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Biomedical subjects

K Shimamura

Publications and source records attributed to K Shimamura.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A clinical study of the order and speed of sensory recovery after digital replantation.

The order of sensory recovery (the first appearance of each sensory modality in the amputated digit) and the speed of sensory recovery in the amputated digit were recorded in 74 replanted digits in which both digital nerves had been severed and repaired primarily. The order of sensory recovery was measured by Frey hairs to determine pressure (30 gm) and touch (2 gm). Pain (5 gm) was measured by an algesiometer and cold (0 degree C) and warmth (50 degrees C) were measured by a thermometer (Yufu Seiki Co., Ltd.). Perspiration was measured by the bromophenol blue printing method. The mean times of the appearance of sensibility in the amputated digits were: pressure, 9.8 weeks; touch, 11.6 weeks; pain, 13.4 weeks; cold, 15.3 weeks; warmth 16.8 weeks; and perspiration, 26.9 weeks. The speed of sensory recovery was a measurement of the first appearance of sensibility in the amputated digit to the restoration of sensibility to the fingertip. The speed of sensory recovery for touch and pain was calculated by dividing the number of months required for sensory recovery by the distance from the replant level to the fingertip. The mean speed of sensory recovery for touch was 14.0 mm per month, and for pain it was 13.2 mm per month.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A histological study on microthrombi in autopsy cases of DIC.

Microthrombi in 43 untreated and 26 treated cases of DIC were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. In the untreated cases, four types of microthrombi (intraluminal microthrombi with or without fibroblastic and/or smooth muscle cell reaction) were identified. Microthrombi in the former three types showed various degrees of thrombolysis. Failure of thrombolysis seemed to lead the organization of microthrombi. These morphological findings were considered to indicate the course of DIC and the degree of disappearance of the microthrombi in DIC. Microthrombi in the hepatic sinusoids and glomerular capillaries were studied with special reference to the removal processes of the microthrombi. Pathogenesis of renal cortical necrosis in DIC was also discussed. The number of microthrombi was markedly decreased by heparin and gabexate mesilate treatment. The incidences of microthrombi in the liver, kidney, lung, and heart were compared in the two treated groups.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1983

Differential effects of adenosine on histamine secretion induced by antigen and chemical stimuli.

Adenosine had a dual effect on the IgE-mediated histamine secretion from rat peritoneal mast cells: an inhibition at relatively low concentrations and a potentiation at higher concentrations. An adenosine R-site analog, N6-methyladenosine, had a similar dual effect while adenosine P-site analogs, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and 2'-deoxyadenosine, had neither inhibitory nor potentiating effects. Both compound 48/80- and alpha-chymotrypsin-induced histamine secretion were dose-dependently inhibited by adenosine. Not only R- and P-site analogs of adenosine but also a wide variety of purine and pyrimidine derivatives such as adenine, AMP, cyclic AMP, ADP, guanosine, inosine and cytosine showed inhibitory activities on the compound 48/80-induced histamine secretion. Adenosine had no influence on substance P- and neurotensin-induced histamine secretion.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1983

The role of Kupffer's cells in disseminated intravascular coagulation. A morphologic study in thrombin-infused rabbits.

We studied ultrastructural changes of Kupffer's cells in rabbits during experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) induced by thrombin infusion. We observed three steps of fibrin clearance by Kupffer's cells: adsorption on the cell coat, invagination of the plasma membrane, and formation of bristle-coated vesicles adjoining the invaginated fibrin. There was no direct evidence of phagocytosis of fibrin by Kupffer's cells. Pinocytosis revealed by bristle-coated vesicles seemed to be one of the microthrombiclearing mechanisms of Kupffer's cells. Dissemination of microthrombi to systemic organs seemed to depend on the speed of fibrin formation and the clearing ability of Kupffer's cells. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that pretreatment with latex particles increased the severity of DIC.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of human fibroblast interferon on malignant brain tumors].

Since 1980, phase 1 and 2 clinical trials of Hu-IFN-beta have been done in the field of neurosurgery. In the present study, (1) the results of in vivo experiments of Hu-IFN-beta are reported and (2) the effectiveness of Hu-IFN-beta in patients with malignant brain tumors is also evaluated. (1) The antitumor activities of beta-IFN and poly ICLC in nude mice receiving subcutaneous transplants of human brain tumors (2 strains) were compared with those of conventional anticancer drugs. After 3 weeks of treatment with ACNU, vincristine, bleomycin, mitomycin C, beta-IFN and poly ICLC, tumor reduction rates were evaluated by the method of Battelle. The effectiveness of beta-IFN and poly ICLC was slightly inferior to that of ACNU and vincristine, although tumor reduction rates (treated/control values) of 43% and 39% were respectively obtained with beta-IFN and poly ICLC against one strain of glioblastoma. (2) Clinically, 7 patients with malignant brain tumors were given beta-IFN (4 by intratumor administration and 3 by intravenous injection) in a dose of 3 X 10(6) to 9 X 10(6) IU/day for 2 to 6 months to study the efficiency and side effects of IFN treatment. One of four patients given IFN intratumorally showed a reduction in tumor size (partial response) by CT scan; the three patients injected IFN intravenously were unchanged. There were no noteworthy side effects in the cases treated intratumorally except for fever occurring in one patient. In the patients treated intravenously, however, fever, general malaise, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Free vascularized fibular transplant. A new method for monitoring circulation of the grafted fibula.

Free vascularized fibular grafts were used to treat seventeen patients who had extensive defects and pseudarthroses in long bones of the extremities. Of the seventeen, thirteen had been followed for from eighteen months to five years and could be evaluated. All thirteen grafts healed with no radiographic evidence of bone necrosis or resorption. During the immediate postoperative period, the patency of the anastomoses was monitored by observing the color of the skin of an island pedicle (so-called buoy) skin graft whose blood supply was in continuity with that of the fibular graft. Preoperative Doppler measurements were used to determine the most favorable location for the island pedicle graft. In the presence of defects of both bone and skin, the skin defect can be covered by using a large buoy flap. The largest flap used in this series measured fifteen square centimeters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Role of natural killer cells against tumor growth in nude mice--a brief review.

To determine the in vivo function of natural killer (NK) cells against tumor development, we used nude mice deprived of NK activity by injection of anti-asialo GM1. We present here the enhancement of transplanted tumor growth in such mice and discuss the role of NK cells in the tumor-host system based on our recent studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Distribution patterns of microthrombi in disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Distribution of microthrombi in 37 autopsy cases of untreated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was studied histologically. According to the organs predominantly involved, four patterns of distribution were distinguished: hepatic, hepatorenal, renal, and undetermined. The results suggested that these patterns indicated the course of DIC and the function of Kupffer's cells in the liver, whose role in the course of DIC was evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

T-zone histiocytes with S100 protein. Development and distribution in human fetuses.

Histiocytic cells with S100 protein compose a cell lineage independent of the monocyte-macrophage system. Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells in the skin and oral mucosa, interdigitating cells in the T-zone of the lymph node, and other lymphoid tissues belong to this cell lineage. In addition to these cells, small S100+ cells showed morphological transition to large histiocytes. In human fetuses, a large number of S100+ lysozyme- NCA- cells first appeared in the thymic medulla by the end of the third month of gestation, and rapidly disseminated to the various lymphoid organs in accordance with the spread of T-lymphocytes during the fourth month of gestation. S100+ small cells were more frequent than large cells and showed more rapid dissemination in the early stage. S100- lysozyme+ NCA+ immature macrophages appeared in the liver, spleen, lymph node anlage, and other tissues at the second month of gestation, and their distribution was completely different from S100+ histiocytes. Fetal development of T-zone histiocytes with S100 protein supported the hypothesis that there are two histiocytic cell lines; one is the monocyte-macrophage system, another is the S100+ T-zone histiocyte system.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1982

Recovery of sensation in replanted digits--time of recovery and degree of two-point discrimination.

Even if good motor function returns in a replanted digit, if no useful sensation returns, the digit cannot be considered fully functional. In such cases sensory reconstruction with nerve grafts may be necessary, but it is difficult to determine the optimal time for such surgery. Therefore, we studied 37 replanted digits in which the palmar digital nerves had been severed bilaterally and anastomosed at the replantation procedure. Our findings indicate a correlation between the time at which sensation returned to the digits and the degree of two-point discrimination (2PD) that returned. In digits in which sensation returned less than four months after replantation, a 2PD of less than 15 mm returned in more than 50% of cases, but when more than four months passed before the return of sensation, a useful degree of 2PD seldom returned. We believe, therefore, that if the recovery of sensation in a replanted digit has not been satisfactory by four months after replantation, reconstructive surgery should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of clonidine and guanfacine on drinking and ambulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Present experiment was undertaken to compare the effects of clonidine and guanfacine on water drinking behavior and ambulatory activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Equipotent hypotensive doses of clonidine and guanfacine, 150 micrograms/kg and 1500 micrograms/kg, respectively, given twice a day at 8:00 and 20:00, produced a triphasic pattern of behavioral changes; initial increase in water drinking and ambulation during the light period, decrease in water intake and ambulation at the beginning of the dark period, and a second increase in water drinking and ambulation at the end of the dark period. Guanfacine treated SHR showed less change in water drinking behavior and ambulation than the clonidine treated SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Morphology and function of ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide-positive lymphocyte mediators of natural killer activity.

More than 90% of nylon wool-passed spleen cells from nude mice reacted with ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide (asialo GM1) which eliminated mouse natural killer (NK) cell activity in the presence of complement. The successful enrichment of asialo GM1-positive (asialo GM1+) cells made possible the demonstration that the number of asialo GM1+ cells was correlated with NK cell activity as well as with binding frequency to YAC-1 target cells. Morphologically, by light and immunoelectron microscopic examinations, the enriched asialo GM1+ cells were composed of 90% lymphocytes and 10% large cells with the characteristics of monocytes. However, the asialo GM1+ lymphocytes (but not the monocytes) bound to the target cells and gave rise to the asialo GM1+ monocytes were sometimes observed to bind to target cells, cytolytic features of the target cells were not demonstrated. These results strongly suggest that asialo GM1+ lymphocytes are essential for NK cytolysis by directly binding to target cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clinical replantation of digits and its problem.

571 replanted digits in 395 patients were critically evaluated from the point of view of the surgical technique, level of amputation, post-operative complications and the eventual functional end result. When the period of ischaemia exceeded 10 hours, the risk of failure was higher. Bone union was delayed in the digits in which the period of ischaemia was longer than 5 hours. Single thumb and multiple finger amputations were functionally most useful regardless of the level of amputation, the range of mobility or the sensory recovery. Single finger replantations resulted in poor function especially for the index and little finger. Replantation of a single finger amputation is of questionable value from the point of view of time spent both by the surgeon and the patient. Surprisingly, replantations for amputation proximal to the proximal interphalangeal joint produced much less satisfactory functional result as compared to those for amputations distal to this joint.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Changes in circadian rhythms of urinary catecholamine excretion in cold-stressed spontaneously hypertensive rats].

Investigations of the changes in ambulation and water drinking behavior of SHR were carried out and an attempt was made to determine the influence of cold exposure on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary catecholamines excretion (UCA) in SHR. Twenty week old male SHR-Okamoto strain (approximately 350 g) were used. The automatic Ambulo-Drinkometer was used to determine ambulatory activity and water drinking in SHR. UCA was determined by the trihydroxyindole method using high performance liquid chromatography. Cold exposure was performed for a period of 24 hours in a room maintained between 0--3 degrees C. It was observed that ambulatory activity and water drinking of SHR in dark phase were higher than those in the light phase (P less than 0.001). Significant increases in urinary norepinephrine (UNE), urinary epinephrine (UE), and urinary dopamine (UDA) contents as well as in urine volume were observed in the dark phase as compared with those in the light phase. SBP was significantly elevated after cold exposure. It was also demonstrated that cold exposure produced a significant increase in UNE and UE both in light and dark phases. Significant increase in UDA in cold stressed SHR was observed in dark phase. Although at room temperature (20 +/- 2 degrees C) significant difference in UCA between light and dark phases was observed, during cold exposure no significant difference was apparent. These findings suggest that temperature modulation induces changes in circadian rhythms of urinary CA excretion in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of asialo GM1 in lymphoid cells in thymus.

The quantitative change of asialo MG1 on the surface of mouse thymocytes was demonstrated in various ontogenic differentiation stages by immunoelectron microscopic study. Detection of asialo GM1 was performed using anti-asialo GM1 prior fixation in the mixture of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde. Anti-asialo GM1 react with unit membrance of perinuclear space and Golgi complex in the thymocytes which express asialo GM1 on the surface. Those anti-asialo GM1 reaction products observed on the surface and intracellular structures disappeared by ethanol- or methanol-treatment but mostly remained by acetone-treatment. These results suggest that anti-asialo GM1 react to the similar antigen determinants both on the surface and in the cytoplasm which are composed of carbohydrate and lipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Role of thymus for N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine-induced polyarthritis and granuloma formation in euthymic and athymic nude rats or in neonatally thymectomized rats.

A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), produced extremely severe polyarthritis with almost 100% incidence in Rowett euthymic rnu/+ rats, but the same dose of MDP (100 microgram) did not produce the disease in athymic rnu/rnu rats. Five hundred micrograms of MDP or 0.2 mg of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG, however, produced mild and transient polyarthritis in nude rats with very low incidence. We have not yet succeeded in reconstituting the disease susceptibility of nude rats by using thymus cells from normal rnu/+ rats. After intradermal inoculation of 100 microgram of MDP, nude rats developed small granulomas with a little necrosis and very few multinucleated giant cells only in the regional lymph nodes, whereas, in addition to the development of polyarthritis, euthymic rnu/+ rats developed typical granuloma with massive necrosis accompanied by numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and sparse multinucleated giant cells in the regional lymph nodes. Thymus cell-reconstituted rnu/rnu rats developed granuloma with sparse giant cells, relatively large areas of necrosis, and many polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Neonatal thymectomy may depress adjuvant-induced arthritis in the high-responder Lewis rats and enhance the disease development in the low-responder F344 rats. These findings suggested that (i) thymus plays an important role in promoting the development of MDP-induced arthritis; (ii) MDP-induced granuloma formation does not require thymus functions; (iii) the thymus functions may however be involved in the development of massive necrosis surrounded by considerable polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, the mechanisms of which remain to be determined; and (iv) there is no direct correlation between granuloma formation and development of adjuvant arthritis.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗