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Biomedical subjects

K Shimamura

Publications and source records attributed to K Shimamura.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Agreement rates and American-Japanese pathologists' comparability of a modified Working Formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. An analysis of the cases collected for the Fifth International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia-Lymphoma.

Histopathologic slides of 368 cases collected from 16 institutions around the world for the Fifth International Chromosome Workshop were independently reviewed by a group of five hematopathologists consisting of two Americans and three Japanese. Agreement rates of their diagnoses using the Working Formulation (WF) for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied. A modified classification scheme of the WF was used in order to define cytologic subtypes more specifically, enabling 65 possible diagnostic choices. Data analyses by computer revealed that at least four out of five diagnostic agreements were observed in 290 cases (78.9%). Similar agreements were observed in more than 80% of the cases for most of the categories of the WF, excepting diffuse small cleaved (73.3%), diffuse mixed (64.2%), diffuse large cell (76.5%), and immunoblastic lymphoma (70.2%). Agreement rates between American and Japanese pathologists did not demonstrate statistically significant differences against expected values. It was concluded that the WF was a reliable and useful classification system for multi-institutional as well as international projects, although refinements may be necessary in some categories for better diagnostic agreement.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Hemophagocytic syndrome complicating T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a novel t(11;14)(p15;q11) chromosome translocation.

A case of hemophagocytic syndrome that developed in a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a novel chromosome translocation involving 14q11 is reported. A 15-year-old boy with T-cell ALL in relapse showed leukemic cells with an abnormal karyotype of 46,XY,-15,t(11;14)(p15;q11), +der(15)t(15;?)(p11;?). Pancytopenia and extensive hemophagocytosis by macrophages in the bone marrow were observed after reinduction chemotherapy and again at the terminal stage. At autopsy, infiltration of such cells was also found in other organs. The findings suggested occurrence of hemophagocytic syndrome probably associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The t(11;14)(p15;q11) may be a novel translocation specific for T-cell ALL, and conceivably, the association of T-cell ALL with the histiocytosis in this patient may not have been coincidental.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The venous skin graft method for repairing skin defects of the fingers.

A venous skin graft for the treatment of skin defects in a finger is described. This procedure involves taking a flap from the forearm together with the subcutaneous vein and anastomosing both ends of this vein to the digital artery and vein, respectively. Thirteen difficult finger wounds were resurfaced with such a venous skin graft. The sizes of the flaps ranged from 1.3 X 3.0 cm to 2 X 5 cm. The lengths of the veins taken were from 6 to 12 cm. Subcutaneous fat is thin, and there is good elasticity in the grafted flap.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Noradrenaline content and release in the mesenteric artery of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and a new strain of SHRSP (M-SHRSP).

Adrenergic innervation in the main trunk of the mesenteric artery was studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) as well as in a new strain of SHRSP (M-SHRSP) and was compared with that of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Noradrenaline (NA) content and high K-induced NA release in the artery of 6-week-old SHRSP and M-SHRSP were greater than those in the artery of WKY. These results suggest that a higher adrenergic innervation of the artery might be involved in the development of hypertension in SHRSP and M-SHRSP.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The effects of FUT-175 (nafamostat mesilate) on blood coagulation and experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)].

FUT-175 is a newly synthesized serine protease inhibitor. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FUT-175 on blood coagulation and experimental DIC. The effects on coagulation were examined in vitro by measuring the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) of rat plasma in the presence of FUT-175. FUT-175 exhibited remarkable anticoagulative effects to prolong APTT at a plasma concentration of 3 x 10(-7) M, PT at 1 x 10(-5) M and TT at 3 x 10(-5) M. The anticoagulative effect of FUT-175 at 1 x 10(-6) M on APTT was almost similar to that of heparin at 0.3 U/ml or that of gabexate mesilate at 1 x 10(-3) M. Experimental DIC was induced by a four-hr sustained intravenous infusion of endotoxin. FUT-175 was administered intraperitoneally prior to the injection of endotoxin or infused intravenously with endotoxin. As a result, the prolongation of APTT and PT, the decreases of fibrinogen level, platelet counts and complement level, and the increase of FDP were remarkably improved by FUT-175. Furthermore, glomerular fibrin deposits were reduced by the infusion of FUT-175. These results indicate that FUT-175, having a potent inhibitory effect on blood coagulation, is clinically applicable to therapy for DIC.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of the substance P antagonist spantide on adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in rats.

In order to elucidate the role of substance P in adrenal nerve activity, the effects of substance P antagonists on tonic activity of the adrenal sympathetic nerve, the response to exogenous substance P and cutaneo-adrenal nerve reflex were investigated in anesthetized rats. Substance P or its antagonist [(Arg1, D-Trp7,9, Leu11)-substance P: spantide] was injected into the subarachnoid space via polyethylene tubing. Intrathecal administration of spantide (0.1-10 micrograms) produced a slight and transient increase in tonic activity of the adrenal nerve. Thereafter, a marked and prolonged decrease in adrenal nerve activity was observed, along with a decrease in arterial blood pressure. Intrathecally administered substance P (0.1-10 micrograms) produced a marked increase in tonic activity of the adrenal nerve in a dose-related manner. This substance P-induced increase in adrenal nerve activity was significantly antagonized by pretreatment with spantide. It was also found that spantide depressed the reflex response in adrenal nerve activity evoked by noxious mechanical pinching of the skin. These findings suggest the possibility that on the spinal level, substance P has an important role in the maintenance of tonic activity of the adrenal nerve and the transmission of nociceptive information to the adrenal nerve in rats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1987

Studies on beige-nude mice with low natural killer cell activity. 1. Introduction of the bg gene into nude mice and the characteristics of beige-nude mice.

To improve the take-rate of human tumours in nude mice, a nude mouse strain with the bg gene was established. The introduction of the bg gene was confirmed by examination of giant granules of blood neutrophils. The genetic profile of beige-nude mice was the same as that of the C57BL/6 strain according to genetic screening. The natural killer cell activity in the beige-nude mice was much lower than that in ordinary nude mice but slightly higher than that in beige mice. The reproductivity of beige-nude mice was as high as that of ordinary nude mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of vanadate on vascular smooth muscles of WKY and SHRSP.

The effects of vanadate on the vascular smooth muscle of Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were examined. It was shown that sodium vanadate caused contraction of the aortae, mesenteric and basilar arteries of both strains, and that the reactivity was higher in SHRSP in the aorta and mesenteric artery. The vanadate-induced contractions were not blocked by 6-hydroxydopamine, adrenergic blocking agents, indomethacin or ouabain, while 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene did. An increase in K+-concentration potentiated the vanadate-induced contractions of the mesenteric arteries and minimized the difference between preparations from WKY and SHRSP. In depolarized preparations incubated in K-Tyrode's solution (140 mM KCl), vanadate induced phasic contractions followed by marked relaxation in the aortae of both species, the relaxation being more prominent in SHRSP aorta, while depolarized mesenteric arteries showed sustained contractions. It was revealed that vanadate caused contractions by acting inside the cell, and membrane permeability to vanadate might be higher in the vascular smooth muscle of SHRSP. The findings also suggested that vanadium, an inorganic element, can be involved in the initiation of hypertension in SHRSP when it acts on vascular smooth muscle.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1987

[The development of water maze-learning ability in rats. (2) Effect of pretraining with the water-filled straight channel].

To determine whether pretraining with the water-filled straight channel affects learning acquisition, we studied the water filled multiple T-maze learning ability in 8-weeks-old SPF Wistar-Imamichi rats. The performance time for the straight channel was markedly shortened at the 2nd and 3rd trial compared to the time at the 1st trial on the 1st day. But at subsequent trials on days 2 and 3 it was longer than at the 3rd trial on day 1. At the 1st trial on day 1, the performance time of the group unexperienced in the straight channel was more than three times that of the experienced group. In subsequent trials, however, both groups showed similar performance times. More errors were observed in the unexperienced group than in the experienced group at the 1st trial on day 1. No difference was found between the two groups in subsequent trials. These results indicate that the learning acquisition was largely influenced by pretraining in the straight channel at the 1st trial on day 1.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of sodium vanadate on smooth muscles of guinea-pig ureter and their relation to extracellular Ca.

The effects of sodium vanadate on electrical and mechanical activities of the guinea-pig ureter were studied. Sodium vanadate at concentrations higher than 10(-5) M induced elevations of basal tension and repetitive twitch-like contractions. The drug depolarized membrane only slightly but induced repetitive action potentials. Sodium vanadate potentiated phasic and tonic contractions of K-contracture. It also increased tension development of high amplitude in K-depolarized preparations. Thus, the change in the resting membrane potential does not seem to play the only role in the initiation of contractions, though sodium vanadate-induced twitch-like contractions were associated by repetitive action potentials. Sodium vanadate-induced twitch-like contractions were blocked by Ca removal or by verapamil, but elevated basal tension was depressed only slightly under these treatments. Sodium vanadate induced tension development in the absence of Ca both in polarized and K-depolarized preparations. These results suggest that sodium vanadate increased mechanical activities by enhancing Ca influx as well as releasing intracellular bound Ca and/or inhibiting Ca extrusion through cell membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Familial predisposition to cancer: a cohort study of participants in a cervical cancer screening program].

A numerous number of case-control studies have already demonstrated a certain extent of familial clustering for most human cancers. This is the first report of follow-up study with respect to familial predisposition to cancer. About 40 thousands women who participated in a cervical cancer screening program in 1977 were followed up until 1985 by using the population-based cancer registry. Cancer patients who were detected in the cohort population and their controls were compared for the family history of cancer and female reproductive history both of which had been recorded in a computer file beforehand. For large bowel cancer and breast cancer, positive effect of familial predisposition was observed, though not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An increase in the sympathoadrenal medullary function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats under anesthetized and resting conditions.

Sympathoadrenal medullary functions were investigated in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) and in control normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) under halothane-anesthetized and resting conditions. The mean frequency of the spontaneous efferent activity of a single adrenal sympathetic nerve fiber was 1.08 +/- 0.11 impulses/s in WKY and 2.82 +/- 0.24 imp/s in SHR-SP, indicating a much higher level in SHR-SP than in WKY. The secretion rates of both adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal gland were higher in SHR-SP than in WKY. The secretion rates of adrenaline and noradrenaline in WKY were 16.8 +/- 3.0 and 1.70 +/- 0.09 ng/kg X min, respectively, while those in SHR-SP were 36.7 +/- 3.9 and 2.56 +/- 0.18 ng/kg X min, respectively.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Two natural killer cell populations which belong to T cell lineage in nude mice.

Enriched natural killer (NK) cell populations from BALB/c nude mice obtained by using nylon wool column (NWC) separation were stained with anti-Thy-1 and anti-asialo GM1 (GA1), and then were fractioned by flow cytometry into 4 cell populations: Thy-1+GA1+ cells, Thy-1+GA1- cells, Thy-1-GA1+ cells and Thy-1-GA1- cells. These cell populations were sorted out by flow cytometry and were examined for NK activity. Of the sorted cells, high NK activity was found in the two populations, Thy-1+GA1+ cells and Thy-1-GA1+ cells. In the other populations expressing Thy-1 antigen alone or expressing neither GM1 nor Thy-1, NK activity was almost undetectable. The two cell populations with NK activity were lineaged with respect to rearrangement of the T cell receptor genes. Southern gel analysis using a cDNA probe containing the D beta 1, J beta 1.3 and C beta 1 genes of the T cell receptor showed a reduction of the germ-line band of DNA in the 3 fractionated populations other than Thy-1-GA1- cells. Since these observations were demonstrated in nude spleen cells, it is indicated that the cells with NK activity belong to T cell lineage even if they lack Thy-1 expression and that they may develop out of the thymus, if they express Thy-1 antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Free peroneal flap coverage of the great toe defect resulting from a wrap-around flap transfer.

In thumb reconstruction, the wrap-around free flap from the great toe with distal terminal phalanx attached gives a better replica of a thumb esthetically and functionally and has many advantages. However, there are problems in the great toe, such as delayed wound healing, pain caused by long-time walking, ulceration, and skin erosion. We closed the skin defect of the great toe with a free peroneal flap in seven cases. In all cases of both the wrap-around flap and peroneal flap complete healing was obtained after the operation without trouble. The donor great toe causes no significant morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Germination of Bacillus cereus spores induced by purine ribosides and their analogs: effects of modification of base and sugar moieties of purine nucleosides on germination-inducing activity.

Purine riboside and some of its analogs were tested for their ability to induce germination of Bacillus cereus T spores. Hypoxanthine and adenine showed no germination-inducing activity either in the present or absence of D-ribose or its phosphorylated derivatives. Purine riboside and 18 analogs with modified purine base were all able to induce germination of the spores to various extents. In contrast to this, the requirement for the sugar moiety in the purine riboside appeared to be more stringent. Only those nucleosides that contained either D-ribose or deoxy-D-ribose, and certain species of azole derivatives such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide covalently linked to the C(1') of the sugar actively induced germination.

Bacillus cereus↗
PubMed1986

Effects of sodium vanadate on various types of vascular smooth muscles.

Effects of sodium vanadate on various vascular smooth muscles of guinea pigs, rabbits, and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were studied. Sodium vanadate of concentrations higher than 10(-5) M induced contractions in the aortae of all animals. The contractile effects varied among vascular smooth muscles, and mesenteric arteries showed no or only weak contractile response to the drug, while aortae showed higher contractile responses. In the portal veins, potentiation of spontaneous contractions was observed by the application of sodium vanadate. These responses were not blocked by treatments with adrenergic blocking agents or indomethacin, indicating the direct action of the drug on vascular smooth muscles. Treatment with 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) blocked completely the contractile effects of sodium vanadate, whereas it showed no effect on K-contractures. Partial depolarization of the membrane by elevations of K concentration potentiated sodium vanadate-induced contractions and minimized the variations of responses among preparations. In K-depolarized preparations, sodium vanadate often induced relaxation of preparations. The contractile effects of sodium vanadate were not blocked by treatment with ouabain, though ouabain also showed contractile actions in a number of preparations. It was suggested that vanadate acts directly on vascular smooth muscles and causes contractions without relation to the inhibition of Na,K-ATPase. It may cause contractions inhibiting Ca-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or of cell membrane, and cause relaxation by inhibiting ATPase of contractile proteins. The variations of the responses may be explained by differences of membrane permeability to vanadate.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of contractile effects of sodium vanadate and ouabain in vascular smooth muscles of guinea-pigs and rats.

Ouabain and vanadate are known as potent inhibitors of Na, K-ATPase in various tissues including smooth muscles. Both agents showed contractile action on various smooth muscles in a similar fashion: stronger contractile action on the aortae of rats (WKY and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHRSP) and guinea-pigs, and weaker contractile actions on basilar and mesenteric arteries of the same animals. Time to peak tension, however, was far longer in ouabain-induced contraction. Phentolamine depressed ouabain-induced contractions, while vanadate-induced contractions were not affected. Elevation of K+ concentration to 20 or 30 mM potentiated vanadate-induced contraction markely, while it potentiated ouabain-induced contraction only slightly. DIDS blocked vanadate-induced contraction but showed no effect on ouabain-induced contraction. Removal of Ca abolished ouabain-induced contractions, while vanadate-induced contractions of reduced height could be observed in the absence of Ca. Verapamil depressed both ouabain- and vanadate-induced contractions of WKY and SHRSP aorte aut exhibited no effect on the guinea-pig aorta. Thus, although similarities of the action of ouabain and sodium vanadate were observed, the modes of the actions were revealed to be different in the two agents. Inhibition of Na, K-ATPase might be involved in the case of ouabain-induced contractions, and inhibition of Ca-ATPase of membranous systems might be involved in vanadate-induced contraction.

Animals↗