[Case of bronchial cyst of the esophageal wall diagnosed by MRI and ultrasonic endoscopy].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Shimokata
Publications and source records attributed to K Shimokata.
[Effects of cefotaxime single administration and of cefotaxime + fosfomycin administration against respiratory tract infections].
Subjects in a cefotaxime (CTX) single administration group and in a CTX + fosfomycin (FOM) administration group were randomly selected for a comparative study on the utility of each product against respiratory tract infections. Overall improvement rates were 81.3% in 32 cases of the CTX single administration group, and 75.6% in 41 cases of the CTX + FOM concomitant administration group. No statistical difference was observed. As for adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory test results, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia, increases in GOT and GPT, and increase in GPT were observed in 4 cases of the CTX single administration group, while angialgia, increases in GOT and GPT (3 cases), and increases in BUN, (totalling 5), were observed in the CTX + FOM group. However, all the symptoms were transient, and none was serious in nature.
Adult↗
Diagnostic value of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) in exudative pleural effusions.
Pleural fluid levels of the cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) were determined in 40 patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions and in 41 patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. Using a cut off level of 16 U/ml, 15 of the 40 carcinomatous fluids but none of the 41 tuberculous fluids were positive. Pleural fluid levels of CA15-3 were not correlated with those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Combined assay of CEA and CA15-3, or CA19-9 and CA15-3, increased the positive rate from 79 to 82% and from 67 to 73%, respectively. Measurement of pleural fluid CA15-3 levels are less useful in separating carcinomatous from tuberculous effusions than is measurement of CEA or CA19-9.
Adult↗
Phase II study of oral VP-16-213 in small cell lung cancer.
The soft, gelatin capsule of VP-16-213 (etoposide) was given orally and evaluated in a Phase II study of 56 patients with histologically confirmed small cell lung cancer. The drug was given in a dose of 200 mg/body/day orally for 5 consecutive days, and the courses were repeated every 3 to 4 weeks depending upon the individual patient recovery from myelosuppression. An overall objective response was obtained in 17 patients (30%), five previously treated (23%) and 12 untreated (35%). The median days for response after the start of treatment was 14 d (range, 5 to 64), and the median duration of response was 62 days (range, 28 to 278). The dose-limiting factor was leukopenia, while thrombocytopenia was also experienced. Gastrointestinal reactions to toxicity and alopecia were also observed, but they were not overwhelming. The study demonstrated that the VP-16-213 soft gelatin capsule given orally is effective against small cell lung cancer without clinical cross-resistance to other cytotoxic agents. Its usefulness in combination chemotherapy is thus suggested.
Administration, Oral↗
Mitomycin C, vinblastine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Thirty-one patients with previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer were treated with mitomycin C (10 mg/m2, day 1), vinblastine (5 mg/m2, days 1 and 15), and cisplatin (80 mg/m2, day 1). Combination chemotherapy was repeated at 4-week intervals until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The overall response rate was 52.0%, with a median survival time of 8 months. The median duration of response was 16 weeks (range, 7-49 weeks), and 23% of the patients survived for more than 1 year. Toxicity included moderate myelosuppression, mild nephropathy, and severe nausea and vomiting. This combination therapy of anticancer agents appears to have antitumor activity, but not to have satisfactory therapeutic activity for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effect of recombinant human interferon gamma against human cytomegalovirus.
Escherichia coli-derived human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) inhibited the replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) synergistically when combined with IFN-alpha. The induction of HCMV DNA polymerase was inhibited in rIFN-gamma-treated cells. It is suggested that the induction of 2-5 A synthetase does not play an important role in the anti-HCMV actions of IFNs.
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
Effect of recombinant gamma interferon on natural killer cell activity in patients with gastric cancer.
We investigated the effect of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) in vitro on natural killer (NK) cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with gastric cancer. Thirty untreated patients with gastric cancer and eleven healthy donors were studied. NK cell activity in healthy donors was 38.6 +/- 5.2%. In patients with gastric cancer, NK cell activity was 32.4 +/- 3.9% in stage I, 35.5 +/- 7.1% in stages II and III, and 22.4 +/- 3.9% in stage IV. NK cell activity in stage IV patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls or gastric cancer patients in stages I-III. After stimulation by rIFN-gamma, NK cell activity increased in all groups, and in stage IV patients NK cell activity recovered to normal levels. However, there was no significant increase in the proportion of Leu 7 positive or Leu 11 positive cells in PBL. In conclusion rIFN-gamma enhances the activity of NK cells, but does not increase the number of active NK cells.
Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic↗
Effects of the epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 on herpes simplex virus type 2 replication.
It has been recently shown that VP-16-213, a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, inhibits the function of mammalian DNA topoisomerase II. In the present study, we examined the effects of VP-16-213 on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The compound did not inhibit the synthesis of early viral polypeptides at concentrations at which viral DNA synthesis was strongly suppressed, but induced double-strand breaks in newly synthesized HSV DNA. Electron microscopic examination of treated cells revealed the presence of a number of capsids with empty or partial cores. The level of topoisomerase II activity remained unaltered after infection, and all attempts to isolate VP-16-213-resistant mutants of HSV-2 have failed in spite of extensive efforts. It is suggested therefore that the mode of action of VP-16-213 may be inhibition of viral DNA synthesis by impairing the function of host cell topoisomerase II.
Animals↗
Immunoelectron microscopic study on the histogenesis of epidermoid metaplasia in respiratory epithelium.
To elucidate the histogenesis of epidermoid metaplasia with an immunoelectron microscopic method, we studied the localization of secretory component (SC), a differentiation marker of the epithelial cell, in human bronchial epithelium. In the area of normal epithelium, SC was synthesized by mucous cells, particularly by small mucous granule cells. It was also found with small mucous granules in both superficial columnar or cuboidal cells in the area of stratification and superficial, less flattened cells in the area of epidermoid metaplasia, but SC was not identified in polygonal cells under the superficial SC-positive cells in both of the above areas. These superficial cells containing SC and small mucous granules possessed increasing number of tonofilaments parallel with the degree of flattening of the surface cells. On the other hand, in the advanced epidermoid metaplasia, in which surface cells were composed of very flattened cells, SC and small mucous granules were not found in the bronchial epithelium. Tonofilaments increased in number in the cytoplasm parallel to morphologic changes from basal cells to outermost flattened cells, via polygonal cells. These findings suggest that small mucous granule cells containing SC could gradually change to flattened cells through a quantitative change of a cytoplasmic component, such as SC or tonofilaments, and constitute the superficial cells of initial epidermoid metaplasia, in which surface cells are composed of less flattened cells. Moreover, these findings suggested that basal cells play an important role in epidermoid differentiation.
Epidermis↗
Depressed cellular immunity in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
We studied the lymphocytes and serum suppressive factor in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin was performed in 44 patients with pneumonia associated with M. pneumoniae infection. These patients were tuberculin-positive. Twenty-five patients showed a transient negative tuberculin reaction in the acute stage and 19 had a positive reaction. In tuberculin-negative patients, peripheral blood T lymphocytes were not significantly reduced; however, the blastogenic lymphocyte response to purified protein derivative (PPD) and PPD-induced gamma-interferon production were significantly reduced when compared with those in tuberculin-positive patients and healthy tuberculin-positive controls. The lymphocyte response of healthy tuberculin-positive controls was not suppressed by adding the serum of the tuberculin-negative patients. These results suggest that tuberculin anergy in patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia early after clinical onset is due to depressed lymphocyte functions and not to serum factors.
Adolescent↗
[A case of clinically suggested Wegener's granulomatosis complicated by diabetes insipidus].
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Adult↗
Induction of human leukocyte antigen-A,B,C and -DR on cultured human oligodendrocytes and astrocytes by human gamma-interferon.
gamma-Interferon (IFN-gamma) is known to induce expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens on murine astrocytes and MHC class I antigens on murine oligodendrocytes. We studied whether the human IFN-gamma could induce the expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-A, B, C and -DR antigens on cultured human glia from autopsied brain white matter tissue. HLA-A, B, C antigens were induced on both human astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, whereas HLA-DR antigens were induced only on some astrocytes. From these results, it is suggested that IFN-gamma affects the expression of MHC class I and class II antigens on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes derived from human brain. The relationship between the induction of MHC class I and class II antigens by IFN-gamma and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is discussed.
Astrocytes↗
Augmentation of antibody responses of mice to inhaled protein antigens by simultaneously inhaled bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
Serum antibody responses of mice to repeatedly inhaled protein antigens such as bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin, plus or minus bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the form of an aerosol were studied. Results showed that the levels of responses to inhaled protein antigens varied, depending on the mouse strain-antigen combination and that LPS inhaled simultaneously with the antigens definitely augmented the responses which were not otherwise very high. LPS extracted from Klebsiella O3 (LPS-K) but not LPS from Escherichia coli O55 (LPS-E), which was inhaled at the time of initial inhalation of antigen, significantly intensified the priming for the secondary antibody response to the antigen subsequently inhaled. Both LPS-K and LPS-E, however, definitely acted to augment the response when they were inhaled repeatedly together with the antigen. Oral administration of antigen or antigen plus LPS-K did not induce any detectable antibody response in our experiment, ruling out the possibility that the antigen and LPS stimulated the immune system via alimentary canal rather than via lung. Tissue distribution of the radioactivity soon after inhalation of 131I-labeled antigen and decay speed of the radioactivity were not significantly changed by LPS-K inhaled simultaneously. This suggested that the augmentation of responses was not mediated by the action of LPS to modulate the air-blood barrier against the entry of antigen via lung. All the results prove for the first time that inhaled LPS displays a definite adjuvant action on antibody responses to inhaled antigens.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Specificity to ovomucoid domains of human serum antibody from allergic patients: comparison with anti-ovomucoid antibody from laboratory animals.
The reactivity of IgG and IgE antibodies from egg allergy patients to ovomucoid and its domain fragments was examined quantitatively, and compared with that of rabbit and mouse IgG anti-ovomucoid antibodies. The human antibodies reacted with the carbohydrate-containing domain fragments more strongly than the animal antibodies. In contrast, the human antibodies did not react with the carbohydrate-free third domain, whereas the animal antibodies definitely reacted. These results suggested that the sites and structures recognized by allergic individuals as ovomucoid antigenic determinants are not necessarily the same as those recognized by laboratory animals.
Animals↗
Determination of the T-cell subset producing gamma-interferon in tuberculous pleural effusion.
The percentage of cells of different T-cell subsets and their functions in tuberculous pleural effusion were investigated. The percentage of OKT4-positive cells was 65 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM, n = 8) and that of OKT8-positive cells was 19 +/- 3% (n = 8). Pleural T lymphocytes of patients with tuberculous pleurisy responded well to stimulation with purified protein derivative of tuberculin, and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was observed along with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production. When pleural T lymphocytes of patients with tuberculous pleurisy were treated with OKT4 monoclonal antibody and complement, a significant decrease in IFN-gamma production was observed in all eight patients (P less than 0.005), whereas no definite decrease in IFN-gamma production was found after treatment with OKT8 monoclonal antibody and complement. These results suggest that at least the OKT4+/OKT8- T-cell subset is responsible for the antigen-specific IFN-gamma production in pleural T lymphocytes of patients with tuberculous pleurisy.
Adult↗
[A phase II study of etoposide (VP-16) injection in primary lung cancer by cooperative study group].
A Phase II Study of VP-16 was performed in 58 patients with primary lung cancer. VP-16 was administered via infusion at a dosage of 60-100 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, and repeated every 3 to 4 weeks. Of the 58 patients who entered into the study, 38 were evaluable. Partial response was observed in 6 patients who had been diagnosed as having small cell carcinoma of the lung. Response rates were 15.8% for all evaluated patients and 33.3% for the patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. As for dose-limiting toxicity, leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) was observed in 53.1% of cases. Other major adverse reactions were hematologic toxicities such as anemia and thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal toxicities and alopecia, but these were all well tolerated.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Diagnostic significance of cancer antigen 125, pancreatic oncofetal antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions.
Pleural fluid levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined in 56 patients with malignant pleural effusion and in 35 patients with tuberculous effusion. Malignant effusions had significantly higher pleural fluid CA 125 and CEA levels than those of tuberculous origin (p less than 0.005). No significant difference in POA titers was found between the two kinds of effusion. Assays of CA 125 and CEA in pleural fluid may be useful in separating malignant from tuberculous effusions. Concurrent measurement of CA 125 and CEA proved superior to determination of CEA alone in discriminating between the two groups.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[A case of sarcoidosis with lesions in the nasal mucosa and epididymis].
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Adult↗