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Biomedical subjects

K Shimazu

Publications and source records attributed to K Shimazu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Pupillary light reflex in patients with hemispheric cerebrovascular disease.

Pupillary dynamics were investigated in 41 patients with hemispheric CVD by means of computerized open-loop videopupillography. The patients were alert and showed either abnormal high- or low-density areas on CT scan. Fourteen cases were examined in the acute stage (within 7 days from onset), 28 cases in the subacute stage (between 8 and 28 days) and 11 cases in the chronic stage (over 29 days). In the acute stage, the parasympathetic nervous functions (maximum velocity and acceleration of pupillary constriction) were hyporeactive and showed no significant differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral side of the lesion. In the subacute stage, these functions were significantly more hyperreactive on the ipsilateral side than on the contralateral side, that is, the parasympathetic functions of the healthy hemisphere became significantly improved in comparison with those in the acute stage. In the chronic stage, no significant differences were observed between the two sides. In contrast, the sympathetic nervous function (maximum velocity of dilatation) showed no differences with respect to either laterality or the time course after onset. The above data suggest that bilateral parasympathetic hypofunctions exist in the acute stage of hemispheric CVD, with an ipsilateral improvement of these functions with the passage of time, and that such autonomic dysfunctions may play some role in the pathophysiology of CVD.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Bile alcohol profiles in bile, urine, and feces of a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

Bile alcohols in bile, urine, and feces of a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis have been analyzed by a combination of capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry after fractionation into groups according to mode of conjugation. The presence of at least 18 bile alcohols, which were excreted mainly as glucurono-conjugates in bile and urine, and as unconjugated forms in feces, was demonstrated. The following bile alcohols were identified with certainty by direct comparison with reference compounds: 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol; (23R)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23-tetrol; 5 alpha- and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrols; 5 alpha- and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrols; 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentol; (22R)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,22,25-pentol; (23R)- and (23S)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha, 12 alpha,23,25-pentols; 3 alpha,12 alpha,25-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestane-7-one; (24R)- and (24S)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentols; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25,26-pentol. Although the bile alcohol profile in urine was quite different from those in bile and feces, the determination of urinary bile alcohols as well as of biliary and fecal bile alcohols could be used for diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Different classes of antibody activities to Trichosporon cutaneum antigen in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

To assess the diagnostic value of antibody activities to Trichosporon cutaneum antigen in patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan, we measured the serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to saline-soluble antigen of homogenized T. cutaneum cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IgG antibody activity was observed in serum samples from 25 (83%) of the 30 patients and in 9 (82%) of the 11 asymptomatic family members. The IgA antibody activity was found in 25 (83%) of the patients but in only 3 (27%) of asymptomatic family members. Unexpectedly, we found no significant correlation between the IgG and IgA antibody activities to the same antigen in individual patients. Moreover, although the IgG antibody activity was related to the precipitating antibody, the IgA antibody activity was not. The IgM antibody activity by ELISA was found in only 5 (17%) of the patients. The IgG+IgA+IgM antibody activity was demonstrated in 27 (90%) of the 30 patients, and of 3 serum samples that were found negative by the ELISA method, 2 were positive by the IFA method. We conclude that the detection of the serum IgG and IgA antibody activities to T. cutaneum antigen by ELISA is a simple and useful serodiagnostic test for summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Measurement of the IgA antibody activity is especially helpful in discriminating symptomatic from asymptomatic family members.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1985

Identification of bile alcohols in human bile.

Human gallbladder bile was examined for bile alcohols. Following isolation and hydrolysis, the bile alcohols were analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following bile alcohols were identified with certainty by direct comparison with reference standards: 5 beta-cholane-3 alpha,-7 alpha,23,24-tetrol; 5 beta-cholane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrol; 24-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol; 27-nor-5 beta-cholest-25-ene-3 alpha,7 alpha,-12 alpha,24-tetrol; 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-27-nor-5 beta-cholestan-24-one; 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentol; 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25,26-hexol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,24-triol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,25-triol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,26-triol; 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26-tetrol; (24R)- and (24S)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentols; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,26-pentol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,-25,26-pentol; 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,26,27-pentol; 26-methoxy-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol. There also existed two norcholestanetetrols and three cholestanetetrols with two hydroxyl substituents on the nucleus and two in the side chain. The human biliary bile alcohols occurred mainly as sulfate esters and in lesser amounts as glucuronoconjugated and unconjugated forms. The amount of total bile alcohols was about 0.9 mg (0.7-1.2 mg) in 1 g of bile solid, or 0.16 mumol (0.07-0.24 mumol) in 1 ml of gallbladder bile.

Bile↗
PubMed1984

Surface morphology and function of human pulmonary alveolar macrophages from smokers and non-smokers.

Pulmonary alveolar macrophages were obtained by saline lavage from 23 healthy male volunteers--10 non-smokers and 13 cigarette smokers. Lavage produced three times as many alveolar macrophages in smokers than in non-smokers. When macrophages from smokers and from non-smokers were incubated in vitro, more cells from smokers adhered to glass, spread out, and showed enhanced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. The surface morphology of alveolar macrophages from smokers showed more with a plate like appearance and ridge like membrane surface, while the macrophages from non-smokers were predominantly spherical with ruffles. The proportions of cells which stained highly for beta galactosidase were 55% in smokers and 11% in non-smokers. Thus, in a resting state in vitro, alveolar macrophages from smokers were more active than those from non-smokers. When, however, macrophages from smokers and non-smokers were incubated with immunobeads and with opsonised or non-opsonised BCG, the phagocytic activity and stimulated NBT reduction of alveolar macrophages from smokers were similar to or somewhat less than those of non-smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon cutaneum.

We isolated Trichosporon cutaneum from the houses of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and investigated its possible role as an etiologic agent in 21 cases of the disease. A high titer of anti-T. cutaneum antibody was observed in serum samples from 20 (95.2%) of the 21 patients, but only a low titer was found in less than 9% of the control serum samples. Anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody was also observed in the patients' serum samples, but it appeared, in most samples, to be a cross-reaction to T. cutaneum antigen. This was because the anti-C. neoformans antibody was completely absorbed with T. cutaneum, but the anti-T. cutaneum antibody was only partly absorbed with C. neoformans. Besides, no C. neoformans was isolated from the patients' environment. A bronchoprovocation test with T. cutaneum was done on one patient, with a positive result. We also found T. cutaneum in bird droppings containing nutrients for this organism. To our knowledge, this is the first report on hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by T. cutaneum.

Adult↗