoxylin-eosin for elastic fibers proved useful for detecting venous invasion in the carcinomatous tissue, though endothelial markers have great specificity for differentiating small veins from lymphatics.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

A case of intermittent bleeding Meckel's diverticulum.

The initial technetium-99m pertechnetate abdominal scintigraphy revealed equivocal or normal results. However, a second scintigraphy without pentagastrin demonstrated a focal area of persistently increasing radioactivity in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. At surgery, Meckel's diverticulum was confirmed, and histological examination of the excised specimen revealed that it was lined with ectopic gastric mucosa. It has not been satisfactorily explained why the initial imaging failed to demonstrate the ectopic gastric mucosa. The necessity to perform repeated scintigraphy must be emphasized because 50 to 91 percent of bleeding Meckel's diverticula in the pediatric age group are said to contain gastric mucosa.

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1990

Tumors at the trigone of the lateral ventricle--clinical analysis of eight cases.

Tumors at the trigone of the lateral ventricles are relatively rare. The authors have operated on eight cases with trigonal tumors during a 10-year period. Four cases were true intraventricular tumors arising from the ventricular walls, consisting of two meningiomas, one cavernous angioma, and one choroid plexus papilloma. On the other hand, the remaining four cases were paraventricular tumors originating in the adjacent brain and consisted of three astrocytomas and one glioblastoma multiforme. Although these trigonal tumors were readily detected with computed tomographic (CT) scanning, differential diagnosis was difficult because of their similar appearances on CT scans. The initial symptoms were headache in seven, and the neurological examination revealed personality changes, choked disc, visual field defects, hemiparesis, etc., in four, and no deficits in the remaining four cases. All cases were operated on via superior or middle temporal gyrus incision, and the surgical results were good except for one case who died of postoperative brain edema. In the four cases with tumors located in the dominant hemisphere, two were left with sensory aphasia, dyslexia, dyscalculia, and hemianopsia which improved within 6 months. In these two cases, postoperative CT scans revealed cerebrospinal fluid retention with severe edema along the surgical route which disappeared spontaneously within 3 months. We consider that the temporal gyrus incision was the safest approach, even though the tumor was located in the dominant side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Two cases of primary, diffusely infiltrating carcinoma (linitis plastica) of the colon].

Two rare cases of a primary, diffusely infiltrating carcinoma (linitis plastica) of the colon are reported. Case 1: In a 54-year-old male complaining of constipation and bloody stool, stenosis in the lower rectum was detected. He was diagnosed as having rectal cancer and rectal amputation with R3 lymphadenectomy was performed. The histological diagnosis was a signet ring cell carcinoma (a2, n2(+), Ho, Po stage IV). The patient died of multiple metastasis on the 318th postoperative day. Case 2: In a 29-year-old male complaining of a lower left abdominal pain, a circular stenosis of 7.5 cm in length in the descending colon, with Schnitzler's metastasis, was found. In spite of the advanced stage, a palliative colectomy was performed. A circular thickness of the wall was noted macroscopically, and the histological diagnosis was signet ring cell carcinoma, (s, n4(+), Ho, Po, stage V). The patient died of multiple metastasis on the 25th postoperative day.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

Metastatic vulvar Paget's disease responding to combination chemotherapy: case report.

No effective chemotherapy for advanced extramammary Paget's disease has yet been established. A case of vulvar Paget's disease with systemic metastases was treated with a mitomycin C, vincristine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy, by which the vulvar lesion and serum CEA were clearly decreased. After surgery and 5-fluorouracil treatment, a similar combination chemotherapeutic regimen was administered to treat a recurrence, however, the lesions became resistant.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Relationship between the prognosis and nuclear DNA histograms in gastric cancer patients with a synchronous liver metastases who were given a combined gastrectomy and hepatectomy].

Out of 127 gastric cancer cases with a synchronous liver metastases, the relationship between the prognosis and the nuclear DNA contents in the primary and liver metastatic foci has been investigated in 10 relatively noncurative patients who had received a combined gastrectomy and hepatectomy. In 3 out of 5 long-term survival cases, low ploidy patterns were seen in both foci, whereas in 1 out of 5 short-term survival cases, a multiplicity was observed, i.e., a low ploidy in the primary focus and a high ploidy in the liver. In the other 4 short-term survival cases, high ploidy patterns were noted in both foci.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Advances of immunohistochemistry and its application to histopathology--studies on liver metastasis of colorectal carcinoma--venous basement membrane laminin].

Recently developed immunohistochemical techniques are revolutionizing surgical pathology. Although much has been written describing sensitivity and specificity of reagents in the relationship to given diagnoses, little has been published regarding the evaluation in diagnostic histopathology. Of 4905 cases, immunohistochemical stains were done in our laboratory on 108 cases in 1988. Forty three markers of different kinds were used for 266 specimens. The mean number of markers used in one case was 2.5. Evaluation study of these cases revealed good to limited diagnostic value of immunohistochemical procedures in about 70% of those cases, but no diagnostic value in approximately 30% of the cases. Relationship between venous invasion and basement membrane was investigated to clarify the mechanism of liver metastasis of the colorectal carcinoma by histologically and immunohistochemically using the anti-laminin antibody. Ninety cases of colorectal carcinoma with liver metastasis were studied. Venous invasion was found in 60 of 66 cases of synchronous liver metastasis, and in 14 of 24 cases of metachronous liver metastasis. Venous invasion was considered highly significant to development of liver metastasis, though there was a definite difference in several aspects between the two groups. Well-defined laminin-containing basement membrane was found in the primary tumor in 35 of 90 cases and in metastatic foci in 15 of 28 cases in which examination was performed. It was most frequently seen in well differentiated adenocarcinoma, though statistically not significant compared to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. No definite correlation was found between development of liver metastasis and basement membrane associated tumor cells.

Adult↗