[A case of hepatic encephalopathy with high blood level of macro creatine kinase].
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Creatine Kinase↗
Biomedical subjects
K Shimoda
Publications and source records attributed to K Shimoda.
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in adrenal medulla in situ and in vitro: enhancement of chromaffin cell L1/Ng-CAM expression by NGF.
We have studied the expression of the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) L1/Ng-CAM, N-CAM, J1/tenascin, and myelin-associated glycoprotein and their common carbohydrate L2/HNK-1 epitope in normal rat adrenal gland sections as well as in adrenal medulla cell culture with and without NGF stimulation. In situ L1/Ng-CAM was observed on the surface of some but not all chromaffin cell clusters, including their closely associated extracellular matrix (ECM). N-CAM immunoreactivity was present on all chromaffin cells and ECM. The ECM of whole medullas also expressed J1/tenascin molecules. In long-term cultures, nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation enhanced L1/Ng-CAM, N-CAM, and Thy 1.1 immunolabeling on chromaffin cells and their processes. Process outgrowth was greater from chromaffin cell clusters containing S-100 positive Schwann cells as compared to dispersed single chromaffin cells. When long bundles of chromaffin cell fibers were present, S-100, L1/Ng-CAM, and N-CAM positive Schwann cells were always found and were grouped in distinct clusters in the intervals between the chromaffin cells. In some areas, however, after NGF stimulation some chromaffin cell process development occurred despite an apparent lack of close contact with Schwann cells. NGF-activated chromaffin cells also demonstrated neurofilament- and vimentin-like-immunoreactive filaments within cell bodies and their processes. Chromaffin cells were usually found on a layer of N-CAM and fibronectin positive fibroblasts, and often were associated with laminin-immunoreactive material. These data suggest a possible role of N-CAM and L1/Ng-CAM as well as ECM laminin in process outgrowth from chromaffin cells.
Adrenal Medulla↗
Circadian rhythms in depression. Part I: Monitoring of the circadian body temperature rhythm.
In order to develop a sampling strategy and a method for analyzing the circadian body temperature pattern, we monitored estimates of the temperature in four ways using rectal, oral, axillary and deep body temperature from the skin surface every hour for 72 consecutive hours in 10 normal control subjects. Data obtained were analyzed with the least-squares method to estimate the circadian rhythm. Deep body temperature from the skin surface correlated better with rectal temperature than with either oral or axillary temperature in all subjects. The correlation coefficient between rectal and deep body temperature from the skin surface ranged between 0.66 and 0.89. The acrophases calculated from the deep body temperature from the skin surface every 2 h for 48 h were consistent with those based on the rectal temperature every 10 min for 72 h. We believe that monitoring of the deep body temperature from the skin surface, in this manner, at intervals of 2 h for a period of 2 days, is a promising method for investigating circadian body temperature rhythm, because it causes less discomfort than other measures and has greater statistical validity for data computation.
Adult↗
Circadian rhythms in depression. Part II: Circadian rhythms in inpatients with various mental disorders.
We investigated longitudinally the circadian body temperature rhythms in 65 inpatients with various mental disorders, 38 of whom had major depressive episodes, by estimating the deep body temperature from the skin surface every 2 h for a consecutive 48-h period. To estimate the circadian rhythm, the data obtained were analyzed by the least-squares method and maximum entropy spectral analysis (MEM). Circadian rhythm disturbances in patients with depression were likely to be manifested in phase variability rather than in phase advance. The amplitude of body temperature of the depressed group was significantly less than that of the control group. A positive correlation between the mesor and the severity of the depressive symptoms was found. Moreover, the body temperature of the patients with affective disorders, both in the depressive and in the manic state, tended to fluctuate so much as not only to fit poorly to sinusoid curves, but also to reduce the periodicity of the circadian rhythm. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the essential feature of the rhythm disturbances in affective disorders is not the phase shift but the instability of the circadian temperature rhythm.
Adult↗
Muroctasin [MDP-Lys(18)] augments the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
N2-[(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-Lysine (MDP-Lys(L18), muroctasin) is an immunopotentiating substance. Neutrophilia and elevated levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in peripheral blood were previously found after the administration of this compound in both mice and humans. To specify the type of CSF and to elucidate the mechanisms of the neutrophilia, we cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of muroctasin and measured the levels of granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) in the culture supernatants using our sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. G-CSF is an active hematopoietic growth factor specific for cells of a neutrophilic lineage, and muroctasin was found to significantly augment the G-CSF production from PBMC in vitro (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, production of G-CSF from human PBMC in the presence of muroctasin was also supported by the Northern blot analysis using cDNA encoding G-CSF as a probe.
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
Relationship between free-running period and motor activity in blinded rats.
The free-running rhythms of motor activity in blinded rats were measured by two different devices, an Automex or a running wheel. The period of free-running rhythm measured by a running wheel was likely to be shorter than that measured by an Automex, indicating that subtle environmental difference, such as whether a cage is equipped with a wheel or not, can affect the free-running period. In addition, we found a negative correlation not only between the free-running period measured by a running wheel and that measured by an Automex, but between the free-running period and the number of wheel revolutions per day. This is the first evidence that motor activity, other than the external factors such as light intensity and temperature, may be related to change in the free-running period.
Animals↗
Three-phase study of phlebitis in patients receiving peripheral intravenous hyperalimentation.
We found clinical phlebitis in 57 of 88 patients with peripheral hyperalimentation (65%). To determine if this was a problem common to all intravenous fluid therapy at our hospital, we performed a point-prevalence study. The prevalence of phlebitis in nonhyperalimentation intravenous patients was 18% (84 of 456 patients). We then performed a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial of sham versus standard in-line filters to determine if bacteria or filterable particulate matter was responsible for phlebitis in the peripheral hyperalimentation group. The standard-filter group had a phlebitis rate of 74% compared with 64% in the sham-filter group. We then eliminated in-line filters and replaced the standard glucose-based solution with a glycerol-based peripheral hyperalimentation solution. The phlebitis rate decreased from 68% to 27% (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, phlebitis in peripheral hyperalimentation patients was probably due to chemical properties of the peripheral hyperalimentation solution rather than bacteria or particulates.
Amino Acids↗
Morphological differentiation of cumulus-oocyte complexes induced by the administration of gonadotropins in mice.
The morphological changes were examined in the present study in mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes and granulosa cells induced by the administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Dissolution of the germinal vesicle (GVBD) occurred in oocytes at 3 hr after hCG administration. Partial expansion of the cumulus cell investment was observed in the cumulus-oocyte complexes, especially those with the oocytes having undergone GVBD. Cumulus expansion due to the deposition of intercellular materials stained with colloidal iron proceeded up to 8 hr after hCG administration. The number of cells in the follicles containing matured oocytes is smaller than that in the follicles containing intact germinal vesicles in the granulosa cell layer, which indicates that the dispersion of cells occurs during meiotic maturation not only in the cumulus-oocyte complexes but also in the granulosa cell layer. Examination of the expansion of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes by electron microscopy revealed the abundant deposition of intercellular materials and the retraction of the cytoplasmic processes joining the cumulus cells to the oocyte at 3 hr after hCG administration.
Animals↗
[Heat and ozone resistance of Bacillus spores isolated from laboratory animals].
Heat resistance of free-spores of 78 Bacillus strains isolated from laboratory animals was examined. Spores of 41 out of 78 strains survived for 320 minutes at 70 degrees C, 27 for 160 min, at 100 degrees C, only one for 20 min. at 110 degrees C by autoclaving, and none for 5 min. at 120 degrees C. D-values at 100 degrees C of 9 strains determined were between 5.03 and 30.06 min. Spores of 9 strains from stock cultures were exposed to ozone gas at various conditions. Ozone resistance of spores was closely dependent upon relative humidity. D-values of the spores tested by treatment with 200 ppm ozone at 60% RH were over 200 min., especially over 1,000 min. in 4 strains, indicating that exposure to ozone at a moderate humidity for 6 hours could not sterilize Bacillus spores. At 90% RH, however, treatment with 200 ppm ozone for 6 hr. might be effective for a routine sterilization in laboratory animal facilities.
Animals↗
Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels in chronic neutropenia of infancy.
Eight infants with chronic neutropenia ranging in age from 1 to 13 months were studied for serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels. Serum G-CSF levels were elevated, especially when peripheral blood absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) were under 500/microliter in seven patients with autoimmune neutropenia. On the other hand, in a patient with congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann type), G-CSF levels were below the sensitivity of the assay (less than 50 pg/ml) despite severe neutropenia (less than 100/microliter).
Autoantibodies↗
[Long-term follow-up studies of bronchial asthma in children. I. Prognosis and risk factors].
A questionnaire on the prognosis of bronchial asthma was sent in 1988 to 1,592 patients (1,038 males, 554 females) averaging 20 years of age after 12 years' follow up. The results were as follows: 75.6% in remission, 18.2% improved, 4.0% unchanged, 0.9% worse and 1.3% dead from asthma. The average age of onset was 2.7 years, about 1 year earlier than that in our report of 1965. The average age of remission (growing out of asthma) was 13.0 years for males and 12.3 years for females. The prognosis was significantly poorer among asthmatics with an onset age of under 2 years, with a 10-year history of asthma before the first visit to our hospital, with severe attack at the initial visit, a history of admissions for the attacks and food allergy. The asthmatic children with food allergy had a 1-year earlier onset of attack, a more severe attack at the initial visit, more eczema in infancy, and 2 or more other allergic complications than children without food allergy. We have to closely follow and care for those asthmatic children with high risk factors for an extended period.
Adolescent↗
Production of interleukin-6 from macrophages by MDP-Lys (L 18), romurtide.
N2-[(N-Acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys(L18), romurtide] is an immunopotentiating substance. In addition to neutrophilic leukocytosis, the effects previously found after the administration of this compound in both mice and humans were thrombocytosis and elevated levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in peripheral blood. Although the exact mechanism of thrombopoiesis is not yet known, evidence has been accumulating that interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the maturation of megakaryocytes, and the administration of IL-6 has been reported to induce a significant increase in blood platelets associated with promotion of megakaryocyte maturation. We measured the IL-6 levels in the culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), adherent cells and nonadherent cells in the presence of romurtide. Significant augmentation of IL-6 from PBMCs and adherent cells, but not nonadherent cells, was observed in the presence of romurtide in vitro.
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
Both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and monocytic colony-stimulating factor are produced by the human T-cell line, HUT 102.
We present the first report of a T-helper cell line, HUT 102, constitutively producing both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and monocytic colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), as detected by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Northern blot analysis. However, neither amplification nor structural change of the GM-CSF and M-CSF genes was detected by Southern blot analysis. In the case of HUT 102, in which human T-lymphotropic leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is integrated, the viral protein, which acts as a trans-acting transcriptional activator, may induce the production of both GM-CSF and M-CSF.
Cell Line↗
[A case of nonresectable gastric cancer completely responding to combined chemotherapy according to the mode of progression].
The case was a 82-year-old man with advanced gastric Borrmann 3 cancer on the posterior wall of the cardia. Laparotomy revealed peritoneal dissemination (P3) and liver metastasis (H1). Because of his advanced age and on the basis of local findings, gastrectomy was not performed. In order to treat peritoneal dissemination with two-route chemotherapy, two tubes were placed beneath the cul-de-sac of Douglas and the left subphrenic cavity and at the same time, for the purpose of intra-arterial chemotherapy, one more tube was inserted into the proper hepatic artery. At day 12 and day 25 after the operation, 5-FU (500 mg)-Lipiodol (10 ml) emulsion was infused through the tube inserted into the proper hepatic artery. Within 24 hours following the infusion, hyperthermotherapy was carried out at 42 degrees C for 40 minutes. In addition, two-route chemotherapy with CDDP (100 mg)-STS was given at day 14 and day 28 after the operation. Furthermore, one course of FAM [5-FU (1,500 mg), ADM (30 mg) and MMC (10 mg)] therapy was initiated five weeks after the operation. Although no further chemotherapy was performed thereafter, both gastric endoscopy and CT scanning disclosed complete disappearance of the tumor one year after the operation. This result suggests that combined chemotherapy according to the part of progression is effective for advanced gastric cancer.
Aged↗
[Long-term follow up studies of bronchial asthma in children. II. Prognosis and complications, treatment and allergic evaluations].
A questionnaire on the prognosis of bronchial asthma was sent in 1988 to 1592 patients (1038 males, 554 females) averaging 20 years of age after 12 years' follow up. We reported on the prognosis and risk factors associated with asthmatic children in part I. The relation between prognosis and other allergic complications, treatment and laboratory data were investigated in this study. Eosinophil counts of more than 1000/mm3 and/or total serum IgE levels of more than 500 IU/ml (100 IU/ml in infants) indicated poor prognosis. However, the prognosis was not affected either by the allergens themselves or by the number of allergens determined by skin test and RAST. The prognosis was worse for patients with multiple allergic complications than for those without complications. Treatment may after the natural course of childhood asthma, but it has been difficult to evaluate the effect of each regimen over a long period. We compared the effect of hyposensitization (specific immunization) and non-bronchodilator antiasthmatic drugs (NBAAD), and found that hyposensitization alone gave better results than NBAAD and its combination. We had better results from hyposensitization over a period of 1 to 5 years than for less than 1 year or more than 5 years. We conclude that asthmatic children with risk factors should be kept under strict environmental control and given suitable therapeutic regimens to avoid the development of allergic diseases, the slow down of "allergic march", and to avoid intractable asthma.
Asthma↗
[Two stages three fields lymph node dissection in esophageal cancer].
In order to indicate the three fields lymph node dissection method to wider ranges of patients with esophageal cancer, the two stages technique was applied to those with moderate disturbance of general physical conditions. Fifty eight patients with esophageal cancer admitted to our clinic from January 1986 to December 1988 and 38, in whom those with cervical esophageal cancer were excluded, employed esophagectomy. Of them, 26 patients (68%) received the three fields dissection method, 13 being due to the one stage technique and the remaining 12 being due to the one stage technique and the remaining 13 being due to the two stages technique. The three fields dissection method was indicated to patients who were younger than 75 years of age, were expected to receive curative resections or had no, mild and moderate disturbances of the physical conditions. The one stage technique was applied to patients with no and mild disturbances of the physical conditions while the two stages technique was to those with moderate disturbance. The general physical conditions were evaluated with the past history, underlying diseases, functions of the main organs and the ability of host defense. In the first operation of the two stage technique, subtotal esophagectomy and dissection of the regional lymph nodes including the paratracheal ones were performed. After approximately one month, esophageal reconstruction with the gastric tube and dissection of the regional nodes of the abdomen and neck were done in the second operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Two cases of familial occurrence of aplastic anemia].
It is quite rare that aplastic anemia except Fanconi's type occurs in members of a single family. Here we reported two patients with aplastic anemia, a 14-year-old female and a 49-year-old her mother. In both cases, hematological findings were compatible to that of a typical aplastic anemia. In the case of daughter, CFU-E formation of control bone marrow cells was significantly inhibited by the addition of the patient's bone marrow cells, suggesting the presence of cellular immune mechanism. In the case of mother, no inhibitory activity on CFU-C formation of control bone marrow cells was detected in the patient's serum, though the ratio of helper/suppressor T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was increased. We could not sufficiently clarify the common immune mechanism causing aplastic anemia in both cases. It was noticeable, however, that both cases share HLA DR2, which is frequently found in patients with various autoimmune diseases and is believed to relate closely to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This evidence suggests the possibility that genetically inherited susceptibility may also be the important factor for causing aplastic anemia.
Adolescent↗
[The standard to indicate operations for esophageal cancer based upon quantitative evaluation of physical conditions].
Based upon quantitative evaluation of the physical conditions, we had established the standard to indicate operations for esophageal cancer. The standard consisted of functions of important organs, organ function index and host defense index. In the present study, operative death was estimated by applying the standard. Retrospective study was performed in 35 resected patients from 1981 to 1985 while prospective study was in 24 resected patients from 1986 to 1987. Operative methods were classified into three levels according to operative stress: One stage, two stages and no operation. The estimation of operative death was done on the assumption that the patient dies if performed operation is over one level more excessive than operation indicated by the standard. Retrospective study showed that 9 of 10 patients with operative death and 24 of 25 without it were estimated, percent of cases correctly estimated being 94.3%. Prospective study also revealed that all of two patients with operative death and 19 of 22 without it were predicted, the percent being 87.5%. From these results, we may conclude that the standard is useful to indicate operations for esophageal cancer.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗